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10.8.11.3 Rolling Forward

When rolling totals forward, the SUM clause adds a sum counter from a lower-level CONTROL FOOTING report group to a sum counter in a higher-level footing group. The control logic and necessary control hierarchy for rolling counters forward begins in the CONTROL clause.

In the following example, WEEK-AMT is a sum counter found in the lower-level CONTROL FOOTING group, EACH-WEEK. This sum counter is named in the SUM clause in the higher-level CONTROL FOOTING report group, EACH-MONTH. The value of each WEEK-AMT sum is added to the higher-level counter just before the lower-level CONTROL FOOTING group is printed. 


RD   EXPENSE-FILE. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
     CONTROLS ARE EACH-MONTH, EACH-WEEK. 
01   TYPE CONTROL FOOTING EACH-WEEK. 
     02  LINE PLUS 2. 
        03  COLUMN 1             PIC IS X(30) 
            VALUE IS             "TOTAL EXPENSES FOR WEEK/ENDING". 
        03  COLUMN 33            PIC IS X(9)    SOURCE IS MONTH. 
        03  COLUMN 42            PIC IS X(2)    SOURCE IS DAY. 
        03  WEEK-AMT             COLUMN 45  
                                 PIC ZZ9.99     SUM COST. 
 
01   TYPE CONTROL FOOTING EACH-MONTH. 
     02  LINE PLUS 2. 
        03  COLUMN 10  PIC X(18)  VALUE IS "TOTAL EXPENSES FOR". 
        03  COLUMN 29  PIC X(9)   SOURCE MONTH. 
        03  COLUMN 50  PIC ZZ9.99 SUM WEEK-AMT.

The following output is a result of rolling the totals forward: 


                1         2         3         4         5 
column 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345 
       TOTAL EXPENSES FOR DECEMBER             379.19

10.8.11.4 RESET Option

When a CONTROL FOOTING group is printed, the SUM counter in that group is automatically reset to zero. If you want to specify when a SUM counter is reset to zero, use the RESET phrase. RESET names a data item in a higher-level CONTROL FOOTING that will cause the SUM counter to be reset to zero. RESET is used only with a SUM clause.

The following example sums SALES, resetting the counter to zero only when it encounters a new year (YEAR). This prevents the sum from being reset to zero when a new month causes a control break, giving a running total of the months within the year. 


RD   SALES-REPORT. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
     CONTROLS ARE YEAR, EACH-MONTH, EACH-WEEK. 
 
     . 
     . 
     . 
01   TYPE CONTROL FOOTING EACH-MONTH 
     02  COLUMN 10   PIC ZZ9.99  SUM SALES RESET ON YEAR.

10.8.11.5 UPON Option

Another SUM option is the UPON phrase. This phrase allows selective subtotaling for the DETAIL Report Group named in the phrase. When you use the UPON phrase, you cannot reference the sum counter in the SUM clause. You can use any File or Working-Storage Section elementary numeric data item.

When you code the UPON option with the SUM clause, the value of the data items of the SUM clause will be added whenever the TYPE DETAIL report group you name in the UPON option is generated. 


WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
01   WORK-AREA. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
     03  ADD-COUNTER            PIC 9     VALUE 1. 
 
REPORT SECTION. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
01   FIRST-DETAIL-LINE TYPE IS DETAIL LINE IS PLUS 2. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
01   TYPE IS CONTROL FOOTING FINAL. 
 
     05  LINE IS PLUS 3. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
     05  LINE PLUS 2. 
         10  COLUMN 5           PIC Z(3)9  SUM ADD-COUNTER 
                                           UPON FIRST-DETAIL-LINE.

In the preceding example, the value of ADD-COUNTER is added to the CONTROL FOOTING FINAL counter every time the FIRST-DETAIL-LINE report group is generated.

10.8.12 Restricting Print Items

In a Report Writer program, the GROUP INDICATE clause eliminates repeated information from report detail lines by allowing an elementary item in a DETAIL report group to be printed only the first time after a control or page break. The following example illustrates the use of this clause: 


01  DETAIL-LINE TYPE DETAIL LINE PLUS 1. 
 
    05  COLUMN 1 GROUP INDICATE PIC X(6) VALUE "SALES:". 
*       (prints only the first time after a control or page break) 
 
    05  COLUMN 10 PIC X(10) SOURCE BRANCH. 
*         (prints each time)

These statements produce the following lines: 


SALES:   BRANCH-A 
 
         BRANCH-B 
 
         BRANCH-C

The next two examples are nearly identical programs; the only difference is the use of the GROUP INDICATE clause in the second example.

