Document revision date: 19 July 1999
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OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference
Manual
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
NOPGFLSWP
If enabled, NOPGFLSWP disables swapping into page files.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
NPAGEDYN (A,F,G,M)
NPAGEDYN sets the size of the nonpaged dynamic pool in bytes. This
figure is rounded down to an integral number of pages. NPAGEDYN
establishes the initial setting of the nonpaged pool size, but the pool
size can be increased dynamically.
To set a value for this parameter, use AUTOGEN initially, and then
monitor the amount of space actually used with the DCL command SHOW
MEMORY/POOL/FULL.
For the benefit of OpenVMS VAX systems with limited physical memory,
AUTOGEN logs a warning message in its report if NPAGEDYN exceeds 10
percent of physical memory or if NPAGEVIR exceeds 33 percent of
physical memory.
AUTOGEN also limits its own calculated value for NPAGEDYN to 20 percent
of physical memory and limits NPAGEVIR to 50 percent of physical
memory. These calculated values are adequate for most workstations and
systems with 16 or fewer megabytes of physical memory. If your system
requires a larger value, you can override the AUTOGEN calculated values
by setting higher values in MODPARAMS.DAT.
NPAGEVIR (A, G)
NPAGEVIR defines the maximum size to which NPAGEDYN can be increased.
If this value is too small, the system can hang. If NPAGEVIR is too
large, the result is a penalty of 4 bytes per extra page on VAX and 8
bytes per extra page on Alpha.
For the benefit of OpenVMS VAX systems with limited physical memory,
AUTOGEN logs a warning message in its report if NPAGEDYN exceeds 10
percent of physical memory or if NPAGEVIR exceeds 33 percent of
physical memory.
AUTOGEN also limits its own calculated value for NPAGEDYN to 20 percent
of physical memory, and limits NPAGEVIR to 50 percent of physical
memory. These calculated values are adequate for most workstations and
systems with 16 or fewer megabytes of physical memory. If your system
requires a larger value, you can override the AUTOGEN calculated values
by setting higher values in MODPARAMS.DAT.
NPAG_AGGRESSIVE (D)
(Alpha only) NPAG_AGGRESSIVE is the percentage of packets on a nonpaged
pool lookaside list that remain after the list is trimmed during
aggressive reclamation.
NPAG_BAP_MAX
(Alpha only) NPAG_BAP_MAX is the maximum of bus addressable pool sizes
requested.
NPAG_BAP_MAX_PA
(Alpha only) NPAG_BAP_MAX_PA is the smallest of the maximum bus
addressable pool physical addresses requested.
NPAG_BAP_MIN
(Alpha only) NPAG_BAP_MIN is the minimum of bus addressable pool sizes
requested.
NPAG_BAP_MIN_PA
(Alpha only) NPAG_BAP_MIN_PA specifies the lowest physical address
allowed within a bus addressable pool.
NPAG_GENTLE (D)
(Alpha only) NPAG_GENTLE is the percentage of packets on a nonpaged
pool lookaside list remaining after the list is trimmed during gentle
reclamation.
NPAG_INTERVAL (D)
(Alpha only) NPAG_INTERVAL is the number of seconds between passes of
nonpaged pool gentle reclamation.
NPAG_RING_SIZE
(Alpha only) NPAG_RING_SIZE represents the number of entries in the
ring buffer.
PAGEDYN (A,F,G,M)
PAGEDYN sets the size of the paged dynamic pool in bytes. The specified
value is rounded down to an integral number of pages. Each page of
paged dynamic pool adds 8 bytes of permanently resident memory to the
system page table; the paged dynamic pool has no other direct memory
requirements.
The paged dynamic pool is used to allocate storage for shared logical
names, resident image headers, known file list entries, and RMS
file-sharing structures. Substantial amounts of space for the pool can
be overallocated with little effect on system performance.
The size of the paged pool can grow dynamically up to the maximum size
that this parameter specifies.
PAGFILCNT (G)
PAGFILCNT defines the maximum number of page files that can be
installed.
PAGTBLPFC
PAGTBLPFC specifies (in pages) the maximum number of page tables to
read to satisfy a fault for a nonresident page table.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
PAMAXPORT (D)
PAMAXPORT specifies the maximum port number to be polled on each CI and
DSSI. The CI and DSSI port drivers poll to discover newly initialized
ports or the absence/failure of previously responding remote ports.
A system does not detect the existence of ports whose port numbers are
higher than this parameter's value. Thus, set this parameter to a value
that is equal to or greater than the highest port number being used on
any CI or DSSI connected to the system.
