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This section contains the following examples:
Example E-7 shows how a typical UDP IPv4 client uses the Sockets API to handle the tasks of creating a socket, writing server data, and deleting the socket.
| Example E-7 UDP Client (Sockets API) |
|---|
#pragma module tcpip$udp_client_sock \
"V5.1-00"
/*
* Copyright 2000 Compaq Computer Corporation
*
* COMPAQ Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
*
* Confidential computer software. Valid license from Compaq
* or authorized sublicensor required for possession, use or
* copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial
* Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and
* Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the
* U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.
*
* ++
* FACILITY:
*
* EXAMPLES
*
* ABSTRACT:
*
* This is an example of a UDP/IP IPv4 client using 4.x BSD
* socket Application Programming Interface (API) to handle
* network I/O operations.
*
* Refer to 'Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions' for
* details on how to build, configure, and run this program.
*
* ENVIRONMENT:
*
* OpenVMS Alpha/VAX V7.1
* TCP/IP Services V5.0 or higher
*
* AUTHOR:
*
* TCPIP Development Group, CREATION DATE: 23-May-1989
*
* --
*/
/* Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions */
/*
* BUILD INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To build this example program use commands of the form,
*
* using the DEC "C" compiler:
*
* $ cc/prefix=all TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_SOCK
*
* using the DEC "C++" compiler:
*
* $ cxx/prefix=all/define=VMS TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_SOCK
*
*
* CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* No special configuration required.
*
*
* RUN INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To run this example program:
*
* 1) Start the client's server program as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$udp_server_sock
* Waiting for a client datagram on port: m
*
* 2) After the server program blocks, start this client program,
* entering the server host as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$udp_client_sock
* Enter remote host:
*
* Note: You can specify a server host by using either an IPv4
* address in dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.56)
* or a host domain name (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* 3) The client program then displays server address information
* and server data as show below:
*
* Sent a datagram to host: a.b.c.d, port: n
* Data sent: Hello, world!
*
* You can enter "ctrl/z" at any user prompt to terminate program
* execution.
*
*/
/*
* INCLUDE FILES:
*/
#include <in.h> /* define internet related constants, */
/* functions, and structures */
#include <inet.h> /* define network address info */
#include <netdb.h> /* define network database library info */
#include <socket.h> /* define BSD 4.x socket api */
#include <stdio.h> /* define standard i/o functions */
#include <stdlib.h> /* define standard library functions */
#include <string.h> /* define string handling functions */
#include <unixio.h> /* define unix i/o */
/*
* NAMED CONSTANTS:
*/
#define BUFSZ 1024 /* user input buffer size */
#define SERV_PORTNUM 12345 /* server port number */
/*
* FORWARD REFERENCES:
*/
int main( void ); /* client main */
void get_serv_addr( void * ); /* get server host address */
/* Client Main */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This is the client's main-line code. It handles all the tasks of the
* client including: socket creation, writing server data, and deleting
* the socket.
*
* This example program implements a typical UDP IPv4 client using the
* BSD socket API to handle network i/o operations as shown below:
*
* 1) To create a socket:
*
* socket()
*
* 2) To transfer data:
*
* sendto()
*
* 3) To close a socket:
*
* close()
*
* This function is invoked by the DCL "RUN" command (see below); the
* function's completion status is interpreted by DCL and if needed,
* an error message is displayed.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* int main( void )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* completion status
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* ** None **
*
*/
int
main( void )
{
int sockfd; /* udp socket descriptor */
char buf[] = "Hello, World!"; /* client data buffer */
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; /* server socket address structure */
/*
* init server's socket address structure
*/
memset( &serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr) );
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons( SERV_PORTNUM );
get_serv_addr( &serv_addr.sin_addr );
/*
* create udp socket
*/
if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to create socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* write datagram to server
*/
if ( sendto(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to write datagram to server" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
printf( "Sent a datagram to host: %s, port: %d\n",
inet_ntoa(serv_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(serv_addr.sin_port)
);
printf( "Data sent: %s\n", buf ); /* output data buffer */
/*
* close udp socket
*/
if ( close(sockfd) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to close socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
}
/* Get Server Host Address */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This function gets the server host's address from the user and then
* stores it in the server's socket address structure. Note that the
* user can specify a server host by using either an IPv4 address in
* dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.126) or a host domain name
* (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* Enter "ctrl/z" to terminate program execution.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* void get_serv_addr( void *addrptr )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* addrptr - pointer to socket address structure's 'sin_addr' field
* to store the specified network address
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* ** None **
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* Program execution is terminated if unable to read user's input.
