OpenVMS DCL Dictionary

Document revision date: 19 July 1999

OpenVMS DCL Dictionary

Contents

Index

This example shows the output of the ANALYZE/PROCESS command when used with the /FULL qualifier on a VAX system. The file specified, ZIPLIST, contains the dump of a process that encountered a fatal error. The DBG> prompt indicates that the debugger is ready to accept commands.

#2

$ ANALYZE/PROCESS/FULL ARITH.DMP R0 = 000000000000000F R1 = 0000000000000001 R2 = 0000000000010000 R3 = 000000007FF41E14 R4 = 000000007FFBF80C R5 = 000000007FFBF91C R6 = 000000007FFA0D34 R7 = 000000007FFA0D34 R8 = 000000007FFA05F8 R9 = 000000007FFA0800 R10 = 000000007FFA1380 R11 = 000000007FFBE3E0 R12 = 0000000000000004 R13 = FFFFFFFF84EF3730 R14 = 0000000000000000 R15 = 0000000000000000 R16 = 00000000002D4EC8 R17 = 0000000100000000 R18 = 00000000002D4EAE R19 = 0000000000000000 R20 = 0000000000000000 R21 = 0000000000000000 R22 = 002D559100000000 R23 = 00000000002D5591 R24 = 002D559100000000 R25 = 0000000000000003 R26 = 0000000000020040 R27 = 0000000000032AA0 R28 = 0000000000052DA0 AP = 000000007FE6F6F0 FP = 000000007FE6FA20 SP = 000000007FE6FA20 PC = 0000000000020048 FREE_P0_VA 002F6000 FREE_P1_VA 7FE68000 Active ASTs 00 Enabled ASTs 0F Current Privileges 00000000 00108000 Event Flags 00000000 E0000000 Buffered I/O count/limit 100/100 Direct I/O count/limit 100/100 File count/limit 98/100 Process count/limit 0/0 Timer queue count/limit 10/10 AST count/limit 98/100 Enqueue count/limit 600/600 Buffered I/O total 118 Direct I/O total 37 Link Date 14-DEC-1998 13:06:06.72 Kernel stack 00000000 pagelets at 00000000 moved to 00000000 Exec stack 00000000 pagelets at 00000000 moved to 00000000 Vector page 00000002 pagelet at 7FFF0000 moved to 002F6000 PIO (RMS) area 00000000 pagelets at 00000000 moved to 00000000 Image activator context 00000001 pagelet at 7FFD0E00 moved to 002F8000 User writeable context 00000008 pagelets at 7FFC0000 moved to 002FA000 Condition signalled to take dump: %SYSTEM-F-HPARITH, high performance arithmetic trap, Imask=00000000, -Fmask=00000001, summary=04, PC=00020048, PS=0000001B -SYSTEM-F-FLTDIV, arithmetic trap, floating/decimal divide by zero -at PC=00020048, PS=0000001B OpenVMS Alpha DEBUG Version T1.0-FT4 %DEBUG-I-NOLOCALS, image does not contain local symbols %DEBUG-I-NOGLOBALS, some or all global symbols not accessible %DEBUG-I-NOUNIVERSALS, shareable image contains no universal symbols %DEBUG-I-INITIAL, language is UNKNOWN, module set to SHARE$ARITH DBG>