You can decrease this parameter to reduce polling activity if the
hardware configuration has fewer than 16 ports. For example, if the CI
or DSSI with the largest configuration has a total of 5 ports assigned
to port numbers 0 through 4, you could set PAMAXPORT to 4.
If CI or DSSI devices are not configured on your system, this parameter
is ignored.
The default for this parameter is 15 (poll for all possible ports 0
through 15). Compaq recommends that you set this parameter to the same
value on each cluster computer.
PANOPOLL (D)
Disables CI and DSSI polling for ports if set to 1. (The default is 0.)
When PANOPOLL is set, a computer does not discover that another
computer has shut down or powered down promptly and does not discover a
new computer that has booted. This parameter is useful when you want to
bring up a computer detached from the rest of the cluster for checkout
purposes.
PANOPOLL is functionally equivalent to uncabling the system from the
DSSI or star coupler. This parameter does not affect OpenVMS Cluster
communications by LAN.
The default value of 0 is the normal setting and is required if you are
booting from an HSC controller or if your system is joining an OpenVMS
Cluster. This parameter is ignored if no CI or DSSI devices are
configured on your system.
PANUMPOLL (D)
PANUMPOLL establishes the number of CI and DSSI ports to be polled each
polling interval. The normal setting for PANUMPOLL is 16.
On systems with less powerful CPUs, the parameter may be useful in
applications sensitive to the amount of contiguous time that the system
spends at IPL 8. Reducing PANUMPOLL reduces the amount of time spent at
IPL 8 during each polling interval, while increasing the number of
polling intervals needed to discover new or failed ports.
If CI or DSSI devices are not configured on your system, this parameter
is ignored.
PAPOLLINTERVAL (D)
Specifies, in seconds, the polling interval the CI port driver uses to
poll for a newly booted computer, a broken port-to-port virtual
circuit, or a failed remote computer.
This parameter trades polling overhead against quick response to
virtual circuit failures. Compaq recommends that you use the default
value for this parameter.
Compaq recommends that you set this parameter to the same value on each
cluster computer.
PAPOOLINTERVAL (D)
Specifies, in seconds, the interval at which the port driver checks
available nonpaged pool after a pool allocation failure.
This parameter trades faster response to pool allocation failures
against increased polling overhead. Compaq recommends that you use the
default value for this parameter.
If CI or DSSI devices are not configured on your system, this parameter
is ignored.
PASANITY (D)
PASANITY controls whether the CI and DSSI port sanity timers are
enabled to permit remote systems to detect a system that has been hung
at IPL 8 or above for 100 seconds. It also controls whether virtual
circuit checking gets enabled on the local system. The TIMVCFAIL
parameter controls the time (1-99 seconds).
PASANITY is normally set to 1 and should be set to 0 only when you are
debugging with XDELTA or planning to halt the CPU for periods of 100
seconds or more.
PASANITY is only semidynamic. A new value of PASANITY takes effect on
the next CI or DSSI port reinitialization.
If CI or DSSI devices are not configured on your system, this parameter
is ignored.
PASTDGBUF (A)
The number of datagram receive buffers to queue initially for the
cluster port driver's configuration poller. The initial value is
expanded during system operation, if needed.
Memory Channel devices ignore this parameter.
PASTIMOUT (D)
The basic interval at which the CI port driver wakes up to perform
time-based bookkeeping operations. It is also the period after which a
timeout is declared if no response to a start handshake datagram has
been received.
If CI or DSSI devices are not configured on your system, this parameter
is ignored.
The default value should always be adequate.
PE*
PE1, PE2, PE3, PE4, PE5, PE6 are reserved for Compaq use only. These
parameters are for cluster algorithms and their usages can change from
release to release. Compaq recommends using the default values for
these special parameters.
PFCDEFAULT (A,D)
On VAX systems during execution of programs, PFCDEFAULT controls the
number of image pages read from disk per I/O operation when a page
fault occurs. The PFCDEFAULT maximum default value is 127 512-byte
pages.
On Alpha systems during execution of programs, PFCDEFAULT controls the
number of image pagelets read from disk per I/O operation when a page
fault occurs. The PFCDEFAULT maximum default value is 2032 512-byte
pagelets (127 8192-byte Alpha pages).
The read I/O operations can take place from an image file or from the
page file. The actual size of the cluster can be less than PFCDEFAULT,
depending on the size of image sections and the pattern of page
references.