*
*/
void
get_serv_addr( void *addrptr )
{
char buf[BUFSZ];
struct in_addr val;
struct hostent *host;
while ( TRUE )
{
printf( "Enter remote host: " );
if ( fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL )
{
printf( "Failed to read user input\n" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = 0;
val.s_addr = inet_addr( buf );
if ( val.s_addr != INADDR_NONE )
{
memcpy( addrptr, &val, sizeof(struct in_addr) );
break;
}
if ( (host = gethostbyname(buf)) )
{
memcpy( addrptr, host->h_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr) );
break;
}
}
}
|
E.3.2 UDP Server
Example E-8 shows how a typical UDP IPv4 server uses the Sockets API
to handle the tasks of creating a socket, binding a socket to the
server's internet address and port, and reading client data.
| Example E-8 UDP Server (Sockets API) |
|---|
#pragma module tcpip$udp_server_sock \
"V5.1-00"
/*
* Copyright 2000 Compaq Computer Corporation
*
* COMPAQ Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
*
* Confidential computer software. Valid license from Compaq
* or authorized sublicensor required for possession, use or
* copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial
* Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and
* Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the
* U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.
*
* ++
* FACILITY:
*
* EXAMPLES
*
* ABSTRACT:
*
* This is an example of a UDP/IP IPv4 server using 4.x BSD
* socket Application Programming Interface (API) to handle
* network I/O operations.
*
* Refer to 'Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions' for
* details on how to build, configure, and run this program.
*
* ENVIRONMENT:
*
* OpenVMS Alpha/VAX V7.1
* TCP/IP Services V5.0 or higher
*
* AUTHOR:
*
* TCPIP Development Group, CREATION DATE: 23-May-1989
*
* --
*/
/* Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions */
/*
* BUILD INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To build this example program use commands of the form,
*
* using the DEC "C" compiler:
*
* $ cc/prefix=all TCPIP$UDP_SERVER_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$UDP_SERVER_SOCK
*
* using the DEC "C++" compiler:
*
* $ cxx/prefix=all/define=VMS TCPIP$UDP_SERVER_SOCK.C
* $ link TCPIP$UDP_SERVER_SOCK
*
*
* CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* No special configuration required.
*
*
* RUN INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To run this example program:
*
* 1) Start this server program server as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$udp_server_sock
* Waiting for a client datagram on port: m
*
* 2) After the server program blocks, start the client program,
* entering the server host as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$udp_client_sock
* Enter remote host:
*
* Note: You can specify a server host by using either an IPv4
* address in dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.56)
* or a host domain name (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* 3) The server program then displays client address information
* and client data as show below:
*
* Received a datagram from host: a.b.c.d, port: n
* Data received: Hello, world!
*
* You can enter "ctrl/z" at any user prompt to terminate program
* execution.
*
*/
/*
* INCLUDE FILES:
*/
#include <in.h> /* define internet related constants, */
/* functions, and structures */
#include <inet.h> /* define network address info */
#include <netdb.h> /* define network database library info */
#include <socket.h> /* define BSD 4.x socket api */
#include <stdio.h> /* define standard i/o functions */
#include <stdlib.h> /* define standard library functions */
#include <string.h> /* define string handling functions */
#include <unixio.h> /* define unix i/o */
/*
* NAMED CONSTANTS:
*/
#define SERV_PORTNUM 12345 /* server port number */
/*
* FORWARD REFERENCES:
*/
int main( void ); /* server main */
/* Server Main */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This is the server's main-line code. It handles all the tasks of the
* server including: socket creation, binding a socket to the server's
* internet address and port, and reading client data.
