After you have used the KAP protocol for either small or large programs, you can find ways to fine-tune KAP to fit your application.
This section helps you discover which KAP command-line qualifiers, directives, or assertions can be used to try to improve KAP performance for a particular application program. The following is a list of common goals and common program situations that KAP users often have, and it offers suggestions for possible improvements.
Remember that KAP is a tool to optimize Fortran code. Like any tool, it performs best when you are familiar with the details of how it works and are able to use its correctly and advantageously.
Although KAP default qualifier settings will achieve performance improvement, you can often achieve greater improvement if you understand and use alternate qualifier settings. Moreover, you can often insert directives or assertions to achieve improved performance.
See Table 2-1 for user actions and specific goals.
| Goal | User Action |
|---|---|
| Have a more informative listing to help answer your questions. | Use /lo=otkl or other
listing qualifiers under /listoptions command-
line qualifier. |
| Recognize more reductions. | Increase /roundoff
qualifier setting. |
| Answer a KAP generated question. | Use appropriate assertion. |
| Eliminate unnecessary last-value assignment. | Use C*$* assert no
last value needed or /assume without the l
qualifier; or try /save=manual . |
| Spend less time optimizing deeply nested loops. | Reduce /limit and /arclimit or
their directives. |
| Disable inner loop unrolling. | Use /unroll=1 or
/scalaropt < 2. |
| Disable outer loop unrolling. | Use /roundoff
< 3 or /scalaropt < 3. |
| Prevent a given loop from being optimized. | Use
C*$* assert do (serial) , C*$* assert do prefer
(serial), C*$* noconcurrentize, or C*$* optimize
(0) . (Remember to reenable optimization after the serial
loop.) |
| Disable some data dependence checking. | Use C*$* assert no recurrence
for one loop nest. |
| Expand (inline) subroutine calls within DO loops. | Use /inline,
/inline_from_files, or /inline_create and
/inline_from_libraries . Or, if the goal is to
execute the subroutine body concurrently, try /ipa
or C*$* assert concurrent call . |
| Inline more routines. | Increase /inline_
depth and
/inline_looplevel . (See also the C*$*
inline directive.) |
| Turn off directives and assertions. | Use the
/nodirectives qualifier. |
| Process a program that uses intentional array bounds violation. | Use C*$* assert bounds violations . |
| Use STATIC storage. | Insert SAVE
statements or use /save=all . |