The value should not be greater than one-fourth the default size of the
average working set to prevent a single page fault from displacing a
major portion of a working set. Too large a value for PFCDEFAULT can
hurt system performance. PFCDEFAULT can be overridden on an
image-by-image basis with the CLUSTER option of the OpenVMS linker.
PFN_COLOR_COUNT
(Alpha only) PFN_COLOR_COUNT specifies the number of buckets (colors)
into which all members of the zeroed page list and all unencumbered
members of the free page list are sorted. OpenVMS Alpha systems might
derive a preferred page color from a request to map a given virtual
page and attempt to map that virtual page to a PFN of matching
"color." This results in less variance in which cache blocks
are used when accessing that page. This might or might not improve
performance, depending on the application.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so. If
you increase this parameter, you must also increase the ZERO_LIST_HI
system parameter.
PFRATH (A on Alpha,D,M)
PFRATH specifies the page fault rate above which the limit of a working
set is automatically increased. The unit of measure is the number of
faults per 10 seconds of processor time. At a setting of 120, for
example, the system automatically increases the limit of a working set
if it is faulting more than 120 pages per 10 seconds. Decreasing the
value of this parameter tends to increase the limits of the working
sets, while increasing its value tends to decrease their limits.
On VAX systems, the default value is 120 page faults every 10 seconds.
On Alpha systems, the default value is 8 page faults every 10 seconds.
PFRATL (A,D,M)
PFRATL specifies the page fault rate below which the limit of a working
set is automatically decreased. The unit of measure is the number of
faults per 10 seconds of processor time. At a setting of 1, for
example, the system automatically decreases the limit of a working set
if it is faulting less than 1 page every 10 seconds.
Increasing the value of this parameter tends to decrease the limits of
the working sets, while decreasing its value tends to increase their
limits.
PHYSICAL_MEMORY (A)
(Alpha only) PHYSICAL_MEMORY specifies the amount of physical memory
available for use. The default setting is --1, which equates to all
memory in the system. Decreasing this parameter allows you to test
smaller configurations of memory without having to remove memory boards.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
PHYSICALPAGES (A)
(VAX only) PHYSICALPAGES sets the maximum number of physical pages of
memory to be used on the system. Decreasing this parameter allows you
to test smaller configurations of memory without the need to remove
memory boards.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
PIOPAGES (A,D)
PIOPAGES specifies the size of the process I/O segment, which holds
data structures and buffer pool space for RMS to use when it handles
I/O that involves process-permanent files. Once PIOPAGES is reset in
SYSGEN, any new process receives the changed value.
Beginning with OpenVMS Version 7.2, the default value has been raised
to 575. The setting has been raised to accommodate the increased
demands for process-permanent memory that result from changes made to
RMS file-naming parsing in Version 7.2.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
PIXSCAN (A,D)
PIXSCAN specifies the number of process index slots scanned each second
for computable or computable-outswapped processes. These processes
receive an automatic priority boost for 1 quantum, unless the priority
of the currently executing process is greater than 15. The priority
boost is done to avoid potential deadlocks on the system.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
POOLCHECK (D)
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
POOLCHECK is used to investigate frequent and inexplicable failures in
a system. When POOLCHECK is enabled, pool-checking routines execute
whenever pool is deallocated or allocated.
Two loadable forms of SYSTEM_PRIMITIVES.EXE are available at boot time.
The default image, which contains no pool-checking code and no
statistics maintenance, is loaded when POOLCHECK is set to zero. When
POOLCHECK is set to a nonzero value, the monitoring version of
SYSTEM_PRIMITIVES.EXE, which contains both pool-checking code and
statistics maintenance, is loaded.
Setting the SYSTEM_CHECK parameter to 1 has the effect of setting
POOLCHECK to ON (1).
For further information about pool checking, refer to the OpenVMS VAX Device Support Manual
1 or Writing OpenVMS Alpha Device Drivers in C1.
POOLPAGING
POOLPAGING enables (1) paging of pageable dynamic pool.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
POWEROFF (D)
POWEROFF enables or disables software requests to the console firmware
to remove power from the system. This parameter should normally be
turned ON (1) to allow software to make power-off requests. However,
POWEROFF can be set to OFF (0) to disable software power-off requests.
If firmware or hardware support for the power-off request is not
implemented, the shut-down procedure will leave the system halted but
fully powered.
PQL_DASTLM (D,G)
PQL_DASTLM sets the default limit on the number of pending ASTs for a
process created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the
DCL command RUN (Process).
PQL_DBIOLM (D,G)
PQL_DBIOLM sets the default buffered I/O count limit for the number of
outstanding buffered I/O operations permitted to a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_DBYTLM (D,G)
PQL_DBYTLM sets the default buffered I/O byte count limit for the
amount of buffered space available to a process created by the Create
Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN (Process).