#2
$ ANALYZE/PROCESS/FULL ARITH.DMP R0 = 000000000000000F R1 = 0000000000000001 R2 = 0000000000010000 R3 = 000000007FF41E14 R4 = 000000007FFBF80C R5 = 000000007FFBF91C R6 = 000000007FFA0D34 R7 = 000000007FFA0D34 R8 = 000000007FFA05F8 R9 = 000000007FFA0800 R10 = 000000007FFA1380 R11 = 000000007FFBE3E0 R12 = 0000000000000004 R13 = FFFFFFFF84EF3730 R14 = 0000000000000000 R15 = 0000000000000000 R16 = 00000000002D4EC8 R17 = 0000000100000000 R18 = 00000000002D4EAE R19 = 0000000000000000 R20 = 0000000000000000 R21 = 0000000000000000 R22 = 002D559100000000 R23 = 00000000002D5591 R24 = 002D559100000000 R25 = 0000000000000003 R26 = 0000000000020040 R27 = 0000000000032AA0 R28 = 0000000000052DA0 AP = 000000007FE6F6F0 FP = 000000007FE6FA20 SP = 000000007FE6FA20 PC = 0000000000020048 FREE_P0_VA 002F6000 FREE_P1_VA 7FE68000 Active ASTs 00 Enabled ASTs 0F Current Privileges 00000000 00108000 Event Flags 00000000 E0000000 Buffered I/O count/limit 100/100 Direct I/O count/limit 100/100 File count/limit 98/100 Process count/limit 0/0 Timer queue count/limit 10/10 AST count/limit 98/100 Enqueue count/limit 600/600 Buffered I/O total 118 Direct I/O total 37 Link Date 14-DEC-1998 13:06:06.72 Kernel stack 00000000 pagelets at 00000000 moved to 00000000 Exec stack 00000000 pagelets at 00000000 moved to 00000000 Vector page 00000002 pagelet at 7FFF0000 moved to 002F6000 PIO (RMS) area 00000000 pagelets at 00000000 moved to 00000000 Image activator context 00000001 pagelet at 7FFD0E00 moved to 002F8000 User writeable context 00000008 pagelets at 7FFC0000 moved to 002FA000 Condition signalled to take dump: %SYSTEM-F-HPARITH, high performance arithmetic trap, Imask=00000000, -Fmask=00000001, summary=04, PC=00020048, PS=0000001B -SYSTEM-F-FLTDIV, arithmetic trap, floating/decimal divide by zero -at PC=00020048, PS=0000001B OpenVMS Alpha DEBUG Version T1.0-FT4 %DEBUG-I-NOLOCALS, image does not contain local symbols %DEBUG-I-NOGLOBALS, some or all global symbols not accessible %DEBUG-I-NOUNIVERSALS, shareable image contains no universal symbols %DEBUG-I-INITIAL, language is UNKNOWN, module set to SHARE$ARITH DBG>

This example shows the output of the ANALYZE/PROCESS command when used with the /FULL qualifier on an Alpha system.

#3
$ INSTALL INSTALL> ADD SYS$LIBRARY:DELTA INSTALL> EXIT $ DEFINE LIB$DEBUG DELTA $ ANALYZE/PROCESS/FULL PCFS_SERVER.DMP R0 = 004558452E524556 R1 = 00000000004F1080 R2 = 000000000000048C R3 = 0000000000000000 R4 = 0000000000000000 R5 = 0000000000000001 R6 = 0000000000F380C0 R7 = 00000000000000E9 R8 = 00000000002D3F70 R9 = 0000000000342FB8 R10 = 00000000002CE330 R11 = 0000000000000047 R12 = 00000000005107C0 R13 = 0000000000F38140 R14 = 0000000000D5D5C8 R15 = 00000000000000F0 R16 = 000000000003793C R17 = 00000000004F108C R18 = 0000000000000000 R19 = 00000000004F1C00 R20 = 00000000004F1C00 R21 = FFFFFFFF8052C4B6 R22 = 0000000000000001 R23 = FFFFFFFF80042E90 R24 = 0000000000000001 R25 = 0000000000000000 R26 = 0000000000002000 R27 = 00000000000184A0 R28 = 0000000000000001 AP = 0000000000F37E10 FP = 0000000000DE0ED8 SP = 0000000000F38110 PC = 0000000000002000 FREE_P0_VA 00F50000 FREE_P1_VA 7FE6A000 Active ASTs 00 Enabled ASTs 0F Current Privileges FFFFFFFF FFF7FFFF Event Flags 80000000 E0000000 Buffered I/O count/limit 32758/32767 Direct I/O count/limit 32767/32767 File count/limit 32720/32767 Process count/limit 0/0 Timer queue count/limit 32763/32767 AST count/limit 32754/32767 Enqueue count/limit 32760/32767 Buffered I/O total 17353137 Direct I/O total 333631 Link Date 8-SEP-1998 16:42:37.94 Kernel stack 00000020 pagelets at 7FF92000 moved to 00F50000 Exec stack 00000020 pagelets at 7FF96000 moved to 00F54000 Vector page 00000002 pagelet at 7FFF0000 moved to 00F58000 PIO (RMS) area 00000007 pagelets at 7FFD0000 moved to 00F5A000 Image activator context 00000001 pagelet at 7FFD0E00 moved to 00F5C000 User writeable context 00000008 pagelets at 7FFC0000 moved to 00F5E000 Condition signalled to take dump: %SYSTEM-F-ACCVIO, access violation, reason mask=00, virtual address=00002000, PC=00002000, PS=0000001B AlphaVMS DELTA Version 1.5 Exception - Signal reason = 0000000C 00002000!

