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This appendix contains a table of Sockets API error codes and their equivalent OpenVMS system service status codes (Table D-1). The Sockets API functions use the Compaq C compiler.
| Sockets (Compaq C) Error Code |
OpenVMS System Service Status Code |
Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | SS$_NORMAL | Success |
| 1 EPERM | SS$_ABORT | Not owner |
| 2 ENOENT | SS$_ABORT | No such file or directory |
| 3 ESRCH | SS$_NOSUCHNODE | No such process |
| 4 EINTR | SS$_ABORT | Interrupted system call |
| 5 EIO | SS$_ABORT | I/O error |
| 6 ENXIO | SS$_NOSUCHDEV | No such device or address |
| 7 E2BIG | SS$_ABORT | Argument list too long |
| 8 ENOEXEC | SS$_ABORT | Execution format error |
| 9 EBADF | SS$_BADPARAM | Bad file number |
| 10 ECHILD | SS$_ABORT | No children |
| 11 EAGAIN | SS$_ABORT | No more processes |
| 12 ENOMEM | SS$_INSFMEM | Not enough core |
| 13 EACCES | SS$_ABORT | Permission denied |
| 14 EFAULT | SS$_ACCVIO | Bad address |
| 15 ENOTBLK | SS$_ABORT | Block device required |
| 16 EBUSY | SS$_ABORT | Mount device busy |
| 17 EEXIST | SS$_FILALRACC | File exists |
| 18 EXDEV | SS$_ABORT | Cross-device link |
| 19 ENODEV | SS$_ABORT | No such device |
| 20 ENOTDIR | SS$_ABORT | Not a directory |
| 21 EISDIR | SS$_ABORT | Is a directory |
| 22 EINVAL | SS$_BADPARAM | Invalid argument |
| 23 ENFILE | SS$_ABORT | File table overflow |
| 24 EMFILE | SS$_ABORT | Too many open files |
| 25 ENOTTY | SS$_ABORT | Not a typewriter |
| 26 ETXTBSY | SS$_ABORT | Text file busy |
| 27 EFBIG | SS$_ABORT | File too large |
| 28 ENOSPC | SS$_ABORT | No space left on device |
| 29 ESPIPE | SS$_ABORT | Illegal seek |
| 30 EROFS | SS$_ABORT | Read-only file system |
| 31 EMLINK | SS$_ABORT | Too many links |
| 32 EPIPE | SS$_LINKDISCON | Broken pipe |
| 33 EDOM | SS$_BADPARAM | Argument too large |
| 34 ERANGE | SS$_TOOMUCHDATA | Result too large |
| 35 EWOULDBLOCK | SS$_SUSPENDED | Operation would block |
| 36 EINPROGRESS | SS$_ABORT | Operation now in progress |
| 37 EALREADY | SS$_ABORT | Operation already in progress |
| 38 ENOTSOCK | SS$_NOTNETDEV | Socket operation on nonsocket |
| 39 EDESTADDRREQ | SS$_NOSUCHNODE | Destination address required |
| 40 EMSGSIZE | SS$_TOOMUCHDATA | Message too long |
| 41 EPROTOTYPE | SS$_PROTOCOL | Protocol wrong type for socket |
| 42 ENOPROTOOPT | SS$_PROTOCOL | Protocol not available |
| 43 EPROTONOSUPPORT | SS$_PROTOCOL | Protocol not supported |
| 44 ESOCKTNOSUPPORT | SS$_PROTOCOL | Socket type not supported |
| 45 EOPNOTSUPP | SS$_ILLCNTRFUNC | Operation not supported on socket |
| 46 EPFNOSUPPORT | SS$_PROTOCOL | Protocol family not supported |
| 47 EAFNOSUPPORT | SS$_PROTOCOL | Address family not supported |
| 48 EADDRINUSE | SS$_DUPLNAM | Address already in use |
| 49 EADDRNOTAVAIL | SS$_IVADDR | Requested address cannot be assigned |
| 50 ENETDOWN | SS$_UNREACHABLE | Network is down |
| 51 ENETUNREACH | SS$_UNREACHABLE | Network is unreachable |
| 52 ENETRESET | SS$_RESET | Network dropped connection on reset |
| 53 ECONNABORTED | SS$_LINKABORT | Software caused connection abort |
| 54 ECONNRESET | SS$_CONNECFAIL | Connection reset by peer |
| 55 ENOBUFS | SS$_INSFMEM | No buffer space available |
| 56 EISCONN | SS$_FILALRACC | Socket is already connected |
| 57 ENOTCONN | SS$_NOLINKS | Socket is not connected |
| 58 ESHUTDOWN | SS$_SHUT | Cannot send after socket shutdown |
| 59 ETOOMANYREFS | SS$_ABORT | Too many references, cannot splice |
| 60 ETIMEDOUT | SS$_TIMEOUT | Connection timed out |
| 61 ECONNREFUSED | SS$_REJECT | Connection refused |
| 62 ELOOP | SS$_ABORT | Too many levels of symbolic links |
| 63 ENAMETOOLONG | SS$_ABORT | File name too long |
| 64 EHOSTDOWN | SS$_SHUT | Host is down |
| 65 EHOSTUNREACH | SS$_UNREACHABLE | No route to host |
Table E-1 lists the sample programs contained in this appendix and on line in the directory specified by the TCPIP$EXAMPLES system logical. See Table 1-4 and Table 1-5 for a complete list of all the sample programs provided on line in the TCPIP$EXAMPLES directory.