PQL_DCPULM (D,G)
PQL_DCPULM sets the default CPU time limit for a process created by the
Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process). PQL_DCPULM specifies the time limit in increments of 10
milliseconds.
The default value of 0 imposes no limit on CPU time usage and is
typically the correct value for this parameter.
PQL_DDIOLM (D,G)
PQL_DDIOLM sets the default direct I/O limit for a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_DENQLM (D,G)
PQL_DENQLM sets the default enqueue limit for a process created by the
Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_DFILLM (D,G)
PQL_DFILLM sets the default open file limit for a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_DJTQUOTA (D)
PQL_DJTQUOTA sets the default job table byte count quota for a process
created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL
command RUN (Process). PQL_DJTQUOTA specifies the number of bytes of
paged pool allocated to the job table. The default value is usually
adequate, unless a large number of job logical names or temporary
mailboxes are used.
PQL_DPGFLQUOTA (A on VAX,D,G)
PQL_DPGFLQUOTA sets the default page file quota for a process created
by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process). Compaq recommends that this parameter not be smaller than
the PQL_DWSEXTENT parameter.
PQL_DPRCLM (D,G)
PQL_DPRCLM sets the default subprocess limit for a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_DTQELM (D,G)
PQL_DTQELM sets the default number of timer queue entries for a process
created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL
command RUN (Process).
PQL_DWSDEFAULT (A,G)
PQL_DWSDEFAULT sets the default working set size for a process created
by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_DWSEXTENT (A,D,G)
PQL_DWSEXTENT sets the default working set extent for a process created
by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_DWSQUOTA (A,D,G)
PQL_DWSQUOTA sets the default working set quota for a process created
by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_MASTLM (D,G)
PQL_MASTLM sets a default limit on the minimum number of pending ASTs
for a process created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or
the DCL command RUN (Process).
PQL_MBIOLM (D,G)
PQL_MBIOLM sets the minimum buffered I/O limit for a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_MBYTLM (D,G)
PQL_MBYTLM sets the minimum buffered I/O byte limit for a process
created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL
command RUN (Process).
PQL_MCPULM (D,G)
PQL_MCPULM sets the minimum CPU time limit in increments of 10
milliseconds for a process created by the Create Process ($CREPRC)
system service or the DCL command RUN (Process).
PQL_MDIOLM (D,G)
PQL_MDIOLM sets the minimum direct I/O limit for a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_MENQLM (D,G)
PQL_MENQLM sets the default limit on the minimum number of locks that
can be queued at one time by a process created by the Create Process
($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN (Process).
PQL_MFILLM (D,G)
PQL_MFILLM sets the minimum open file limit for a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_MJTQUOTA (D)
PQL_MJTQUOTA sets the minimum job table byte count quota for a process
created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL
command RUN (Process).
PQL_MPGFLQUOTA (A on VAX,D,G)
On VAX systems, PQL_MPGFLQUOTA sets the minimum page file quota for a
process created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the
DCL command RUN (Process). Compaq recommends that this parameter be no
smaller than PQL_MWSEXTENT.
On Alpha systems, PQL_MPGFLQUOTA sets the minimum pagelet file quota
for a process created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or
the DCL command RUN (Process).
PQL_MPRCLM (D,G)
PQL_MPRCLM sets the minimum subprocess limit for a process created by
the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
PQL_MTQELM (D,G)
PQL_MTQELM sets the minimum number of timer queue entries for a process
created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL
command RUN (Process).
PQL_MWSDEFAULT (A,G)
PQL_MWSDEFAULT sets the minimum default working set size for a process
created by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL
command RUN (Process).
This value overrides a smaller quantity that is set for a user in
AUTHORIZE.
PQL_MWSEXTENT (A,D,G)
PQL_MWSEXTENT sets the minimum working set extent for a process created
by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
This value overrides a smaller quantity set for a user in AUTHORIZE.
PQL_MWSQUOTA (A,D,G)
PQL_MWSQUOTA sets the minimum working set quota for a process created
by the Create Process ($CREPRC) system service or the DCL command RUN
(Process).
This value overrides a smaller quantity set for a user in AUTHORIZE.
PRCPOLINTERVAL (A on Alpha,D)
PRCPOLINTERVAL specifies, in seconds, the polling interval used to look
for Systems Communications Services (SCS) applications, such as the
connection manager and mass storage control protocol disks, on other
nodes. All discovered nodes are polled during each interval.