$ INSTALL
INSTALL> ADD SYS$LIBRARY:DELTA
INSTALL> EXIT
$ DEFINE LIB$DEBUG DELTA 
$ ANALYZE/PROCESS/FULL PCFS_SERVER.DMP
 R0  = 004558452E524556 R1  = 00000000004F1080  R2  = 000000000000048C 
 R3  = 0000000000000000 R4  = 0000000000000000  R5  = 0000000000000001 
 R6  = 0000000000F380C0 R7  = 00000000000000E9  R8  = 00000000002D3F70 
 R9  = 0000000000342FB8 R10 = 00000000002CE330  R11 = 0000000000000047 
 R12 = 00000000005107C0 R13 = 0000000000F38140  R14 = 0000000000D5D5C8 
 R15 = 00000000000000F0 R16 = 000000000003793C  R17 = 00000000004F108C 
 R18 = 0000000000000000 R19 = 00000000004F1C00  R20 = 00000000004F1C00 
 R21 = FFFFFFFF8052C4B6 R22 = 0000000000000001  R23 = FFFFFFFF80042E90 
 R24 = 0000000000000001 R25 = 0000000000000000  R26 = 0000000000002000 
 R27 = 00000000000184A0 R28 = 0000000000000001  AP  = 0000000000F37E10 
 FP  = 0000000000DE0ED8 SP  = 0000000000F38110  PC  = 0000000000002000 
 
 FREE_P0_VA  00F50000           FREE_P1_VA  7FE6A000 
 Active ASTs  00                Enabled ASTs 0F 
 Current Privileges  FFFFFFFF  FFF7FFFF 
 Event Flags  80000000  E0000000 
 Buffered I/O count/limit 32758/32767 
 Direct I/O count/limit   32767/32767 
 File count/limit         32720/32767 
 Process count/limit      0/0 
 Timer queue count/limit  32763/32767 
 AST count/limit          32754/32767 
 Enqueue count/limit      32760/32767 
 Buffered I/O total 17353137            Direct I/O total 333631 
 
 Link Date   8-SEP-1998 16:42:37.94 
 
 Kernel stack 00000020 pagelets at 7FF92000 moved to 00F50000 
 Exec stack 00000020 pagelets at 7FF96000 moved to 00F54000 
 Vector page 00000002 pagelet at 7FFF0000 moved to 00F58000 
 PIO (RMS) area 00000007 pagelets at 7FFD0000 moved to 00F5A000 
 Image activator context 00000001 pagelet at 7FFD0E00 moved to 00F5C000 
 User writeable context 00000008 pagelets at 7FFC0000 moved to 00F5E000 
 
Condition signalled to take dump: 
%SYSTEM-F-ACCVIO, access violation, reason mask=00, virtual 
address=00002000, PC=00002000, PS=0000001B 
 
AlphaVMS DELTA Version 1.5 
 
Exception - Signal reason = 0000000C 
 
00002000!

In this example, the SYS$LIBRARY:DELTA image is installed on an Alpha system by invoking the Install utility. Next, the logical LIB$DEBUG is defined as DELTA in order to use the Delta Debugger (DELTA). The ANALYZE/PROCESS_DUMP command displays exception information and then a prompt. You can analyze the stack or other information provided to you in the dump.

