Document revision date: 30 March 2001

Part 4
Part 4	OpenVMS Programming Interfaces: Calling a System Routine
Chapter 17
17	Call Format to OpenVMS Routines
17.1	Overview
17.2	Format Heading
17.2.1	Procedure Call Format
17.2.2	JSB Call Format (VAX only)
17.3	Returns Heading
17.3.1	Condition Values Returned in a Register
17.3.2	Other Returned Values
17.3.3	Condition Values Signaled
17.4	Arguments Heading
17.4.1	OpenVMS Usage Entry
17.4.2	Type Entry
17.4.3	Access Entry
17.4.4	Mechanism Entry
17.4.5	Explanatory Text
17.5	Condition Values Returned Heading
17.5.1	Condition Values Returned
17.5.2	Condition Values Returned in an I/O Status Block
17.5.3	Condition Values Returned in a Mailbox
17.5.4	Condition Values Signaled
Chapter 18
18	Basic Calling Standard Conventions
18.1	Hardware Registers
18.1.1	Register Usage for OpenVMS VAX
18.1.2	Register Usage for OpenVMS Alpha
18.1.2.1	Integer Registers
18.1.2.2	Floating-Point Registers
18.2	Stack Usage for Procedures
18.2.1	Stack Procedure Usage for VAX
18.2.1.1	Calling Sequence
18.2.1.2	Call Frames on Return
18.2.2	Stack Procedure Usage for Alpha
18.2.2.1	Fixed-Size Stack Frame
18.2.2.2	Variable-Size Stack Frame
18.3	Procedure Representation
18.4	Argument List
18.5	Argument Passing Mechanisms
18.5.1	Passing Arguments by Value
18.5.2	Passing Arguments by Reference
18.5.3	Passing Arguments by Descriptor
18.6	Passing Scalars as Arguments
18.7	Passing Arrays as Arguments
18.8	Passing Strings as Arguments
18.9	Combinations of Descriptor Class and Data Type
18.10	Return of the Function Value
18.11	Return of the Condition Value
Chapter 19
19	Calling Run-Time Library Routines
19.1	Overview
19.2	Call Instructions
19.2.1	Facility Prefix and Routine Name
19.2.2	The RTL Call Entry
19.2.2.1	JSB Call Entries (VAX Only)
19.2.3	Returns from an RTL Routine
19.2.3.1	Facility Return Status and Condition Value Symbols
19.3	Calling a Library Procedure in VAX MACRO (VAX Only)
19.3.1	VAX MACRO Calling Sequence
19.3.2	VAX MACRO CALLS Instruction Example
19.3.3	VAX MACRO CALLG Instruction Example
19.3.4	VAX MACRO JSB Entry Points
19.3.5	Return Status
19.3.6	Function Return Values in VAX MACRO
19.4	Calling a Library Routine in BLISS
19.4.1	BLISS Calling Sequence
19.4.2	Accessing a Return Status in BLISS
19.4.3	Calling JSB Entry Points from BLISS
Chapter 20
20	Calling System Services
20.1	Overview
20.2	Preserving System Integrity
20.2.1	User Privileges
20.2.2	Resource Quotas
20.2.3	Access Modes
20.3	System Service Call Entry
20.4	System Service Completion
20.4.1	Asynchronous and Synchronous System Services
20.4.2	System Service Resource Wait Mode
20.4.3	Condition Values Returned from System Services
20.4.4	Testing the Condition Value
20.4.5	Special Condition Values Using Symbolic Codes
20.4.6	Testing the Return Condition Value for Assembly Languages
20.4.7	System Messages Generated by Condition Values
20.5	Program Examples with System Service Calls
Chapter 21
21	STARLET Structures and Definitions for C Programmers
21.1	SYS$STARLET_C.TLB Equivalency to STARLETSD.TLB
21.2	NEW STARLET Definitions for C
Part 5
Part 5	I/O, System and Programming Routines
Chapter 22
22	Run-Time Library Input/Output Operations
22.1	Choosing I/O Techniques
22.2	Using SYS$INPUT and SYS$OUTPUT
22.2.1	Default Input and Output Devices
22.2.2	Reading and Writing to Alternate Devices and External Files
22.3	Working with Simple User I/O
22.3.1	Default Devices for Simple I/O
22.3.2	Getting a Line of Input
22.3.3	Getting Several Lines of Input
22.3.4	Writing Simple Output
22.4	Working with Complex User I/O
22.4.1	Compaq DECwindows Motif
22.4.1.1	DECwindows Server Height or Width Exceeding 32767 (VAX Only)
22.4.1.2	SET DISPLAY Used to Create WSA Pseudo Workstation Devices
22.4.2	SMG$ Run-Time Routines
22.4.3	Pasteboards
22.4.3.1	Erasing a Pasteboard
22.4.3.2	Deleting a Pasteboard
22.4.3.3	Setting Screen Dimensions and Background Color
22.4.4	Virtual Displays
22.4.4.1	Creating a Virtual Display
22.4.4.2	Pasting Virtual Displays
22.4.4.3	Rearranging Virtual Displays
22.4.4.4	Removing Virtual Displays
22.4.4.5	Modifying a Virtual Display
22.4.4.6	Using Spawned Subprocesses
22.4.5	Viewports
22.4.6	Writing Text to Virtual Display
22.4.6.1	Positioning the Cursor
22.4.6.2	Writing Data Character by Character
22.4.6.3	Writing Data Line by Line
22.4.6.4	Drawing Lines
22.4.6.5	Deleting Text
22.4.7	Using Menus
22.4.8	Reading Data
22.4.8.1	Reading from a Display
22.4.8.2	Reading from a Virtual Keyboard
22.4.8.3	Reading from the Keypad
22.4.8.4	Reading Composed Input
22.4.9	Controlling Screen Updates
22.4.10	Maintaining Modularity
22.5	Performing Special Input/Output Actions
22.5.1	Using Ctrl/C and Ctrl/Y Interrupts
22.5.2	Detecting Unsolicited Input
22.5.3	Using the Type-Ahead Buffer
22.5.4	Using Echo
22.5.5	Using Timeout
22.5.6	Converting Lowercase to Uppercase
22.5.7	Performing Line Editing and Control Actions
22.5.8	Using Broadcasts
22.5.8.1	Default Handling of Broadcasts
22.5.8.2	How to Create Alternate Broadcast Handlers

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