This parameter trades polling overhead against quick recognition of new
systems or servers as they appear.
PRIORITY_OFFSET
PRIORITY_OFFSET specifies the difference in priority required by the
scheduler for one process to preempt the current process. A value of 2,
for example, means that if the current process is executing at priority
1, a computable process at priority 2 or 3 is not allowed to preempt
the current process. However, a priority 4 or higher process can
preempt the current process. This mechanism affects only normal
priority (0-15) processes. The default value is 0.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
PROCSECTCNT (A,G)
PROCSECTCNT sets the number of section descriptors that a process can
contain. Each section descriptor increases the fixed portion of the
process header by 32 bytes.
Set a value greater than the maximum number of image sections in any
section to be run, as indicated by the linkage memory allocation map
for the image.
PSEUDOLOA
(VAX only) PSEUDOLOA specifies (in pages) the size of the PDA0 system
image. PSEUDOLOA is used to boot standalone BACKUP from magnetic tape.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
PU_OPTIONS
PU_OPTIONS is reserved for Compaq use only.
QBUS_MULT_INTR
(VAX only) QBUS_MULT_INTR enables (1) multilevel interrupt dispatching
on systems that use the Q22-bus adapter. Refer to the OpenVMS VAX Device Support Manual
1 for more information about the QBUS_MULT_INTR system
parameter.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
QDSKINTERVAL
QDSKINTERVAL establishes, in seconds, the disk quorum polling interval.
The default value is 3.
QDSKVOTES
QDSKVOTES specifies the number of votes contributed by a quorum disk in
a cluster.
QUANTUM (A on Alpha,D,M)
QUANTUM defines the following:
- Processor time: maximum amount of processor time a process can
receive before control passes to another process of equal priority that
is ready to compute
- Balance set residency: minimum amount of service a compute-state
process must receive before being swapped out to secondary storage
REALTIME_SPTS (D,G,M)
(VAX only) REALTIME_SPTS reserves a number of system page table entries
for mapping connect-to-interrupt processes into system space. This
value should normally remain at the default (0) in an environment that
is not real-time. Where connect-to-interrupt processes do use the
system, this value should represent the maximum number of pages that
all concurrent connect-to-interrupt processes must map into system
space. See the OpenVMS VAX Device Support Manual 1 for details.
RECNXINTERVAL (A on Alpha,D)
RECNXINTERVAL establishes the polling interval, in seconds, during
which to attempt reconnection to a remote system.
RESALLOC
RESALLOC controls whether resource allocation checking is performed.
The default value of 0 disables resource allocation checking.
This special parameter is used by Compaq and is subject to change. Do
not change this parameter unless Compaq recommends that you do so.
RESHASHTBL (A,F,M)
RESHASHTBL defines the number of entries in the lock management
resource name hash table. Each entry requires 4 bytes. A typical tuning
goal is to have the RESHASHTBL parameter about four times larger than
the total number of resources in use on the system. Managers of systems
with memory constraints or systems that are not critically dependent on
locking speed could set the table to a smaller size.
RJOBLIM (D)
RJOBLIM defines the maximum number of remote terminals allowed in the
system at any one time.
RMS_DFMBC (A,D)
RMS_DFMBC specifies a default multiblock count only for record I/O
operations, where count is the number of blocks to be
allocated for each I/O buffer.
You can set this system parameter with the DCL command SET
RMS_DEFAULT/SYSTEM and display the parameter with SHOW RMS_DEFAULT.
RMS_DFMBFIDX (A,D)
RMS_DFMBFIDX establishes the default RMS multibuffer count for indexed
sequential disk operations. This value defines the number of I/O
buffers that RMS allocates for each indexed file. For sequential
access, a larger number that allows some of the index buckets to remain
in memory can improve performance.
You can set this system parameter with the DCL command SET
RMS_DEFAULT/SYSTEM and display the parameter with SHOW RMS_DEFAULT.
RMS_DFMBFREL (A,D)
RMS_DFMBFREL establishes the default RMS multibuffer count for relative
disk operations. This value defines the number of I/O buffers that RMS
allocates for each relative file.
Note
1 This manual has been archived but is
available in PostScript and DECW$BOOK (Bookreader) formats on the
OpenVMS Documentation CD-ROM. Printed books can be ordered through
DECdirect (800-354-4825).
1 This manual has been archived but is
available in PostScript and DECW$BOOK (Bookreader) formats on the
OpenVMS Documentation CD-ROM. A printed book can be ordered through
DECdirect (800-354-4825).
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