When you specify a file name as part of an ADMINISTER command line, you can enter the file name as it appears on the client computer, assuming your server is configured to support the same language as that supported on that client, and your workstation or terminal are configured to support the client language. Be sure to enclose the file name in quotation marks if it contains a space or other nonalphanumeric characters (such as a question mark (?), punctuation mark, and so forth). If the input mode is set to VTF7, you can enter such file names without quotation marks, using the ^xx or ^uxxxx formats for the special characters. For example, assuming the input mode is set to RAW, you can change the file permissions of the file named My File.Txt in the share LIONTAIL by entering the following ADMINISTER command:

LANDOFOZ\TINMAN>SET FILE \LIONTAIL\"My File.Txt" SCARECROW\PERMISSIONS=READ

If input mode is set to VTF7, you would enter the space character as ^_ or ^20 (20 is the hexadecimal representation for the space character).

For information on entering such file names on the OpenVMS DCL command line, see the appropriate OpenVMS documentation.

4.5.2.5 Storing Files on ODS-5 Disk Volumes

When clients store files on ODS-5 disk volumes, the length and characters included in the file name depend on the limitations of the software that created the file. For example, on MS-DOS clients, file names are limited to the "8.3" convention: file names can be no longer than eight characters, there must be one period to separate the file name from the file extension, and the file extension can be up to three characters. Therefore, MS-DOS clients do not take advantage of the full capabilities of the ODS-5 disk volume. ODS-5 disk volumes (as well as ODS-2) support these types of files.

Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows NT clients can write longer file names, which may contain more than one period, and have file extensions of any length within the file name length limit. Therefore, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows NT clients take advantage of the features of ODS-5 disk volumes.

4.5.2.5.1 MS-DOS and Windows File Naming

If you are using the Advanced Server in an environment where long file names are not always supported, users should continue using MS-DOS file naming conventions. For example, if your clients are running Windows 3.11, or older Windows applications that only recognize the 8.3 file format, file names should follow the 8.3 file-naming convention; if your clients are running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows 2000, they can use long file names.

On MS-DOS, Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows 2000 clients, the following names are reserved and cannot be used for files or directories on either ODS-5 or ODS-2 disk volumes: AUX, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, CON, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, NUL, and PRN.

On Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows 2000 clients, file names preserve uppercase and lowercase characters, but are not case sensitive. This behavior is supported on ODS-5 volumes, and to some extent on ODS-2 volumes.

For more details on file naming conventions supported by each type of client, refer to the appropriate documentation for that client operating system.

4.6 File Names for Files Stored on the Advanced Server

The conventions for file names on ODS-5 disk volumes are more liberal than for those on ODS-2 disks, as outlined in Section 4.6.1, File Naming Conventions: ODS-2 and ODS-5 Comparisons. In addition, to enable compatibility with legacy applications (such as MS-DOS) whose file naming conventions are more restricted than those used by the Advanced Server, Advanced Server for OpenVMS servers, Version 7.3 or later, automatically create alias file names for files whose names do not comply with the file naming standards of those applications. For more information on alias file names, see Section 4.6.2, Support of Alias File Names.

The language configured for the Advanced Server defines the character set and client code page to be used by the server for storing file names on either ODS-2 and ODS-5 volumes. For information on how to configure the server language, refer to the Compaq Advanced Server for OpenVMS Server Installation and Configuration Guide. Parameters that set up the server language are described in Appendix A, Server Configuration Parameters.

The Advanced Server allows client computers to create, access, or delete any file whose file name characters map to the language currently configured on the server. If the client computer attempts to create, for example, a file whose name includes characters that are not contained in the server's currently configured language, the client computer receives an error message such as the following, where filename.ext is the file name consisting of one or more characters not contained in the current server language:

Cannot copy filename.ext: No mapping for the Unicode character exists in the target multi-byte code page.

4.6.1 File Naming Conventions: ODS-2 and ODS-5 Comparisons

File naming conventions for files stored on the Advanced Server depend on whether the disk volume used for storing files is an ODS-2 disk volume or an ODS-5 disk volume.