The following program does not contain a GROUP INDICATE clause: 


                   01   DETAIL-LINE TYPE IS DETAIL 
                                   LINE IS PLUS 1. 
                        02  COLUMN 1  PIC X(15) 
                                   SOURCE A-NAME. 
                        02  COLUMN 20 PIC 9(6) 
                                   SOURCE A-REG-NO.

It produces the following output: 


                            1         2         3 
                   123456789012345678901234567890 
                   Name               Registration 
                                      Number 
 
                   Rolans  R.         123456 
                   Rolans  R.         123457 
                   Rolans  R.         123458 
                   Vencher R.         654321 
                   Vencher R.         654322 
                   Vencher R.         654323 
                   Vencher R.         654324 
                   Anders J.          987654 
                   Anders J.          987655 
                   Anders J.          987656

The following example contains a GROUP INDICATE clause: 


                   01   DETAIL-LINE TYPE IS DETAIL 
                                   LINE IS PLUS 1. 
                        02  COLUMN 1  PIC X(15) 
                                   SOURCE A-NAME 
                                   GROUP INDICATE. 
                        02  COLUMN 20  PIC 9(6) 
                                   SOURCE A-REG-NO.

With the GROUP INDICATE clause, the program produces the following output: 


                            1         2         3 
                   123456789012345678901234567890 
                   Name               Registration 
                                      Number 
 
                   Rolans  R.         123456 
                                      123457 
                                      123458 
                   Vencher R.         654321 
                                      654322 
                                      654323 
                                      654324 
                   Anders J.          987654 
                                      987655 
                                      987656

10.8.13 Processing a Report Writer Report

In a Report Writer program, you usually use the following five statements:

You must use the INITIATE, GENERATE, and TERMINATE statements. The USE BEFORE REPORTING and the SUPPRESS statements are optional.

Before any Report Writer statement is executed, the report file must be open.

10.8.13.1 Initiating the Report

The INITIATE statement begins the report processing and is executed before any GENERATE or TERMINATE statements. The report name used in this statement is specified in the RD entry in the Report Section and in the REPORT clause of the FD entry for the file to which the report is written.

INITIATE sets PAGE-COUNTER to 1, LINE-COUNTER to zero, and all SUM counters to zero.

This program code uses the code in Section 10.8.2. 


PROCEDURE DIVISION. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
MAIN SECTION. 
000-START. 
     OPEN INPUT CUSTOMER-FILE. 
     OPEN OUTPUT PRINTER-FILE. 
     . 
     . 
     . 
     INITIATE MASTER-LIST.

A second INITIATE statement for the same report must not be executed until a TERMINATE statement for the report has been executed (see Section 10.8.13.4).

10.8.13.2 Generating a Report Writer Report

The GENERATE statement prints the report.

You can produce either detail or summary reports depending on the GENERATE identifier. If you code the name of a DETAIL report group with GENERATE, you create a detail report; if you code a report name with GENERATE, you create a summary report.

10.8.13.3 Automatic Operations of the GENERATE Statement

When the first GENERATE statement is executed, the following report groups are printed, if they are specified in the program:

A USE BEFORE REPORTING declarative can also execute just before the associated report group is produced, to produce a cover page for the report, for example.

Note
Figure 10-11 and Figure 10-12 illustrate the major flow of operations, but do not cover all possible operations associated with a GENERATE statement.

Figure 10-11 shows the sequence of operations for the first GENERATE statement.

Figure 10-11 First GENERATE Statement

For subsequent GENERATE statements in the program, the following operations take place:

Figure 10-12 shows the sequence of operations for all GENERATE statements except the first. See Figure 10-11 for a comparison with the sequence of operations for the first GENERATE statement.

Figure 10-12 Subsequent GENERATE Statements

10.8.13.4 Ending Report Writer Processing

The TERMINATE statement completes the processing of a report.

Like INITIATE, the TERMINATE statement report name is specified in the RD entry in the Report Section and in the REPORT clause of the FD entry for the file to which the report is written.

When the TERMINATE statement is executed, breaks occur for all control fields, and all control footings are written; any page footings and report footings are also written. 


PROCEDURE DIVISION. 
. 
. 
. 
300-END-OF-FILE. 
    TERMINATE MASTER-LIST. 
    CLOSE CUSTOMER-FILE, PRINTER-FILE. 
    STOP RUN.