| File | Refer to... |
|---|---|
| TCPIP$TCP_CLIENT_SOCK.C | Section E.1.1 |
| TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_SOCK.C | Section E.1.2 |
| TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_SOCK_AUXS.C | Section E.1.3 |
| TCPIP$TCP_CLIENT_QIO.C | Section E.2.1 |
| TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_QIO.C | Section E.2.2 |
| TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_QIO_AUXS.C | Section E.2.3 |
| TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_SOCK.C | Section E.3.1 |
| TCPIP$UDP_SERVER_SOCK.C | Section E.3.2 |
| TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_QIO.C | Section E.4.1 |
| TCPIP$UDP_SERVER_QIO.C | Section E.4.2 |
E.1 TCP Client/Server Examples (Sockets API)
This section contains examples that show the following:
Example E-1 shows how a typical TCP IPv4 client uses the Sockets API to handle the tasks of creating a socket, initiating server connections, reading service connection data, and then terminating the server connections.
| Example E-1 TCP Client (Sockets API) |
|---|
#pragma module tcpip$tcp_client_sock \
"V5.1-00"
/*
* Copyright 2000 Compaq Computer Corporation
*
* COMPAQ Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
*
* Confidential computer software. Valid license from Compaq
* or authorized sublicensor required for possession, use or
* copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial
* Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and
* Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the
* U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.
*
* ++
* FACILITY:
*
* EXAMPLES
*
* ABSTRACT:
*
* This is an example of a TCP/IP IPv4 client using 4.x BSD
* socket Application Programming Interface (API) to handle
* network I/O operations.
*
* Refer to 'Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions' for
* details on how to build, configure, and run this program.
*
* ENVIRONMENT:
*
* OpenVMS Alpha/VAX V7.1
* TCP/IP Services V5.0 or higher
*
* AUTHOR:
*
* TCPIP Development Group, CREATION DATE: 23-May-1989
*
* --
*/
/* Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions */
/*
* BUILD INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To build this example program use commands of the form,
*
* using the DEC "C" compiler:
*
* $ cc/prefix=all TCPIP$TCP_CLIENT_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$TCP_CLIENT_SOCK
*
* using the DEC "C++" compiler:
*
* $ cxx/prefix=all/define=VMS TCPIP$TCP_CLIENT_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$TCP_CLIENT_SOCK
*
*
* CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* No special configuration required.
*
*
* RUN INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To run this example program:
*
* 1) Start the client's server program as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$tcp_server_sock
* Waiting for a client connection on port: m
*
* 2) After the server program blocks, start this client program,
* entering the server host as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$tcp_client_sock
* Enter remote host:
*
* Note: You can specify a server host by using either an IPv4
* address in dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.56)
* or a host domain name (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* 3) The client program then displays server connection information
* and server data as shown below:
*
* Initiated connection to host: a.b.c.d, port: n
* Data received: Hello, world!
*
* You can enter "ctrl/z" at any user prompt to terminate program
* execution.