ANALYZE/RMS_FILE

Invokes the Analyze/RMS_File utility, which is used to inspect and analyze the internal structure of an OpenVMS RMS file. The /RMS_FILE qualifier is required.
For more information about the Analyze/RMS_File utility, refer to the OpenVMS Record Management Utilities Reference Manual or online help.

Format

ANALYZE/RMS_FILE filespec[,...]

ANALYZE/SYSTEM

Invokes the System Dump Analyzer utility, which analyzes a running system. The /SYSTEM qualifier is required.
For more information about the System Dump Analyzer utility on Alpha, refer to the OpenVMS Alpha System Dump Analyzer Utility Manual or online help. For more information about the System Dump Analyzer utility on VAX, refer to the OpenVMS VAX System Dump Analyzer Utility Manual or online help.

Format

ANALYZE/SYSTEM

APPEND

Adds the contents of one or more specified input files to the end of the specified output file.

Format

APPEND input-filespec[,...] output-filespec

Parameters

input-filespec[,...]
Specifies the names of one or more input files to be appended. Multiple input files are appended to the output file in the order specified. If you specify more than one input file, separate each file specification with either a comma (,) or a plus sign (+).
The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are allowed in the input file specifications.
output-filespec
Specifies the name of the file to which the input files will be appended.
You must specify at least one field in the output file specification. If you do not specify a device or directory, the APPEND command uses the current default device and directory. Other unspecified fields default to the corresponding fields of the first input file specification.
If you use the asterisk (*) wildcard character in any fields of the output file specification, the APPEND command uses the corresponding field of the input file specification. If you are appending more than one input file, the APPEND command uses the corresponding fields from the first input file.

Description

The APPEND command is similar in syntax and function to the COPY command. Normally, the APPEND command adds the contents of one or more files to the end of an existing file without incrementing the version number. The /NEW_VERSION qualifier causes the APPEND command to create a new output file if no file with that name exists.
Note that there are special considerations for using the APPEND command with DECwindows compound documents. For more information, refer to the Guide to OpenVMS File Applications.

Qualifiers

/ALLOCATION=number-of-blocks
Forces the initial allocation of the output file to the specified number of 512-byte blocks. If you do not specify the /ALLOCATION qualifier, or if you specify it without the number-of-blocks parameter, the initial allocation of the output file is determined by the size of the input file.
The allocation size is applied only if a new file is actually created by using the /NEW_VERSION qualifier.
/BACKUP
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according to the dates of their most recent backups. This qualifier is incompatible with the /CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/BEFORE[=time]
Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time. You can specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).
/BY_OWNER[=uic]
Selects only those files whose owner user identification code (UIC) matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of the current process.
Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the OpenVMS User's Manual.
/CONFIRM

/NOCONFIRM (default)
Controls whether a request is issued before each append operation to confirm that the operation should be performed on that file. The following responses are valid:

YES NO QUIT

TRUE FALSE [Ctrl/Z]

1 0 ALL

[Return]

You can use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters for word responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more letters (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE), but these abbreviations must be unique. Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and 1. Negative answers include: NO, FALSE, 0, and pressing the Return key. Entering QUIT or pressing Ctrl/Z indicates that you want to stop processing the command at that point. When you respond by entering ALL, the command continues to process, but no further prompts are given. If you type a response other than one of those in the list, DCL issues an error message and redisplays the prompt.
/CONTIGUOUS

/NOCONTIGUOUS
Specifies that the output file must occupy physically contiguous disk blocks. By default, the APPEND command creates an output file in the same format as the corresponding input file and does not report an error if not enough space exists for a contiguous allocation. This qualifier is relevant only with the /NEW_VERSION qualifier.
If an input file is contiguous, the APPEND command attempts to create a contiguous output file, but does not report an error if there is not enough space. If you append multiple input files of different formats, the output file may or may not be contiguous. Use the /CONTIGUOUS qualifier to ensure that the output file is contiguous.
/CREATED (default)
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their dates of creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])
Excludes the specified files from the append operation. You can include a directory but not a device in the file specification. Wildcard characters (* and %) are allowed in the file specification. However, you cannot use relative version numbers to exclude a specific version. If you specify only one file, you can omit the parentheses.
/EXPIRED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according to their expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with the SET FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) The /EXPIRED qualifier is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/EXTENSION=number-of-blocks
Specifies the number of blocks to be added to the output file each time the file is extended. When you specify the /EXTENSION qualifier, the /NEW_VERSION qualifier is assumed and need not be typed on the command line. This qualifier is relevant only with the /NEW_VERSION qualifier.
The extension value is applied only if a new file is actually created.
/LOG