If no GENERATE statement has been executed for the report, the TERMINATE statement does not produce any report groups.

A second TERMINATE statement for the report must not be executed before a second INITIATE statement for the report has been executed.

The TERMINATE statement does not close the report file; a CLOSE statement must be executed after the TERMINATE statement.

Figure 10-13 shows the sequence of operations for TERMINATE.

Figure 10-13 TERMINATE Statement

10.8.13.5 Applying the USE BEFORE REPORTING Statement

In a COBOL program, you specify a Declarative section to define procedures that supplement the standard procedures of the program. Note that in a Report Writer program, you can specify the USE BEFORE REPORTING statement. This USE BEFORE REPORTING statement gives you more control over the data to be printed in a Report Writer program.

The USE BEFORE REPORTING statement:

The following example indicates that the phrase BEGINNING-OF-REPORT is to be displayed just before the REPORT HEADING group named REPORT-HEADER; the phrase END-OF-REPORT is to be displayed just before the REPORT FOOTING group called REPORT-FOOTER. 


PROCEDURE DIVISION. 
DECLARATIVES. 
BOR SECTION. 
     USE BEFORE REPORTING REPORT-HEADER. 
BOR-A. 
     DISPLAY "BEGINNING-OF-REPORT". 
EOR SECTION. 
     USE BEFORE REPORTING REPORT-FOOTER. 
EOR-A. 
     DISPLAY "END-OF-REPORT". 
END DECLARATIVES.

Note that you cannot use INITIATE, GENERATE, or TERMINATE in a Declarative procedure.

10.8.13.6 Suppressing a Report Group

You can also use the SUPPRESS statement in a USE BEFORE REPORTING procedure to suppress the printing of a report group. For example, you can suppress printing of an unnecessary total line, such as a line for a monthly sales total that has only one sale or a line of zeros.

The SUPPRESS statement nullifies any NEXT GROUP and LINE clauses, but leaves the LINE-COUNTER value unchanged.

Note that the SUPPRESS statement applies only to that particular instance of the report group; that group will be printed the next time unless the SUPPRESS statement is executed again.

The SUPPRESS statement has no effect on sum counters.

10.8.14 Selecting a Report Writer Report Type

You can print two types of reports using the Report Writer feature. In a detail report, you print primary data information as well as totals. In a summary report, you print only control heading and footing information (such as report data headings and totals) and exclude detail input record information.

Section 10.9 provides examples of detail and summary reports.

10.8.14.1 Detail Reporting

In detail reporting, at least one printable TYPE DETAIL report group must be specified. A GENERATE statement produces the specified TYPE DETAIL report group and performs all the automatic operations of the Report Writer facility as specified in the report group entries (see Section 10.8.13.3).

In the following example, DETAIL-LINE is the name of the DETAIL report group. When this GENERATE statement executes, a detail report is printed. 


200-READ-MASTER. 
    READ CUSTOMER-FILE AT END MOVE HIGH-VALUES TO NAME. 
    IF NAME NOT = HIGH-VALUES GENERATE DETAIL-LINE.

10.8.14.2 Summary Reporting

In summary reporting, the GENERATE statement performs all of the automatic operations of the Report Writer facility, but does not produce any TYPE DETAIL report groups.

A report name references the name of an RD entry. If MASTER-LIST is an RD entry, then GENERATE MASTER-LIST produces HEADING and FOOTING report groups (in the order defined), but omits DETAIL report group lines.

10.9 Report Writer Examples

This section provides you with the input data and sample reports produced by five Report Writer programs. Each sample report has a program summary section that describes the Report Writer features used in that program; you can examine the summary and output to determine the usage of Report Writer features. Note that each sample report is followed by the program that was used to generate it.

Also, many of the report pages in Reports 2 through 5 have been compressed into fewer pages than you would normally find. For example, a report title page is typically found on a separate page. Whether you are producing a report for yourself or for a customer, you must begin by designing the report.

Note
On OpenVMS, the Report Writer facility produces a report file in print-file format. When Report Writer positions the file at the top of the next logical page, it positions the pointer by line spacing, rather than page ejection or form feed.

The default OpenVMS PRINT command inserts a form-feed character when a form is within four lines of the bottom. Therefore, when the default PRINT command refers to a Report Writer file, unexpected page spacing can result.

The /NOFEED file qualifier of the PRINT command suppresses the insertion of form-feed characters and prints Report Writer files correctly. Consequently, you should use the /NOFEED qualifier when you use the Report Writer facility to print a report on OpenVMS. <>

10.9.1 Input Data

The data records shown in Figure 10-14 are used for the programs in this section.

