3 Character, String, and Argument-List Functions

Table 3-1 describes the character, string, and argument-list functions in the DEC C Run-Time Library (RTL). Although further discussion follows, see the Reference Section for more detailed information on each function.

Table 3-1 Character, String, and Argument-List Functions

Function  Description 
Character Classification 
isalnum, iswalnum  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is one of the alphanumeric characters in the current locale. 
isalpha, iswalpha  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is one of the alphabetic characters in the current locale. 
isascii  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is any ASCII character. 
iscntrl, iswcntrl  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a control character in the current locale. 
isdigit, iswdigit  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a digit character in the current locale. 
isgraph, iswgraph  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a graphic character in the current locale. 
islower, iswlower  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a lowercase character in the current locale. 
isprint, iswprint  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a printing character in the current locale. 
ispunct, iswpunct  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a punctuation character in the current locale. 
isspace, iswspace  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a white space character in the current locale. 
isupper, iswupper  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is an uppercase character in the current locale. 
isxdigit, iswxdigit  Returns a nonzero integer if its argument is a hexadecimal digit (0 to 9, A to F, or a to f). 
Character Conversion 
btowc  Converts a one-byte multibyte character to a wide character in the initial shift state. 
ecvt, fcvt, gcvt  Converts an argument to a null-terminated string of ASCII digits and return the address of the string. 
index, rindex  Searches for a character in a string. 
mblen, mbrlen  Determines the number of bytes in a multibyte character. 
mbsinit  Determines whether an mbstate_t object decribes an initial conversion state. 
mbstowcs  Converts a sequence of multibyte characters into a sequence of corresponding codes. 
toascii  Converts its argument, an 8-bit ASCII character, to a 7-bit ASCII character. 
tolower, _tolower, towlower  Converts its argument, an uppercase character, to lowercase. 
toupper, _toupper, towupper  Converts its argument, a lowercase character, to uppercase. 
towctrans  Maps one wide character to another according to a specified mapping descriptor. 
wctob  Determines if a wide character corresponds to a single-byte multibyte character and returns its multibyte character representation. 
wcstombs  Converts a sequence of wide-character codes corresponding to multibyte characters to a sequence of multibyte characters. 
wctomb  Converts a wide character to its multibyte character representation. 
wctrans  Returns the description of a mapping, corresponding to specified property, that can be later used in a call to towctrans. 
String Manipulation 
atof  Converts a given string to a double-precision number. 
atoi, atol  Converts a given string of ASCII characters to the appropriate numeric values. 
atoll, atoq (Alpha only)  Converts a given string of ASCII characters to an __int64. 
basename  Returns the last component of a path name. 
dirname  Reports the parent directory name of a file path name. 
strcat, strncat, wcscat, wcsncat  Appends one string to the end of another string. 
strchr, strrchr, wcschr, wcsrchr  Returns the address of the first or last occurrence of a given character in a null-terminated string. 
strcmp, strncmp, strcoll, wcscmp, wcsncmp, wcscoll  Compares two character strings and return a negative, zero, or positive integer indicating that the values of the individual characters in the first string are less than, equal to, or greater than the values in the second string. 
strcpy, strncpy, wcscpy, wcsncpy  Copies all or part of one string into another. 
strxfrm, wcsxfrm  Transforms a multibyte string to another string ready for comparisons using the strcmp or wcscmp function. 
strcspn, wcscspn  Searches a string for a character that is in a specified set of characters. 
strlen, wcslen  Returns the length of a string of characters. The returned length does not include the terminating null character (\0). 
strpbrk, wcspbrk  Searches a string for the occurrence of one of a specified set of characters. 
strspn, wcsspn  Searches a string for the occurrence of a character that is not in a specified set of characters. 
strstr, wcswcs  Searches a string for the first occurrence of a specified set of characters. 
strtod, wcstod  Converts a given string to a double-precision number. 
strtok, wcstok  Locates text tokens in a given string. 
strtol, wcstol  Converts the initial portion of a string to a signed long integer. 
strtoll, strtoq (Alpha only)  Converts the initial portion of a string to signed __int64. 
strtoul, wcstoul  Converts the initial portion of `a string to an unsigned long integer. 
strtoull, strtouq (Alpha only)  Converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by the pointer to the character string to an unsigned __int64. 
String Handling-Accessing Binary Data 
bcmp  Compares byte strings. 
bcopy  Copies byte strings. 
bzero  Copies nulls into byte strings. 
memchr, wmemchr  Locates the first occurrence of the specified byte within the initial length of the object to be searched. 
memcmp, wmemcmp  Compares two objects byte by byte. 
memcpy, memmove, wmemcpy, wmemmove  Copies a specified number of bytes from one object to another. 
memset, wmemset  Sets a specified number of bytes in a given object to a given value. 
Argument-List Handling- Accessing a Variable-Length Argument List 
va_arg  Returns the next item in the argument list. 
va_count  Returns the number of longwords (VAX only) or quadwords (VAX only) in the argument list. 
va_end  Finishes the va_start session. 
va_ start, va_start_1  Initializes a variable to the beginning of the argument list. 
vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf  Prints formatted output based on an argument list. 


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