/NOLOG (default)
Controls whether the APPEND command displays the file specifications of each file appended. If the /LOG qualifier is specified, the command displays the file specifications of the input and output files as well as the number of blocks or records appended after each append operation.
/MODIFIED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to the dates on which they were last modified. This qualifier is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.

/NEW_VERSION

/NONEW_VERSION (default)
Controls whether the APPEND command creates a new output file if the specified output file does not exist. (By default, the specified output file already exists.) If the specified output file does not already exist, use the /NEW_VERSION qualifier to create a new output file. If the output file does exist, the /NEW_VERSION qualifier is ignored and the input file is appended to the output file.
/PROTECTION=(ownership[:access][,...])
Specifies protection for the output file.

Specify the ownership parameter as system (S), owner (O), group (G), or world (W).
Specify the access parameter as read (R), write (W), execute (E), or delete (D).

The default protection, including any protection attributes not specified, is that of the existing output file. If no output file exists, the current default protection applies. This qualifier is relevant only with the /NEW_VERSION qualifier.
For more information on specifying protection codes, refer to the OpenVMS Guide to System Security.
/READ_CHECK

/NOREAD_CHECK (default)
Reads each record in the input files twice to verify that it has been read correctly.
/SINCE[=time]
Selects only those files dated after the specified time. You can specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).
/WRITE_CHECK

/NOWRITE_CHECK (default)
Reads each record in the output file after the record is written to verify that it was appended successfully and that the output file can subsequently be read without error.

Examples

#1
$ APPEND TEST3.DAT TESTALL.DAT

The APPEND command appends the contents of the file TEST3.DAT from the default disk and directory to the file TESTALL.DAT, also located on the default disk and directory.

#2
$ APPEND/NEW_VERSION/LOG *.TXT MEM.SUM %APPEND-I-CREATED, USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 created %APPEND-S-COPIED, USE$:[MAL]A.TXT;2 copied to USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 (1 block) %APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]B.TXT;3 appended to USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 (3 records) %APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]G.TXT;7 appended to USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 (51 records)

$ APPEND/NEW_VERSION/LOG *.TXT   MEM.SUM
%APPEND-I-CREATED, USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 created
%APPEND-S-COPIED, USE$:[MAL]A.TXT;2 copied to USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 (1 block)
%APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]B.TXT;3 appended to USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 (3 records)
%APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]G.TXT;7 appended to USE$:[MAL]MEM.SUM;1 (51 records)

The APPEND command appends all files with file types of .TXT to a file named MEM.SUM. The /LOG qualifier requests a display of the specifications of each input file appended. If the file MEM.SUM does not exist, the APPEND command creates it, as the output shows. The number of blocks or records shown in the output refers to the source file and not to the target file total.

#3
$ APPEND/LOG A.DAT, B.MEM C.* %APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]A.DAT;4 appended to USE$:[MAL]C.DAT;4 (2 records) %APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]B.MEM;5 appended to USE$:[MAL]C.DAT;4 (29 records)

The APPEND command appends the files A.DAT and B.MEM to the file C.DAT, which must already exist.

#4
$ APPEND/LOG A.* B.* %APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]A.DAT;5 appended to USE$:[MAL]B.DAT;1 (5 records) %APPEND-S-APPENDED, USE$:[MAL]A.DOC;2 appended to USE$:[MAL]B.DAT;1 (1 record)

Both the input and output file specifications contain wildcard characters in the file type field. The APPEND command appends each file with a file name of A to an existing file with B as its file name. The file type of the first input file located determines the output file type.