*
* This example program implements a typical UDP IPv4 server using the
* BSD socket API to handle network i/o operations as shown below:
*
* 1) To create a socket:
*
* socket()
*
* 2) To set REUSEADDR socket option:
*
* setsockopt()
*
* 3) To bind internet address and port number to a socket:
*
* bind()
*
* 4) To transfer data:
*
* recvfrom()
*
* 5) To close a socket:
*
* close()
*
* This function is invoked by the DCL "RUN" command (see below); the
* function's completion status is interpreted by DCL and if needed,
* an error message is displayed.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* int main( void )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* completion status
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* ** None **
*
*/
int
main( void )
{
char buf[512]; /* server data buffer */
int optval = 1; /* SO_REUSEADDR'S option value (on) */
int sockfd; /* socket descriptor */
unsigned int client_addrlen; /* returned length of client socket */
/* address structure */
struct sockaddr_in client_addr; /* client socket address structure */
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; /* server socket address structure */
/*
* init client's socket address structure
*/
memset( &client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr) );
/*
* init server's socket address structure
*/
memset( &serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr) );
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons( SERV_PORTNUM );
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
/*
* create a udp socket
*/
if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to create socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* bind server's internet address and port number to socket
*/
if ( setsockopt(sockfd,
SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &optval, sizeof(optval)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to set socket option" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
if ( bind(sockfd,
(struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to bind socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
/*
* read datagram from client
*/
printf( "Waiting for a client datagram on port: %d\n",
ntohs(serv_addr.sin_port)
);
client_addrlen = sizeof(client_addr);
if ( recvfrom(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &client_addr, &client_addrlen) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to read datagram from client" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
printf( "Received a datagram from host: %s, port: %d\n",
inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port)
);
printf( "Data received: %s\n", buf ); /* output client's data buffer */
/*
* close udp socket
*/
if ( close(sockfd) < 0 )
{
perror( "Failed to close socket" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
}
|
This section contains the following examples:
Example E-9 shows how a typical UDP IPv4 client uses $QIO system services to handle the tasks of creating a socket, writing server data, and deleting the socket.
| Example E-9 UDP Client (System Services) |
|---|
#pragma module tcpip$udp_client_qio \
"V5.1-00"
/*
* Copyright 2000 Compaq Computer Corporation
*
* COMPAQ Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
*
* Confidential computer software. Valid license from Compaq
* or authorized sublicensor required for possession, use or
* copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial
* Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and
* Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the
* U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.
*
* ++
* FACILITY:
*
* EXAMPLES
*
* ABSTRACT:
*
* This is an example of a UDP/IP IPv4 client using OpenVMS
* QIO system services to handle network I/O operations.
*
* Refer to 'Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions' for
* details on how to build, configure, and run this program.
*
* ENVIRONMENT:
*
* OpenVMS Alpha/VAX V7.1
* TCP/IP Services V5.0 or higher
*
* AUTHOR:
*
* TCPIP Development Group, CREATION DATE: 23-May-1989
*
* --
*/
/* Build, Configuration, and Run Instructions */
/*
* BUILD INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To build this example program use commands of the form,
*
* using the DEC "C" compiler:
*
* $ cc/prefix=all TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_QIO.C
* $ link TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_QIO
*
* using the DEC "C++" compiler:
*
* $ cxx/prefix=all/define=VMS TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_QIO.C
* $ link TCPIP$UDP_CLIENT_QIO
*
*
* CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* No special configuration required.
*
*
* RUN INSTRUCTIONS:
*
* To run this example program:
*
* 1) Start the client's server program as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$udp_server_qio
* Waiting for a client datagram on port: m
*
* 2) After the server program blocks, start this client program,
* entering the server host as shown below:
*
* $ run tcpip$udp_client_qio
* Enter remote host:
*
* Note: You can specify a server host by using either an IPv4
* address in dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.56)
* or a host domain name (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* 3) The client program then displays server address information
* and server data as show below:
*
* Sent a datagram to host: a.b.c.d, port: n
* Data sent: Hello, world!