*
*/
/*
* INCLUDE FILES:
*/
#include <in.h> /* define internet related constants, */
/* functions, and structures */
#include <inet.h> /* define network address info */
#include <netdb.h> /* define network database library info */
#include <socket.h> /* define BSD 4.x socket api */
#include <stdio.h> /* define standard i/o functions */
#include <stdlib.h> /* define standard library functions */
#include <string.h> /* define string handling functions */
#include <unixio.h> /* define unix i/o */
/*
* NAMED CONSTANTS:
*/
#define BUFSZ 1024 /* user input buffer size */
#define SERV_PORTNUM 12345 /* server port number */
/*
* FORWARD REFERENCES:
*/
int main( void ); /* client main */
void get_serv_addr( void * ); /* get server host address */
/* Client Main */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This is the client's main-line code. It handles all the tasks of the
* client including: socket creation, initiating server connections,
* reading server connection data, and terminating server connections.
*
* This example program implements a typical TCP IPv4 client using the
* BSD socket API to handle network i/o operations as shown below:
*
* 1) To create a socket:
*
* socket()
*
* 2) To initiate a connection:
*
* connect()
*
* 3) To transfer data:
*
* recv()
*
* 4) To shutdown a socket:
*
* shutdown()
*
* 5) To close a socket:
*
* close()
*
* This function is invoked by the DCL "RUN" command (see below); the
* function's completion status is interpreted by DCL and if needed,
* an error message is displayed.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* int main( void )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* completion status
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* ** None **
*
*/
int
main( void )
{
int sockfd; /* connection socket descriptor */
char buf[512]; /* client data buffer */
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; /* server socket address structure */
/*
* init server's socket address structure
*/
memset( &serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr) );
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons( SERV_PORTNUM );
get_serv_addr( &serv_addr.sin_addr );
/*
* create connection socket
*/
if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to create socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* connect to specified host and port number
*/
printf( "Initiated connection to host: %s, port: %d\n",
inet_ntoa(serv_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(serv_addr.sin_port)
);
if ( connect(sockfd,
(struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to connect to server" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* connection established with a server;
* now attempt to read on this connection
*/
if ( recv(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to read data from server connection" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
printf( "Data received: %s\n", buf ); /* output client's data buffer */
/*
* shutdown connection socket (both directions)
*/
if ( shutdown(sockfd, 2) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to shutdown server connection" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* close connection socket
*/
if ( close(sockfd) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to close socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
}
/* Get Server Host Address */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This function gets the server host's address from the user and then
* stores it in the server's socket address structure. Note that the
* user can specify a server host by using either an IPv4 address in
* dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.126) or a host domain name
* (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* Enter "ctrl/z" to terminate program execution.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* void get_serv_addr( void *addrptr )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* addrptr - pointer to socket address structure's 'sin_addr' field
* to store the specified network address
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* ** None **
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* Program execution is terminated if unable to read user's input
*
*/
void
get_serv_addr( void *addrptr )
{
char buf[BUFSZ];
struct in_addr val;
struct hostent *host;
while ( TRUE )
{
printf( "Enter remote host: " );
if ( fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL )
{
printf( "Failed to read User input\n" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = 0;
val.s_addr = inet_addr( buf );
if ( val.s_addr != INADDR_NONE )
{
memcpy( addrptr, &val, sizeof(struct in_addr) );
break;
}
if ( (host = gethostbyname(buf)) )
{
memcpy( addrptr, host->h_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr) );
break;
}
}
}
|
E.1.2 TCP Server
Example E-2 shows how a typical TCP IPv4 server uses the Sockets API
to handle the tasks of creating a socket, accepting or rejecting client
connections, writing client connection data, and then terminating
client connections.
| Example E-2 TCP Server (Sockets API) |
|---|
#pragma module tcpip$tcp_server_sock \
"V5.1-00"
/*
* Copyright 2000 Compaq Computer Corporation
*
* COMPAQ Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
*
* Confidential computer software. Valid license from Compaq
* or authorized sublicensor required for possession, use or
* copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial
* Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and
* Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the
* U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.
*
* ++
* FACILITY:
*
* EXAMPLES
*
* ABSTRACT:
*
* This is an example of a TCP/IP IPv4 server using 4.x BSD
* socket Application Programming Interface (API) to handle
* network I/O operations.
*
* Refer to 'Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions' for
* details on how to build, configure, and run this program.
*
* ENVIRONMENT:
*
* OpenVMS Alpha/VAX V7.1
* TCP/IP Services V5.0 or higher
*
* AUTHOR:
*
* TCPIP Development Group, CREATION DATE: 23-May-1989
*
* --
*/
/* Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions */
/*
* BUILD INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To build this example program use commands of the form,
*
* using the DEC "C" compiler:
*
* $ cc/prefix=all TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_SOCK
*
* using the DEC "C++" compiler:
*
* $ cxx/prefix=all/define=VMS TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$TCP_SERVER_SOCK
*
*
* CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* No special configuration required.