The Advanced Server uses the file naming conventions shown in Table 4-11, Advanced Server File-Naming Conventions. For each aspect of file names, the table shows the conventions supported by each type of OpenVMS file system.

Table 4-11 Advanced Server File-Naming Conventions

Convention	Supported on ODS-2	Supported on ODS-5
File name length	Up to 78 characters, including the extension (39.39 format). Separate the extension from the name by using a period. 1	Up to 236 8-bit (Latin-1) characters (or 118 16-bit Unicode characters), including the extension. Separate the extension from the name by using a period.
File names can contain characters other than (A-Z, a-z, 0-9), dollar sign ($), underscore (_) and hyphen (-).	No	Yes
File names can contain any of the 8-bit characters of the ISO Latin-1 character set in addition to the alphanumeric characters described in the preceding row, with the exception of the following characters: C0 control codes (0x00 to 0x1F inclusive) Double quotation marks (") Asterisk (*) Backslash (\) Colon (:) Left angle bracket (<) Right angle bracket (>) Slash (/) Question mark (?) Vertical bar (|)	Yes 2	Yes
Any OpenVMS system file or directory name that contains excluded characters is neither visible nor accessible by the client.	Yes	Yes
On-disk character support	Characters that are not alphanumeric characters are stored with escape encoding. For more information, see Section 4.4.3.1, File Name Storage and Handling on ODS-2 Volumes.	All supported characters are stored without encoding. Some ISO Latin-1 characters require an escape character to precede them in a file specification in order to be interpreted as literal characters rather than special function characters.
Uppercase and lowercase characters are allowed	Yes; however, file names are stored in all uppercase.	Yes: file names are stored in mixed case; however, file name comparisons are not case sensitive.

Some clients and client applications are more restrictive than the Advanced Server and Windows NT in both the lengths of file names and in the set of valid characters supported for file names. For example, MS-DOS file names are limited to the "8.3" convention: file names can be no longer than eight characters, with a period separating the file name from the file extension, and the file extension can be up to three characters. Obviously, these applications do not take full advantage of the capabilities of the OpenVMS ODS-5 disk volume and longer file names supported on Windows NT, the Advanced Server, and other systems.

To maintain compatibility between MS-DOS clients and Windows NT, and between legacy applications and Windows NT, the Windows NT Server provides an alternate way of accessing files with names that are not compatible with MS-DOS conventions. Windows NT generates MS-DOS-compatible alias names for these files.

Beginning with Version 7.3 of the Advanced Server for OpenVMS, the Advanced Server file server now also creates MS-DOS-compatible alias file names for shared files whose names do not conform to the MS-DOS format. As a result, client applications that must use, or choose to use, the MS-DOS format for file names, can access these shared files on the server by using the file's associated alias name. Clients (depending on their file systems) can use either the real file name or the alias file name to access the file.

An alias file name is also created for any file whose real name contains any extended character set characters with values of 128 through 255 (hexadecimal 0080 through 00FF). This is done even when the real filename is MS-DOS-compatible (has the 8.3 format and contains no characters that are explicitly invalid in MS-DOS file names). The Advanced Server V7.3 for OpenVMS returns a file's alias name, instead of the real file name, to an MS-DOS client only if the real name is not MS-DOS-compatible, or if any extended character set character in the real name does not map to the client code page. Otherwise, the Advanced Server returns the file's real name to the MS-DOS client. For more information on support of extended character sets, see Section 4.4, Unicode and Extended Character Sets.

4.6.2.1 Advanced Server Alias File Names

The Advanced Server alias file names are functionally equivalent to the alias names generated by the Windows NT Server in that each alias file name:

• Is MS-DOS compatible
• Is unique among all file names, real or alias, within the parent directory
• Positively identifies the associated file
• Has a first character and an extension derived from the real file name

For generating its alias file names, the Advanced Server uses a different algorithm than does Windows NT; consequently, the alias file names generated by the Advanced Server do not resemble alias file names generated by the Windows NT Server. An Advanced Server alias file name always includes an eight-character base, and includes an extension of the same length as the original extension, if any, up to three characters. The first character and extension of the alias file name are derived from the real file name and its extension, substituting an underscore (_) for any such character that is not MS-DOS-compatible.

