This appendix contains the worksheets for you to use in the planning process before you attempt to configure the TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product. Read Chapter 5 for information on how to fill out the worksheets.

Complete a worksheet for each system installation. The worksheets will also serve as documentation that can help you if you need to reconstruct your original TCP/IP configuration.

Figure C-1 Network Interface Configuration Worksheet

Figure C-2 Routing Configuration Worksheet

Figure C-3 BIND Configuration Worksheet

Figure C-4 BOOTP Configuration Worksheet

Figure C-5 DHCP Server Parameters

Figure C-6 DHCP Client Parameters Worksheet

Figure C-7 SLIP Configuration Worksheet

Figure C-8 PPP Configuration Worksheet

Figure C-9 NTP Configuration Worksheet

Figure C-10 SNMP Configuration Worksheet

This glossary defines terms that explain the features and operation of the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product.

G.1 Definitions

absolute path name: A path name that starts with a slash (/); specifies a file that can be found by starting at the root of the file system and traversing the file tree.

absolute time: A specific date or time of day; specified in the following format: [dd-mmm-yyyy] [:hh:mm:ss:cc].

abstract syntax: The description of a data structure that is independent of host structures or codes.

Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): The language used by ISO protocols for describing abstract syntax. Most notable use in TCP/IP is for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The rules of ASN.1 are independent of the encoding techniques used to represent them.

access control information: A character string with login information that validates connect or login at a remote host.

access control list (ACL): A list that defines the kinds of access to be granted or denied to users.

access rights: A set of privileges that determines what users can do.

ACK: See acknowledgment.

acknowledgment (ACK): A type of message sent to indicate that a block of data arrived at its destination without error. A control bit (acknowledgment flag) in the TCP header indicates that the acknowledgment number field is significant for each segment in a packet.

ACL: See access control list.

ACP: See ancillary control process.

active port: A port that is bound to a process.

address: A number or group of numbers that uniquely identifies a network node within its own network or internet. (See also IP address and hardware address.)

address mask: A 32-bit value used to identify which bits in an IP address correspond to the network and subnet portions of the address.

address resolution: The process of relating an IP address to a hardware address, when both refer to the same device, for example, conversion of an IP address into the corresponding Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI hardware address. This may require broadcasting on a local network. See also Address Resolution Protocol.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) : The TCP/IP protocol that dynamically binds an IP address to a hardware address such as an Ethernet or FDDI address; limited to physical network systems that support broadcast packets that can be heard by all hosts on a single, physical network. See also proxy ARP.

addressing: The function that ensures that network systems are correctly identified at all times.

addressing authority: The authority, such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), responsible for assigning Network Interface layer addresses within an addressing domain.

addressing domain: A level in a hierarchy of Network Interface layer addresses.

adjacency: A single connection to an adjacent node; collection of state information representing a node in the local node's routing databases.

A relationship formed between selected neighboring routers for the purpose of exchanging routing information. Not every pair of neighboring routers becomes adjacent.

adjacency address: An address that identifies a local subnet access point and a subnet address of an adjacent system.

adjacent nodes: The nodes with direct lines between them; can communicate without an intermediate system. For example, all nodes on an Ethernet LAN are adjacent to each other.

administrative domain: A group of hosts, routers, and networks operated and managed by a single organization. Routing within an administrative domain is based on a consistent technical plan. An administrative domain is viewed from the outside, for purposes of routing, as a cohesive entity, of which the internal structure is unimportant. Information passed by other administrative domains is trusted less than information from one's own administrative domain.

advertisement lifetime: A field in the Router Discovery Protocol router advertisement message that indicates how long advertisement addresses are valid. A lifetime of zero indicates that one or more addresses are no longer valid.

aged packet: A data packet that is discarded because it exceeded the maximum number of hops while being forwarded through the network.

agent: A system that acts on behalf of another system. (1) Client/server model: Part of the system that initiates, prepares, and exchanges information preparation on behalf of a client or server application. (2) Network management: Portion of an entity that responds to management requests and/or preprogrammed trap.

agent access module: The portion of an agent responsible for the agent's end of SNMP.