#5
$ APPEND BOSTON"BRIAN_MACKRILL YANKEE"::DEMO01.DAT, DEMO2.DAT $ _To: DALLAS::DISK1:[MODEL.TEST]TEST.DAT

This APPEND command adds the contents of the files DEMO1.DAT and DEMO2.DAT at remote node BOSTON to the end of the file TEST.DAT at remote node DALLAS.

ASSIGN

Creates a logical name and assigns an equivalence string, or a list of strings, to the specified logical name. If you specify an existing logical name, the new equivalence name replaces the existing equivalence name.

Format

ASSIGN equivalence-name[,...] logical-name[:]

Parameters

equivalence-name[,...]
Specifies a character string of 1 to 255 characters. Defines the equivalence name, usually a file specification, device name, or other logical name, to be associated with the logical name in the specified logical name table. If the string contains other than uppercase alphanumeric, dollar sign ($), or underscore (_) characters, enclose it in quotation marks (" "). Use two sets of quotation marks ("" "") to denote an actual quotation mark within the string. Specifying more than one equivalence name for a logical name creates a search list.
When you specify an equivalence name that will be used as a file specification, you must include the punctuation marks (colons (:), brackets ([]), and periods (.)) that would be required if the equivalence name were used directly as a file specification. Therefore, if you specify a device name as an equivalence name, terminate the device name with a colon.
The ASSIGN command allows you to assign the same logical name to more than one equivalence name. When you specify more than one equivalence name for a logical name, you create a search list. For more information on search lists, refer to the OpenVMS User's Manual.
logical-name[:]
Specifies the logical name string, which is a character string containing up to 255 characters. You choose a logical name to represent the equivalence name in the specified logical name table.
If the string contains other than uppercase alphanumeric, dollar sign, or underscore characters, enclose it in quotation marks. Use two sets of quotation marks to denote an actual quotation mark. If you terminate the logical-name parameter with a colon, the system removes the colon before placing the name in a logical name table. (This differs from the DEFINE command, which saves the colon.) If the logical name is to be entered into the process directory (LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY) or system directory (LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY) logical name tables, then the name may only have from 1 to 31 alphanumeric characters (including the dollar sign and underscore). By default, the logical name is placed in the process logical name table.
If the logical name contains any characters other than alphanumeric characters, the dollar sign, or the underscore, enclose the name in quotation marks. If the logical name contains quotation marks, enclose the name in quotation marks and use two sets of quotation marks in the places where you want one set of quotation marks to occur. Note that if you enclose a name in quotation marks, the case of alphabetic characters is preserved.

Description

The ASSIGN command creates an entry in a logical name table by defining a logical name to stand for one or more equivalence names. An equivalence name can be a device name, another logical name, a file specification, or any other string.
To specify the logical name table where you want to enter a logical name, use the /PROCESS, /JOB, /GROUP, /SYSTEM, or /TABLE qualifier. If you enter more than one of these qualifiers, only the last one entered is accepted. If you do not specify a table, the default is /TABLE=LNM$PROCESS (or /PROCESS).
To specify the access mode of the logical name you are creating, use the /USER_MODE, the /SUPERVISOR_MODE, or the /EXECUTIVE_MODE qualifier. If you enter more than one of these qualifiers, only the last one entered is accepted. If you do not specify an access mode, then a supervisor-mode name is created. You can create a logical name in the same mode as the table in which you are placing the name or in an outer mode. (User mode is the outermost mode; executive mode is the innermost mode.)
You can enter more than one logical name with the same name in the same logical name table, as long as each name has a different access mode. (However, if an existing logical name within a table has the NO_ALIAS attribute, you cannot use the same name to create a logical name in an outer mode in this table.)
If you create a logical name with the same name, in the same table, and in the same mode as an existing name, the new logical name assignment replaces the existing assignment.
You can also use the DEFINE command to create logical names. To delete a logical name from a table, use the DEASSIGN command.

Note
Avoid assigning a logical name that matches the file name of an executable image in SYS$SYSTEM:. Such an assignment will prohibit you from invoking that image.