Figure 10-14 Sample MASTER.DAT File

10.9.2 EX1006---Detail Report Program

EX1006 uses the PAGE HEADING, DETAIL, and CONTROL FOOTING report groups and produces a detail report---EX1006.LIS.

To get EX1006.LIS, you use the following commands:

On OpenVMS 


$ COBOL EX1006
 
$ LINK EX1006
 
$ RUN EX1006
 
$ PRINT/NOFEED EX1006.LIS                 <>

Note that the case of the command parameters is insignificant in the preceding command example.

On Tru64 UNIX 


% cobol ex1006.cob
 
% a.out
 
% lpr EX1006.LIS                          <>

Note that the case of the file name, EX1006.LIS, is significant in the preceding command example, because the file specification in the ASSIGN statement in Example 10-6 was given in upper case. The program (EX1006) in Example 10-6 produces the output shown in Figure 10-15 (EX1006.LIS).

Example 10-6 Sample Program EX1006 

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. 
PROGRAM-ID. EX1006. 
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. 
CONFIGURATION SECTION. 
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION. 
FILE-CONTROL. 
        SELECT CUSTOMER-FILE ASSIGN TO "MASTER.DAT". 
        SELECT SORT-FILE     ASSIGN TO "EX1006-SORTIN.TMP". 
        SELECT SORTED-FILE   ASSIGN TO "EX1006-SORTOUT.TMP". 
        SELECT PRINTER-FILE  ASSIGN TO "EX1006.LIS". 
DATA DIVISION. 
FILE SECTION. 
SD      SORT-FILE. 
01      SORTED-CUSTOMER-MASTER-FILE. 
        02  SORT-NAME                   PIC X(26). 
        02                              PIC X(73). 
             FD      CUSTOMER-FILE. 
01      CUSTOMER-MASTER-FILE            PIC X(99). 
FD      SORTED-FILE. 
 
01      CUSTOMER-MASTER-FILE. 
        02  NAME. 
                03  LAST-NAME           PIC X(15). 
                03  FIRST-NAME          PIC X(10). 
                03  MIDDLE-INIT         PIC X. 
        02  ADDRESS                     PIC X(20). 
        02  CITY                        PIC X(20). 
        02  STATE                       PIC XX. 
        02  ZIP                         PIC 99999. 
        02  SALESMAN-NUMBER             PIC 99999. 
                     02  INVOICE-DATA. 
                03  INVOICE-NUMBER      PIC 999999. 
                03  INVOICE-SALES       PIC S9(5)V99. 
                03  INVOICE-DATE. 
                        04  INV-DAY     PIC 99. 
                        04  INV-MO      PIC 99. 
                        04  INV-YR      PIC 9999. 
 
FD      PRINTER-FILE 
        REPORT IS MASTER-LIST. 
 
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 
 
01      UNEDITED-DATE. 
        02  UE-YEAR     PIC 9999. 
        02  UE-MONTH    PIC 99. 
        02  UE-DAY      PIC 99. 
        02  FILLER      PIC X(6). 
01      ONE-COUNT       PIC 9 VALUE 1. 
 
REPORT SECTION. 
 
RD      MASTER-LIST 
        PAGE LIMIT IS 66 
        HEADING      1 
        FIRST DETAIL 13 
        LAST DETAIL  55 
        CONTROL IS FINAL. 
01      TYPE IS PAGE HEADING. 
        02      LINE  5. 
                03      COLUMN 1 
                        PIC X(27) VALUE "CUSTOMER MASTER FILE REPORT". 
                03      COLUMN 105 
                        PIC X(4)  VALUE "PAGE". 
                03      COLUMN 109 
                        PIC ZZZ9 
                        SOURCE PAGE-COUNTER. 
                02      LINE  7. 
                03      COLUMN  1 
                        PIC X VALUE "+". 
                03      COLUMN 2 
                        PIC X(110) VALUE ALL "-". 
                03      COLUMN 112 
                        PIC X VALUE "+". 
        02      LINE  8. 
                03      COLUMN  1 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 10 
                        PIC X(4) VALUE "NAME". 
                03      COLUMN 29 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN  43 
                        PIC X(7) VALUE "ADDRESS". 
                03      COLUMN  81 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN  91 
                        PIC X(7) VALUE "INVOICE". 
                03      COLUMN 112 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
 