agent access point: The instance of a connection between a client or director and a server or agent.

agent address: An address that specifies the information needed by a director to establish communications with the agent's management interface.

agent attributes: The attributes maintained by the agent. The attributes do not cross the internal management interface.

aggregate throughput: See throughput.

alias: A name, usually easy to remember, that is translated from a different name, usually difficult to remember. Most often used as an optional alternate name for a host. See also host name.

alias node identifier: An optional node name used by some or all nodes in an OpenVMS cluster: allows them to be treated as one node.

alternate address notation: The internet address notation that conveys the same information as the common notation, but consists of two parts: network and host.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI): The organization that coordinates U.S. standards in many areas, including computers and communications.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): The standard character set that assigns an octal sequence to each letter, number, and selected control characters.

ancillary control process (ACP): The process that acts as an interface between user software and an I/O driver. The process provides functions supplementary to those performed in the driver, such as file and directory management.

anonymous (FTP): A convention of the File Transfer Protocol that allows a user who does not have explicit authorization to transfer files to and from a host without the need for an account and password. The user usually logs in with a generic user ID and an e-mail address as password.

ANSI: See American National Standard Institute.

API: See Application Programming Interface.

application: A program that provides functionality for end users of systems.

Application layer: The top-most layer in the Internet architecture model where the user interacts with an application such as Network File Service (NFS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and mail.

application process: A part of a distributed application running on a single host.

Application Programming Interface (API): A standardized set of routines that makes system functions available to programmers.

architecture: The structure of a system, a description of which can be used to recreate the system.

ARP: See Address Resolution Protocol.

ASCII: See American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

assigned numbers: The numbers officially assigned as part of the Internet standards.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): The method for dynamic allocation of bandwidth using a fixed-size packet (called a cell). Also known as fast packet.

asynchronous transmission: The mode of transmission in which the time intervals between character transmissions differ. Each character is surrounded by start and stop bits to allow the receiving device to recognize the beginning and end of each character (also called start-stop transmission).

ATM: See Asynchronous Transfer Mode.

attribute: The controllable or observable part of an entity; a variable that network managers and applications programmers can manipulate for optimal performance.

attribute group: A named collection of attributes grouped together, such as all information relating to errors.

authentication: Verification of the identity of a person or process attempting to access a system.

authentication server: The software that searches the proxy database for valid user and group identification for remote personal computer users and returns them to PC-NFS.

authority: A name server is said to have authority for a zone. That is, the name server has complete information about a part of a domain space for which the name server is consider to be the authority. A name server may be the authority for one or more zones. Authority for a domain space may be delegated to one or more zones.

authoritative answer: In response to an nslookup or a resolver query, an answer is an authoritative answer if a server queries the authority for the zone and returns the answer. A server returns a nonauthoritative answer when the server's answer comes from its own cache.

autonomous confederation: A group of independent computer systems that trust each other regarding routing and reachability information; members believe information provided by other members in preference to information received from systems that are not part of the confederation.

autonomous system: A collection of networks controlled by one administrative authority. The gateways within this system are expected to trust one another and to share and update routing information among themselves by any mutually agreeable protocol. A core gateway must also be designated to share routing information with other autonomous systems by means of an External Gateway Protocol. See also External Gateway Protocol.

A set of routers under a single technical administration, using an interior gateway protocol and common metrics to route packets within the AS, and using an exterior gateway protocol to route packets to other ASs. Since this classic definition was developed, it has become common for a single AS to use several interior gateway protocols and sometimes several sets of metrics within an AS.

The use of the term "autonomous system" stresses that even when multiple internal gateway protocols and metrics are used, the administration of an AS appears to other ASs to have a single coherent interior routing plan and presents a consistent picture of what networks are reachable through it. The AS is represented by a number between 1 and 65534, assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.

automounting: The process of mounting NFS file systems on an as-needed basis. The NFS file system automatically unmounts after a period of inactivity on the file system (The default is 5 minutes.). You specify file systems to be automounted in the automounts map file.

auxiliary server: The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software that runs as a background process and listens for incoming requests for services. When it receives a request, it runs the appropriate server application; includes inetd, security, and logging options.