For additional information on how to create and use logical names, refer to the OpenVMS User's Manual.

Qualifiers

/EXECUTIVE_MODE
Requires SYSNAM (system logical name) privilege.
Creates an executive-mode logical name. If you specify executive mode, but do not have SYSNAM privilege, a supervisor-mode logical name is created. The mode of the logical name must be the same as or external to (less privileged than) the mode of the table in which you are placing the name.
/GROUP
Requires SYSPRV (system privilege) or GRPNAM (group logical name) privilege.
Places the logical name in the group logical name table. Other users who have the same group number in their user identification codes (UICs) can access the logical name. The /GROUP qualifier is synonymous with the /TABLE=LNM$GROUP qualifier.
/JOB
Places the logical name in the jobwide logical name table. All processes within the same job tree as the process creating the logical name can access the logical name. The /JOB qualifier is synonymous with the /TABLE=LNM$JOB qualifier.
/LOG (default)

/NOLOG
Displays a message when a new logical name supersedes an existing name.
/NAME_ATTRIBUTES[=(keyword[,...])]
Specifies the attributes for a logical name. By default, no attributes are set. You can specify the following keywords for attributes:

CONFINE Does not copy the logical name into a spawned subprocess; this keyword is relevant only for logical names in a private table.

NO_ALIAS Prohibits creation of logical names with the same name in an outer (less privileged) access mode within the specified table. If another logical name with the same name and an outer access mode already exists in this table, the name is deleted.

If you specify only one keyword, you can omit the parentheses. Only the attributes you specify are set.
/PROCESS (default)
Places the logical name in the process logical name table. The /PROCESS qualifier is synonymous with the /TABLE=LNM$PROCESS qualifier.
/SUPERVISOR_MODE (default)
Creates a supervisor-mode logical name in the specified table.
/SYSTEM
Requires SYSNAM (system logical name) or SYSPRV (system privilege) privilege.
Places the logical name in the system logical name table. All system users can access the logical name. The /SYSTEM qualifier is synonymous with the /TABLE=LNM$SYSTEM qualifier.
/TABLE=name
Requires write (W) access to the table if the table is shareable.
Specifies the logical name table in which the logical name is to be entered. You can use the /TABLE qualifier to specify a user-defined logical name table (created with the CREATE/NAME_TABLE command); to specify the process, job, group, or system logical name tables; or to specify the process or system logical name directory tables.
If you specify the table name using a logical name that has more than one translation, the logical name is placed in the first table found. For example, if you specify ASSIGN/TABLE=LNM$FILE_DEV and LNM$FILE_DEV is equated to LNM$PROCESS, LNM$JOB, LNM$GROUP, and LNM$SYSTEM, then the logical name is placed in LNM$PROCESS.
If you do not explicitly specify the /TABLE qualifier, the default is the /TABLE=LNM$PROCESS qualifier.
/TRANSLATION_ATTRIBUTES[=(keyword[,...])]
Equivalence-name qualifier.
Specifies attributes of the equivalence-name parameter. Possible keywords are as follows:

CONCEALED Indicates that the equivalence string is the name of a concealed device.
When a concealed device name is defined, the system displays the logical name, rather than the equivalence string, in messages that refer to the device. If you specified the CONCEALED attribute, then the equivalence string must be a physical device name.

TERMINAL Indicates that the equivalence string should not be translated iteratively; logical name translation should terminate with the current equivalence string.

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CONFINE	Does not copy the logical name into a spawned subprocess; this keyword is relevant only for logical names in a private table.
NO_ALIAS	Prohibits creation of logical names with the same name in an outer (less privileged) access mode within the specified table. If another logical name with the same name and an outer access mode already exists in this table, the name is deleted.

CONCEALED	Indicates that the equivalence string is the name of a concealed device. When a concealed device name is defined, the system displays the logical name, rather than the equivalence string, in messages that refer to the device. If you specified the CONCEALED attribute, then the equivalence string must be a physical device name.
TERMINAL	Indicates that the equivalence string should not be translated iteratively; logical name translation should terminate with the current equivalence string.