path: Specifies the location of a file within the directory structure. For example, to specify the path of a file in the WINDOWS directory on drive C, a user types C:\WINDOWS\.

path name: A path that ends in a file name. A path specifies a directory; a path name specifies a file. For example, to specify the path name of a file named README.WRI located in the WINDOWS directory on drive C, a user types C:\WINDOWS\README.WRI.

pause: To suspend a service. When a service is paused, current requests are not stopped, but new requests are not allowed.

PC: Personal computer. See client.

permissions: Settings that define the type of access a user has, and the actions a user can take, with regard to specific objects. Permissions apply to these types of objects: shares, printers, directories and the files in them. Special access combines permissions for directory and file access.

personal computer: See client.

port: A connection or socket used to connect a device, such as a printer, monitor, or modem, to a computer.

primary domain controller (PDC): The server that maintains the master copy of the domain's user accounts database. The primary domain controller also validates logon requests. Contrast with backup domain controller.

printer driver: A program that controls how a computer and printer interact. See also device driver.

printer fonts: Fonts that are built into a printer. These fonts are usually located in the printer's read-only memory (ROM).

printer queue: A list of print jobs waiting to be sent to a printer or pool of printers.

priority level: An attribute assigned to each printer queue that determines which job is processed first when several queues are trying to access the same printer at the same time.

privilege: See user privilege.

privilege level: A characteristic of a user group that defines the range of actions that members can perform on the network. See also permissions.

Product Authorization Key (PAK): The vehicle for delivering Compaq product licenses. A PAK authorizes the use of the licensed software, identifies the license type, and represents either one or multiple licenses.

profile: See user profile.

program file: A file that starts an application or program.

program group: A collection of applications on a PC. Grouping applications makes them easier to find when a user wants to start them.

program-item icon: An application, accessory, or document represented as an icon in a group window on a PC.

protocol: A set of rules that governs the format and timing of messages sent and received over a communications link. For example, DECnet and TCP/IP are network protocols. See also transport.

radio button: In a dialog box, an indicator that the user can select or clear, where only one selection is allowed. Contrast with check box.

record management services (RMS): An OpenVMS file management system that offers more sophisticated features than the default system. RMS supports three forms of file organization and three forms of file access. See also on-disk structure.

refresh: To update displayed information with current data.

Registry server: The OpenVMS Registry server controls all OpenVMS Registry operations, such as creating and backing up the OpenVMS Registry database, and creating, displaying, modifying, or deleting keys and values. See also OpenVMS Registry.

remote administration: Administration of one computer by an administrator logged on at another computer that is connected to the first computer across the network.

remote boot: The process by which a client's operating system is loaded and started remotely from a server's disk. Contrast with local boot.

Remote Boot service: A LAN Manager service that provides software support for starting workstations over the local area network.

remote computer: A server or workstation that is available over the network. Contrast with local computer.

remote procedure call (RPC): A call from a distributed application for services available on various computers in a network. An RPC is used during remote administration of computers.

replication: See directory replication.

resource: Any disk drive or directory, printer, modem, image scanner, or other object that a server can share over a network. See also shared resource.

revision level: A revision identifier that is built into many Advanced Server structures, such as security descriptors and access control lists (ACLs). This identifier enables a structure to be passed between systems or stored on disk even though it is expected to change in the future.

rights: Authorization of a user to perform certain actions on the system. Rights apply to users and groups on a system-wide basis and are different from permissions, which apply to specific objects. Contrast with permissions.

SAM: Security accounts manager. An Advanced Server protected subsystem that maintains the server database. Includes security information (such as user account names and passwords) and the settings of the security policies.

scroll: To move through text or graphics (up, down, left, or right) to see parts of the file that cannot fit on the screen.

scroll bar: A bar that appears at the right or bottom edge of a window or list box that enables users to view contents that are not completely visible. See also scroll.

security: A method of controlling access to network resources.

security ID (SID): A unique value that identifies a user to the security system. Security IDs (SIDs) can identify one user or a group of users. Server SIDs identify servers within the network, enabling the network to recognize the primary domain controller.

security log: A file that records security events. See also event.

security policies: A selection of security models. For an Advanced Server domain, the security policies consist of the Account, User Rights, Audit, and Trust Relationships policies.

security token: See access token.

separator page: One or more cover sheets generated before a print job; also called a banner page.

server: A computer on the network that provides access to resources such as files, printers, and communications devices. Contrast with client.

server configuration parameters: Parameter names used by the Advanced Server to define certain aspects of the server configuration. The Advanced Server for OpenVMS server configuration parameters are stored in the OpenVMS Registry. Previous versions of the server software --- for example, PATHWORKS for OpenVMS servers --- use the LANMAN.INI file to store server parameters.