availability: The proportion of time a specific piece of equipment, system, or network is usable, compared to the total time it is expected to be.

backbone: The primary connectivity mechanism of a hierarchical distributed system. Usually a high-speed high-performance network that links together other networks into an internetwork. All systems with connectivity to an intermediate system on the backbone will connect to each other. This does not prevent systems from setting up private arrangements with each other to bypass the backbone for reasons of cost, performance, or security.

background mounting: In the UNIX environment, the default mount option is to retry remote mount requests in the foreground. If during a boot process, any server listed in /etc/fstab is not currently available, the local system will not finish booting until the server becomes available. With background mounting, a remote mount request is executed once in a foreground process. If the mount request fails, the request is retried in a background process. This allows the local system to continue the boot procedure without waiting for the server to become available.

bandwidth: (1) Technically: The difference, in Hertz (Hz), between the highest and lowest frequencies of a transmission channel. (2) Typically: The amount of data that can be sent through a communications circuit.

baseband: A characteristic of any network technology that uses a single carrier frequency and requires all stations attached to the network to participate in every transmission; only one communication channel is provided at a time. See also broadband.

BBS: See Bulletin Board System.

Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) : The implementation of a DNS server developed and distributed by the University of California at Berkeley. Host name and address lookup service for the Internet; implemented in a client/server model. The client software, referred to as the resolver, allows client systems to obtain host names and addresses from servers rather than from locally hosted databases.

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD): The derivation of the original UNIX operating system developed by the Computer Systems Research Group of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California at Berkeley. The DIGITAL UNIX operating system is based on the BSD version of UNIX.

best-effort delivery: A characteristic of network technologies that will attempt to deliver data but will not try to recover if there is an error such as a line failure. Internet protocols IP and UDP provide best-effort delivery service to application programs.

BG driver: The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS implementation of a network device driver. See also device driver.

BGP: See Border Gateway Protocol.

big endian: The format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the most significant bit (or byte) comes first. The reverse convention is called little endian.

BIND resolver: A set of library routines compiled into a client application like telnet or ftp that formulates a query to ask a name server to look up name and address information.

BIND server: The software that responds to queries from BIND resolvers for name and address lookups; can be local or distributed. See also cache server, forwarder server, primary server, and secondary server.

binding: Defining a remote file system to be a part of the local OpenVMS file system.

bits per second (bps or b/s): The measure of the rate of data transmission.

block: A contiguous unit of user information grouped together for transmission, such as the user data within a packet, excluding the protocol overhead.

boot file: A database file that BIND servers use to determine their type, the zones for which they have authority, and the location of other BIND database files.

BOOTP: The mnemonic for Bootstrap protocol. The protocol used for booting diskless systems remotely to a network. See also remote boot.

BOOTP database: A DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS database with entries for diskless network clients that depend on a boot server to download their operating system images.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): The interautonomous system routing protocol used to exchange network reachability information between autonomous systems. BGP runs over TCP.

One of a class of exterior gateway protocols, described in more detail in the BGP section of UNIX reference page gated.proto(4).

bottleneck: A point in the network where traffic is delayed or blocked. Bottlenecks are the limiting factors in network performance.

bound port: An I/O function specifying a port number and IP address for the device socket to bind a port to a process.

bps: See bits per second.

bridge: A device that connects two or more physical networks and then stores and forwards complete packets between them. A bridge can usually be made to filter packets (that is, to forward only certain traffic).

broadband: A characteristic of any network that multiplexes multiple, independent network carriers onto a single cable; usually using frequency division multiplexing. Broadband technology allows several networks to coexist on one single cable; traffic from one network does not interfere with traffic from another because the "conversations" happen on different frequencies.

broadcast: A delivery system where a copy of a packet is sent simultaneously to many hosts; can be implemented with hardware (for example, as in Ethernet) or with software (for example, as in Cypress). See also multicast.

broadcast address: The address that designates all hosts on a physical network. The broadcast address contains a hostid of all ones.

broadcast addressing: A type of multicast addressing in which all nodes receive a message simultaneously.

broadcast circuit: A circuit on which multiple nodes are connected. A message can be transmitted to multiple receivers, and all nodes are adjacent.

broadcast end node adjacency: An end node connected to the same broadcast circuit as the local node. See also adjacency.

broadcast router adjacency: An intermediate system (router) connected to the same broadcast circuit as the local node. See also adjacency.

broadcast mask: A mask used to interpret the IP address as a broadcast address.

broadcast storm: An incorrect packet broadcast on a network that causes most hosts to respond all at once, typically with wrong answers that start the process over again.

brouter: A bridge/router; a device that forwards messages between networks at both network and data link levels.