*
*
* RUN INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To run this example program:
*
* 1) Start this server program as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$tcp_server_sock
* Waiting for a client connection on port: m
*
* 2) After the server program blocks, start the client program,
* entering the server host as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$tcp_client_sock
* Enter remote host:
*
* Note: You can specify a server host by using either an IPv4
* address in dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.56)
* or a host domain name (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* 3) The server program then displays client connection information
* and client data as shown below:
*
* Accepted connection from host: a.b.c.d, port: n
* Data sent: Hello, world!
*
* You can enter "ctrl/z" at any user prompt to terminate program
* execution.
*
*/
/*
* INCLUDE FILES:
*/
#include <in.h> /* define internet related constants, */
/* functions, and structures */
#include <inet.h> /* define network address info */
#include <netdb.h> /* define network database library info */
#include <socket.h> /* define BSD 4.x socket api */
#include <stdio.h> /* define standard i/o functions */
#include <stdlib.h> /* define standard library functions */
#include <string.h> /* define string handling functions */
#include <unixio.h> /* define unix i/o */
/*
* NAMED CONSTANTS:
*/
#define SERV_BACKLOG 1 /* server backlog */
#define SERV_PORTNUM 12345 /* server port number */
/*
* FORWARD REFERENCES:
*/
int main( void ); /* server main */
/* Server Main */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This is the server's main-line code. It handles all the tasks of the
* server including: socket creation, accepting and/or rejecting client
* connections, writing client connection data, and terminating client
* connections.
*
* This example program implements a typical TCP IPv4 server using the
* BSD socket API to handle network i/o operations as shown below:
*
* 1) To create a socket:
*
* socket()
*
* 2) To set REUSEADDR socket option:
*
* setsockopt()
*
* 3) To bind internet address and port number to a socket:
*
* bind()
*
* 4) To set an active socket to a passive (listen) socket:
*
* listen()
*
* 5) To accept a connection request:
*
* accept()
*
* 6) To transfer data:
*
* send()
*
* 7) To shutdown a socket (both directions):
*
* shutdown()
*
* 8) To close a socket:
*
* close()
*
* This function is invoked by the DCL "RUN" command (see below); the
* function's completion status is interpreted by DCL and if needed,
* an error message is displayed.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* int main( void )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* completion status
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* ** None **
*
*/
int
main( void )
{
int optval = 1; /* SO_REUSEADDR'S option value (on) */
int conn_sockfd; /* connection socket descriptor */
int listen_sockfd; /* listen socket descriptor */
unsigned int client_addrlen; /* returned length of client socket */
/* address structure */
struct sockaddr_in client_addr; /* client socket address structure */
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; /* server socket address structure */
char buf[] = "Hello, World!"; /* server data buffer */
/*
* init client's socket address structure
*/
memset( &client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr) );
/*
* init server's socket address structure
*/
memset( &serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr) );
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons( SERV_PORTNUM );
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
/*
* create a listen socket
*/
if ( (listen_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to create socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* bind server's internet address and port number to listen socket
*/
if ( setsockopt(listen_sockfd,
SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &optval, sizeof(optval)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to set socket option" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
if ( bind(listen_sockfd,
(struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to bind socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* set listen socket as a passive socket
*/
if ( listen(listen_sockfd, SERV_BACKLOG) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to set socket passive" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* accept connection from a client
*/
printf( "Waiting for a client connection on port: %d\n",
ntohs(serv_addr.sin_port)
);
client_addrlen = sizeof(client_addr);
conn_sockfd = accept( listen_sockfd,
(struct sockaddr *) &client_addr,
&client_addrlen
);
if ( conn_sockfd < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to accept client connection" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
printf( "Accepted connection from host: %s, port: %d\n",
inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port)
);
/*
* connection established with a client;
* now attempt to write on this connection
*/
if ( send(conn_sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to write data to client connection" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
printf( "Data sent: %s\n", buf ); /* output server's data buffer */
/*
* shutdown connection socket (both directions)
*/
if ( shutdown(conn_sockfd, 2) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to shutdown client connection" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* close connection socket
*/
if ( close(conn_sockfd) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to close socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* close listen socket
*/
if ( close(listen_sockfd) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to close socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
}
|
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