*
* You can enter "ctrl/z" at any user prompt to terminate program
* execution.
*
*/
/*
* INCLUDE FILES:
*/
#include <descrip.h> /* define OpenVMS descriptors */
#include <efndef.h> /* define 'EFN$C_ENF' event flag */
#include <in.h> /* define internet related constants, */
/* functions, and structures */
#include <inet.h> /* define network address info */
#include <iodef.h> /* define i/o function codes */
#include <netdb.h> /* define network database library info */
#include <ssdef.h> /* define system service status codes */
#include <starlet.h> /* define system service calls */
#include <stdio.h> /* define standard i/o functions */
#include <stdlib.h> /* define standard library functions */
#include <string.h> /* define string handling functions */
#include <stsdef.h> /* define condition value fields */
#include <tcpip$inetdef.h> /* define tcp/ip network constants, */
/* structures, and functions */
/*
* NAMED CONSTANTS:
*/
#define BUFSZ 1024 /* user input buffer size */
#define SERV_PORTNUM 12345 /* server port number */
/*
* STRUCTURE DEFINITIONS:
*/
struct iosb
{ /* i/o status block */
unsigned short status; /* i/o completion status */
unsigned short bytcnt; /* bytes transferred if read/write */
void *details; /* address of buffer or parameter */
};
struct itemlst_2
{ /* item-list 2 descriptor/element */
unsigned short length; /* length */
unsigned short type; /* parameter type */
void *address; /* address of item list */
};
struct sockchar
{ /* socket characteristics buffer */
unsigned short prot; /* protocol */
unsigned char type; /* type */
unsigned char af; /* address format */
};
/*
* FORWARD REFERENCES:
*/
int main( void ); /* client main */
void get_serv_addr( void * ); /* get server host address */
/* Client Main */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This is the client's main-line code. It handles all the tasks of the
* client including: socket creation, writing server data, and deleting
* the socket.
*
* This example program implements a typical UDP IPv4 client using QIO
* system services to handle network i/o operations as shown below:
*
* 1) To create a socket:
*
* sys$assign() and sys$qiow(IO$_SETMODE)
*
* 2) To transfer data:
*
* sys$qiow(IO$_WRITEVBLK)
*
* 3) To close and delete a socket:
*
* sys$qiow(IO$_DEACCESS) and sys$dassgn()
*
* This function is invoked by the DCL "RUN" command (see below); the
* function's completion status is interpreted by DCL and if needed,
* an error message is displayed.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* int main( void )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* completion status
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* ** None **
*
*/
int
main( void )
{
struct iosb iosb; /* i/o status block */
unsigned int status; /* system service return status */
unsigned short inet_channel; /* inet device i/o channel */
struct sockchar udp_sockchar; /* udp socket char buffer */
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; /* server socket address structure */
struct itemlst_2 serv_itemlst; /* server item-list 2 descriptor */
$DESCRIPTOR( inet_device, /* string descriptor with logical */
"TCPIP$DEVICE" ); /* name of internet pseudodevice */
char buf[] = "Hello, World!"; /* client data buffer */
int buflen = sizeof( buf ); /* length of client data buffer */
/*
* init client socket characteristics buffer
*/
udp_sockchar.prot = TCPIP$C_UDP;
udp_sockchar.type = TCPIP$C_DGRAM;
udp_sockchar.af = TCPIP$C_AF_INET;
/*
* init server's item-list descriptor
*/
memset( &serv_itemlst, 0, sizeof(serv_itemlst) );
serv_itemlst.length = sizeof( serv_addr );
serv_itemlst.address = &serv_addr;
/*
* init server's socket address structure
*/
memset( &serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr) );