BSD: See Berkeley Software Distribution.

Bulletin Board System (BBS): A message database where people can log in and leave broadcast messages for others grouped (typically) into topic groups.

buffer: A device or an area of memory used for temporary storage when transmitting data from one device to another. Compensates for a difference in rate of data flow or in time of occurrence of events. Used on routing nodes to temporarily store data that is to be forwarded from one node to another.

buffering level: The number of buffers provided at one time by the network software to handle data. Level can be single or multiple. Single buffering tends to be less efficient than multibuffering but uses less memory on the local system. Multibuffering provides better performance, and a network can send or process several buffers of data in quick succession.

bus: (1) A LAN topology in which all nodes connect to a single transmission medium. All nodes are equal, and all nodes hear all transmissions on the medium. Bus topologies are reliable because failure of a node does not affect the ability of other nodes to transmit and receive. (2) A flat, flexible cable consisting of many transmission lines or wires used to interconnect computer system components to provide communication paths for addresses, data, and control information.

cache: A portion of a computer's RAM reserved to act as a temporary memory for items read from a disk. These items become instantly available to the user.

cache server: A BIND server that has no authority for any zone; acquires information in the process of resolving clients' queries and stores it in its cache. See also BIND server, forwarder server, primary server, and secondary server.

canonical name: The main or official name for a host; other names for the same host are aliases. In a BIND configuration, you specify the canonical name in a CNAME record of the named.hosts file.

category phrase: A BIND configuration logging statement phrase that specifies the different categories for which to log messages. Categories include: config, parser, queries, lame-servers, statistics, panic, update, ncache, xfer-in, xfer-out, db, eventlib, packet, cname, security, os, insist, maintenance, load, response-checks, and default.

centralized management: A form of network management that manages from a single point in the network.

CFS: See Container File System.

channel: The data path between two or more stations, including the communications control capability of the associated stations.

channel phrase: A BIND configuration logging statement that specifies output methods, format options, and severity levels associated with a category of messages to be logged.

checksum: A computed value based on the contents of a packet. The value is sent with the packet when it is transmitted. The receiving host computes a new value based on the received data. If the originating and receiving values are the same, the receiver has a high degree of confidence that the data was received correctly.

circuit: A logical (virtual) link that provides a communications connection between adjacent nodes.

class name: The name of an entity class. For example, node is the global entity class.

client: A computer system or process that requests a service of another computer service or process.

client/server relationship: A model of interaction used in distributed processing products when a client process sends a request and waits for the results from a server process.

clock: The combined hardware interrupt timer and software register that maintain system time. In many systems, the hardware timer sends interrupts to the operating system; at each interrupt, the operating system adds an increment to a software register that contains the time value.

cluster alias: An optional node name and address used by some or all nodes in an OpenVMS cluster, allowing these nodes to be reachable on the network with the same address.

cluster failover environment: An environment that allows a system in a cluster to take on the responsibilities of a system that crashed or is otherwise unavailable. For example, you can configure a system to become a DHCP server when the primary DHCP server process crashes or when the system that the primary DHCP server is running on becomes unavailable.

collision: The condition in which two data packets are transmitted over a medium at the same time, making both unintelligible.

common address notation: The common way of expressing an Internet address. The 32-bit address uses four fields that are separated by periods; each field ranges from 0 to 255.

communications link: The physical medium connecting two systems.

communications server: A special-purpose standalone system dedicated to managing communications activities for other computer systems.

concatenation: The process of joining two or more items together, as when input files are appended to a new output file.

configuration database: The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS database with SMTP, SNMP, and TIME specifications.