Server service: The Advanced Server software component that enables a computer to share resources on the network and that provides administrators with tools for controlling and monitoring resource use.

server-based license: A license assigned on a first-come, first-served basis that allows a client to access the resident file server only. Often referred to as a "concurrent use" license. Contrast with client-based license.

services: The main components of the server software. The basic service is the server service, which allows a computer to share network resources.

session: A link between a workstation and a server. A session consists of one or more connections to shared resources. Contrast with connection.

share name: The name of a shared resource.

share permissions: Information the user can specify to control the type of access that the user or group has to all files and directories residing on that share. See also directory access permissions and special access permissions.

share-level security: In LAN Manager, a type of security that limits access to each shared resource by requiring a password. Permissions are assigned to the resource rather than to the user. See also permissions and user-level security.

shared directory: A directory to which network users can connect.

shared network directory: See shared directory.

shared resource: Any device, data, or program that is used by more than one other device or program. For the Advanced Server, shared resources refer to any resources that are made available to network users, such as directories, files, and printers.

SID: See security ID.

SNMP Service: A service that allows a server to report its current status to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) or a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network.

source directory: The directory that contains the file or files that a user intends to copy or move. Contrast with destination directory.

special access permissions: A combination of individual permissions that can be set on files and directories. See also directory access permissions and share permissions.

standalone license server: The configuration of software that includes the license server without the file servers. Contrast with file server.

standalone logon: A logon request that is not validated by a logon server. In domains without logon security, each logon request is granted standalone logon. In domains with logon security, a logon request with a user name not found in the domain's user accounts database is granted standalone logon. See also logon security and logon server.

standalone server: A server that has its own user accounts database and does not participate in logon security.

status bar: A line of information related to the application in the window, usually located at the bottom of a window.

subdirectory: An entity that groups files within a directory or subdirectory. See also directory.

syntax: The order in which a user must type a command and the elements that follow the command. Advanced Server commands can have the following elements: command name, parameters, qualifiers, keywords, and values.

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A network transport. Also a set of protocols that governs the transport of information between computers and networks of dissimilar types. See also transport.

time server: The computer with which other computers on the network synchronize their system time. For Advanced Server, a server designated to run the TimeSource service for its domain.

token: See access token.

transport: The software feature that allows OpenVMS systems to communicate using protocols. See also protocol.

trust relationship: Links between domains that enable pass-through authentication, in which a user has a user account in one domain, yet can access resources in another domain.

Universal Naming Convention (UNC): A standard way of representing a network path. The server name is preceded by two backslashes and followed by one backslash and the sharename, along with a path name; for example, \\SERVER\SHARE1\SHARE2.

Upgrade utility: An Advanced Server utility for upgrading server information from PATHWORKS V5 for OpenVMS (LAN Manager) to PATHWORKS V6 for OpenVMS (Advanced Server).

user account: A record on a server or in a domain that contains information about authorized users. See also global account and local account.

user accounts database: The file that contains the user accounts and groups that have been established. The user accounts database is used in logon validation. See also logon validation.

user default profile: The user profile that is loaded by a server when a user's assigned profile cannot be accessed, such as when a user without an assigned profile logs on to the computer for the first time, or when a user logs on to the Guest account.

user-level security: A type of security in which a user account is set up for each user. Permissions are granted to each user for specific resources, defining exactly what actions each user can take with each resource. See also permissions and share-level security.

user name: The user account name a user types when logging on to the system.

user privilege: An OpenVMS security mechanism that defines the type of access users have to a file or directory. See also permissions and privilege level.

user profile: The set of information that describes a user's operating environment, including workstation name, logon hours, and default path.

user rights: Definition of the access rights that users have to server resources.

User Rights policy: A method for managing the assignment of rights to groups and user accounts. See also rights.

virtual memory: Space on a hard disk that the operating system uses as if it were actually memory.

virtual printer memory: In a PostScript printer, a part of memory that stores font information.

WAN: Wide area network. A network configuration that covers an extended geographical area. A WAN consists of multiple LANs. Contrast with LAN.

Windows NT: The network operating system from Microsoft that replaces DOS and that can act as a server as well as a client.

WINS: Windows Internet Name Service, a service that registers and resolves names for NetBIOS clients on TCP/IP to dynamic addresses assigned by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

workgroup: A collection of computers that are grouped for viewing purposes. Each workgroup is identified by a unique name. See also domain.

workstation: A personal computer or client in the network. For example, Windows NT computers are called workstations.