4.6.2.2 Example Listing Showing Alias File Names

The following example shows an MS-DOS directory listing that includes alias file names generated for MS-DOS compatibility. In this example:

• The first file name listed, 12345678.123, has a standard length (8.3 or less) with no invalid or extended characters, and so no alias file name is generated.
• The name of the second file, 123456789.1234, is longer than the standard, so the alias file name 14AD1'HA.123 is created.
• The name of the third file (LONG FILENAME) exceeds the standard length and also includes an invalid character (the space) for an MS-DOS file name. The alias file name (L1JKGVAM) does not include an extension because the original file name does not have an extension.
• The fourth file name (ESPAÑOL.PS) follows the 8.3 format but contains an extended character set character (Ñ). The alias file name (E0G(4B%3.PS) includes the same extension as the original name.
• The fifth file name listed (X.1+345678) has an extension that exceeds the standard length and includes a character (+) that is not compatible with MS-DOS. Accordingly, the alias file name extension includes an underscore (_) for the incompatible character.
• The last file name (+.+) includes an incompatible character in the name and extension. The alias file name generated for this file has an underscore in its name and extension.

F:\DEMO>dir/x Volume in drive F is USER1 Volume Serial Number is 0000-0001 Directory of F:\DEMO 03/01/00 01:14p <DIR> . 08/31/99 04:14p <DIR> .. 08/31/99 04:30p 16 12345678.123 08/31/99 04:30p 16 14AD1'HA.123 123456789.1234 08/31/99 04:30p 16 L1JKGVAM LONG FILENAME 08/31/99 04:30p 16 E0G(4B%3.PS ESPAÑOL.PS 08/31/99 04:30p 16 X2$'XC`R.1_3 X.1+345678 08/31/99 04:30p 16 _0XY8I@H._ +.+ 8 File(s) 2,144 bytes 215,788,032 bytes free

Advanced Server software lets you share printers connected to the network (accessible from the OpenVMS system). You can create an Advanced Server print share for any OpenVMS print queue and assign access permissions to that share. Users can then send print jobs to the queue specified by the share as though they were using a local printer.

The procedures you use to manage shared printers are described in this chapter:

• Section 5.1, OpenVMS Print Queues, describes OpenVMS print queues and explains how to create and manage them.
• Section 5.2, Planning Printer Services, explains how to plan printer services to meet client needs.
• Section 5.3, Managing Printers, Print Shares, and Print Jobs, explains how to manage printers, print shares, and print jobs:
  • Section 5.3.1, Setting Up a New Printer, explains how to set up network printers on the server.
  • Section 5.3.2, Managing Printers Using the Advanced Server ADMINISTER Command-Line Interface, explains how to manage printers by using the ADMINISTER command interface.
  • Section 5.3.3, Managing Advanced Server Printers Using Windows NT, explains how to manage printers, print queues, and print shares on the Advanced Server by using the Windows NT print services provided by a Windows NT Server or workstation.

The Advanced Server makes printers available to network users through shared print queues. A print queue stores print jobs as users submit them. When a printer associated with the queue becomes available, the Advanced Server routes a job to that printer.

To share a printer, you add the printer (print queue) to the server's share database. You can use ADMINISTER commands to add a print queue and set it up for sharing. You assign the share name to a queue that points to the printer. Alternatively, you can use Windows NT to add printers and to allow them to be shared.

Because the Advanced Server is based on the OpenVMS operating system, the print queues and the printers that you share can be OpenVMS print queues and printers. However, note that the characters valid for Advanced Server print share or print queue names are not restricted to those supported by OpenVMS queues and printers. Advanced Server print share and print queue names can include Unicode extended characters, for example. For information on restrictions that do apply to print share names containing Unicode extended characters, see Section 5.3.2.7.2, Creating Print Shares With Names That Include Unicode Extended Characters.