serv_addr.sin_family = TCPIP$C_AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons( SERV_PORTNUM );
get_serv_addr( &serv_addr.sin_addr );
/*
* assign device socket
*/
status = sys$assign( &inet_device, /* device name */
&inet_channel, /* i/o channel */
0, /* access mode */
0 /* not used */
);
if ( !(status & STS$M_SUCCESS) )
{
printf( "Failed to assign i/o channel to TCPIP device\n" );
exit( status );
}
/*
* create udp socket
*/
status = sys$qiow( EFN$C_ENF, /* event flag */
inet_channel, /* i/o channel */
IO$_SETMODE, /* i/o function code */
&iosb, /* i/o status block */
0, /* ast service routine */
0, /* ast parameter */
&udp_sockchar, /* p1 - socket char buffer */
0, /* p2 */
0, /* p3 */
0, /* p4 */
0, /* p5 */
0 /* p6 */
);
if ( status & STS$M_SUCCESS )
status = iosb.status;
if ( !(status & STS$M_SUCCESS) )
{
printf( "Failed to create socket\n" );
exit( status );
}
/*
* write datagram to server
*/
status = sys$qiow( EFN$C_ENF, /* event flag */
inet_channel, /* i/o channel */
IO$_WRITEVBLK, /* i/o function code */
&iosb, /* i/o status block */
0, /* ast service routine */
0, /* ast parameter */
buf, /* p1 - buffer address */
buflen, /* p2 - buffer length */
&serv_itemlst, /* p3 - remote socket name */
0, /* p4 */
0, /* p5 */
0 /* p6 */
);
if ( status & STS$M_SUCCESS )
status = iosb.status;
if ( !(status & STS$M_SUCCESS) )
{
printf( "Failed to write datagram to server\n" );
exit( status );
}
printf( "Sent a datagram to host: %s, port: %d\n",
inet_ntoa(serv_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(serv_addr.sin_port)
);
printf( "Data sent: %s\n", buf ); /* output data buffer */
/*
* close udp socket
*/
status = sys$qiow( EFN$C_ENF, /* event flag */
inet_channel, /* i/o channel */
IO$_DEACCESS, /* i/o function code */
&iosb, /* i/o status block */
0, /* ast service routine */
0, /* ast parameter */
0, /* p1 */
0, /* p2 */
0, /* p3 */
0, /* p4 */
0, /* p5 */
0 /* p6 */
);
if ( status & STS$M_SUCCESS )
status = iosb.status;
if ( !(status & STS$M_SUCCESS) )
{
printf( "Failed to close socket\n" );
exit( status );
}
/*
* deassign device socket
*/
status = sys$dassgn( inet_channel );
if ( !(status & STS$M_SUCCESS) )
{
printf( "Failed to deassign i/o channel to TCPIP device\n" );
exit( status );
}
exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
}
/* Get Server Host Address */
/*
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:
*
* This function gets the server host's address from the user and then
* stores it in the server's socket address structure. Note that the
* user can specify a server host by using either an IPv4 address in
* dotted-decimal notation (e.g. 16.20.10.126) or a host domain name
* (e.g. serverhost.compaq.com).
*
* Enter "ctrl/z" to terminate program execution.
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* void get_serv_addr( void *addrptr )
*
* FORMAL PARAMETERS:
*
* addrptr - pointer to socket address structure's 'sin_addr' field
* to store the specified network address
*
* IMPLICIT INPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* IMPLICIT OUTPUTS:
*
* ** None **
*
* FUNCTION VALUE:
*
* ** None **
*
* SIDE EFFECTS:
*
* Program execution is terminated if unable to read user's input.
*
*/
void
get_serv_addr( void *addrptr )
{
char buf[BUFSZ];
struct in_addr val;
struct hostent *host;
while ( TRUE )
{
printf( "Enter remote host: " );
if ( fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL )
{
printf( "Failed to read user input\n" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
buf[strlen(buf)-1] = 0;
val.s_addr = inet_addr( buf );
if ( val.s_addr != INADDR_NONE )
{
memcpy( addrptr, &val, sizeof(struct in_addr) );
break;
}
if ( (host = gethostbyname(buf)) )
{
memcpy( addrptr, host->h_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr) );
break;
}
}
}
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