                02      LINE  9. 
                03      COLUMN  1 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 2 
                        PIC X(110) VALUE ALL "-". 
                03      COLUMN 112 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
        02      LINE  10. 
                03      COLUMN  1 
                        PIC X(6) VALUE "| LAST". 
                03      COLUMN  16 
                        PIC X(7) VALUE "| FIRST". 
                03      COLUMN  26 
                        PIC X(4) VALUE "|MI|". 
                03      COLUMN  35 
                        PIC X(6) VALUE "STREET". 
                03      COLUMN  48 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 52 
                        PIC X(4) VALUE "CITY". 
                03      COLUMN 71 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 72 
                        PIC X(2) VALUE "ST". 
                03      COLUMN 74 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 81 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 83 
                        PIC X(4) VALUE "DATE". 
                03      COLUMN 90 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 92 
                        PIC X(6) VALUE "NUMBER". 
                03      COLUMN 98 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
                03      COLUMN 103 
                        PIC X(6) VALUE "AMOUNT". 
                03      COLUMN 112 
                        PIC X VALUE "|". 
        02      LINE  11. 
                03      COLUMN 1 
                        PIC X VALUE "+". 
                03      COLUMN 2 
                        PIC X(110) VALUE ALL "-". 
                03      COLUMN 112 
                        PIC X VALUE "+". 
01      DETAIL-LINE 
                TYPE DETAIL 
                LINE PLUS 1. 
 
                02 COLUMN 1     PIC X(15) SOURCE LAST-NAME. 
                02 COLUMN 17    PIC X(10) SOURCE FIRST-NAME. 
                02 COLUMN 28    PIC XX    SOURCE MIDDLE-INIT. 
                02 COLUMN 30    PIC X(20) SOURCE ADDRESS. 
                02 COLUMN 51    PIC X(20) SOURCE CITY. 
                02 COLUMN 72    PIC XX    SOURCE STATE. 
                02 COLUMN 75    PIC 99999 SOURCE ZIP. 
                02 COLUMN 81    PIC Z9    SOURCE INV-DAY. 
                02 COLUMN 83    PIC X     VALUE "-". 
                02 COLUMN 84    PIC 99    SOURCE INV-MO. 
                02 COLUMN 86    PIC X     VALUE "-". 
                02 COLUMN 87    PIC 9999  SOURCE INV-YR. 
                02 COLUMN 92    PIC 9(6)  SOURCE INVOICE-NUMBER. 
                02 COLUMN 99    PIC $$$,$$$,$$$.99- 
                                          SOURCE INVOICE-SALES. 
                02 DETAIL-COUNT PIC S9(10) SOURCE ONE-COUNT. 
                02 INV-AMOUNT   PIC S9(9)V99 SOURCE INVOICE-SALES. 
 
01      FINAL-FOOTING TYPE IS CONTROL FOOTING FINAL 
                              LINE PLUS 5 
                              NEXT GROUP NEXT PAGE. 
                02      COLUMN  20 PIC X(17) VALUE "TOTAL RECORDS: ". 
                02 FDC  COLUMN  40 PIC ZZZ,ZZZ,ZZ9 SUM ONE-COUNT. 
                02      COLUMN  75 PIC X(15) VALUE "TOTAL SALES: ". 
                02 FIA  COLUMN  95 PIC $$$,$$$,$$$,$$$.99- SUM INVOICE-SALES. 
 
PROCEDURE DIVISION. 
000-DO-SORT. 
        DISPLAY "*** EX1006 ***". 
        SORT SORT-FILE ON ASCENDING KEY SORT-NAME 
             WITH DUPLICATES IN ORDER 
             USING  CUSTOMER-FILE 
             GIVING SORTED-FILE. 
        DISPLAY "*** Created EX1006.LIS ***". 
 
050-START. 
        OPEN INPUT  SORTED-FILE. 
        OPEN OUTPUT PRINTER-FILE. 
        ACCEPT UNEDITED-DATE FROM DATE. 
        INITIATE MASTER-LIST. 
        PERFORM 200-READ-MASTER UNTIL NAME = HIGH-VALUES. 
100-END-OF-FILE. 
        TERMINATE MASTER-LIST. 
        CLOSE SORTED-FILE, PRINTER-FILE. 
        STOP RUN. 
200-READ-MASTER. 
        READ SORTED-FILE AT END MOVE HIGH-VALUES TO NAME. 
        IF NAME NOT = HIGH-VALUES GENERATE DETAIL-LINE.

Figure 10-15 EX1006.LIS Listing

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