This chapter explains how to share printers that are connected to the network, accessible from the OpenVMS system.

5.1 OpenVMS Print Queues

OpenVMS systems use execution queues and generic queues to provide access to printers as follows:

• One or more execution queues can be created for each printer.
• One or more generic queues can point to multiple execution queues and, therefore, multiple printers.
• Print jobs can be submitted either to a generic queue or to an execution queue.

You can use any of the following methods to create and manage OpenVMS print queues:

• OpenVMS commands such as INITIALIZE/QUEUE, which can be used to create execution queues or generic queues, and SET QUEUE, which modifies the attributes of the created queue.
• Advanced Server ADMINISTER commands such as ADD PRINT QUEUE and SET PRINT QUEUE, which primarily do the same as the OpenVMS INITIALIZE/QUEUE and SET QUEUE commands.
• Windows NT print services from a remote Windows NT system, as described later in this guide. Note that Windows NT views an OpenVMS execution queue as a port. You can only use Windows NT print services to create Advanced Server shared printers that are associated with an existing port. Likewise, you can only use ADMINISTER commands to add a print queue that is associated with an existing OpenVMS execution queue. You cannot create a new port or OpenVMS execution queue using ADMINISTER commands or Windows NT print services. You must use OpenVMS to create a new port or execution queue. For a conceptual discussion of the differences between managing printers using Advanced Server ADMINISTER commands and using Windows NT print services, refer to the Compaq Advanced Server for OpenVMS Concepts and Planning Guide.

Refer to the OpenVMS System Manager's Manual for information about setting up print queues on OpenVMS systems.

5.1.1 Types of Advanced Server Print Queues

An Advanced Server print queue can be either of the following:

• A printer queue pointing directly to a physical printer. A printer queue is equivalent to an OpenVMS execution queue.
• A routing queue that points to one or more printer queues. A routing queue is equivalent to an OpenVMS generic queue.

To support the printing needs of your users, plan print queues and print shares to meet their requirements. You can set up printers as shared devices, and you can establish constraints on print queues.

5.2.1 Sharing Printers and Print Queues

The way you make printers available to Advanced Server users depends on your server installation and whether you want to share existing OpenVMS print queues or create new ones.

• If you have installed Advanced Server software on a server for the first time and the printer you want to share has an existing OpenVMS queue, you can share that queue or create and share a new queue. You can display existing print queues using the ADMINISTER SHOW PRINT QUEUE command. You must define an Advanced Server print share for every OpenVMS print queue that you want Advanced Server users to access. Section 5.3.2.7.1, Creating an Advanced Server Print Share, explains how to set up and define a print share, using the Advanced Server ADMINISTER command interface. Section 5.3.3.2, Using Windows NT Print Services to Share Printers Defined on the Advanced Server, explains how to use Windows NT print services to share a printer defined on the Advanced Server.
• If the printer you want to share does not have an existing OpenVMS print queue, you can create one using the procedure in Section 5.3.1, Setting Up a New Printer.

Advanced Server users access the print queue by specifying a print share.

To make a print share operational, a print queue must be established first. To establish both a print queue and a print share, first set up the print queue, then set up the print share.

With the ADMINISTER interface, you create a print share so that users can send print requests to the print share rather than to individual print queues. For access from Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows 2000 clients that will print to a Advanced Server shared print queue, the share name and the queue name must be the same; for other clients, like Windows 3.11, the share and queue name can be different. Multiple print shares can point to the same print queue.

The Advanced Server print queue name (or, from the perspective of Windows NT management, the printer name) is limited to no more than 12 characters. If the OpenVMS print queue name has more than 12 characters, you can define an OpenVMS logical name for the print queue, to translate the queue name. You might use a logical name that is the same as the share name.

For example, the following OpenVMS command defines a logical name GLENDA for the OpenVMS print queue GLENDASPRINTER:

$ DEFINE/SYSTEM GLENDA GLENDASPRINTER

Then, when you use ADMINISTER commands, you can use the logical name to specify the print queue when you create a print share for it.

5.3 Managing Printers, Print Shares, and Print Jobs

By default, you manage printers, print shares, and print jobs by using the ADMINISTER command-line interface. You can choose to manage server shared printers remotely from a Windows NT Server or workstation, using the Windows NT print services, including the easy-to-use Windows NT Print Manager dialog boxes.

If you prefer the ADMINISTER command-line interface and the way you have worked with shared printers on the Advanced Server in the past, you can continue using the ADMINISTER command-line interface for print queue management.

If you prefer the advantages that Windows NT printer management offers, then you might consider enabling that style of management when you configure your server. Whichever style you choose, you only have full functionality from the style chosen. Earlier versions of the Advanced Server for OpenVMS have always supported elementary management functions from Windows NT, such as pausing, deleting, and displaying print jobs, and this support is still available on the latest Advanced Server for OpenVMS if you maintain the default of using ADMINISTER commands to manage server printers. Likewise, if you configure the Advanced Server to support Windows NT printer management, you can still use ADMINISTER commands for several minor printer management functions, and you can continue to use all the ADMINISTER commands for managing other objects (users, groups, file shares, and so forth). However, you should not use the following commands:

ADD SHARE/PRINT
REMOVE PRINT QUEUE
SET PRINT QUEUE

The concepts, terminology, and procedures used for managing Advanced Server shared printers differ significantly for each style of management. The management of shared printers with the ADMINISTER command involves creating a print queue (ADD PRINT QUEUE command), defining it as either a printer queue (OpenVMS execution queue) or a routing queue (OpenVMS generic queue), and then creating a share for that queue.

Basic first-step management of shared printers with the ADMINISTER command involves:

1. Creating a print queue using the ADD PRINT QUEUE command, defining it as either a printer queue (OpenVMS execution queue) or a routing queue (OpenVMS generic queue)
2. Creating a share for that queue, using the ADD SHARE/PRINT command.

With Windows NT-style management, you manage printers, printer ports, print queues, and the associated parameters defined in each printer's OpenVMS Registry entry. You use the Add Printer Wizard to add a printer to the server. The Add Printer Wizard allows you to select such options as whether:

• To enable printer pooling --- a printer pool, similar to an Advanced Server routing queue or OpenVMS generic queue, is a group of printers connected to a server; when a print job is sent to the server, it goes to the first available printer in the pool.
• To share the printer, and the name of the share

For more understanding about the conceptual and functional differences between ADMINISTER and Windows NT printer management, refer to the Compaq Advanced Server for OpenVMS Concepts and Planning Guide.

Some of the advantages of using Windows NT-style printer management include the following:

• Simple management of Advanced Server shared printers by using the Windows NT print services dialog boxes.
• When adding a printer to the Advanced Server, the Windows NT Add Printer Wizard installs the required drivers for the printer on the server; these drivers are provided by the administrator (such as from the Windows NT installation CD-ROM). When a client is set up to use the printer, these drivers are available for downloading to the client computer. When new drivers are distributed, administrators have to update a single location only.
• Use of Windows NT access permissions for Advanced Server shared printers.
• When Windows NT printer management is enabled, printers or print queues that were already defined on the server are upgraded automatically so that clients can continue to share these printers; but the upgrade does not provide full Windows NT printer management functionality for these upgraded printers. To acquire full Windows NT printer management functionality, use Windows NT print services to delete the upgraded Advanced Server printers from the Advanced Server and then add the printers back onto the Advanced Server.

To enable remote management of Advanced Server printers from Windows NT, you must reconfigure the server and change the appropriate configuration setting. For information on enabling remote Windows NT printer management, refer to the Compaq Advanced Server for OpenVMS Server Installation and Configuration Guide. For information on how to manage Advanced Server printers, print queues, and print shares from Windows NT, see Section 5.3.3, Managing Advanced Server Printers Using Windows NT.

For a list of restrictions that apply when Windows NT printer management is enabled, see Section 5.3.3.5, Windows NT Printer Management Restrictions.