Document revision date: 30 March 2001

This chapter describes InfoServer functions and InfoServer Client for OpenVMS software, which enables OpenVMS systems to access InfoServer device services. The chapter also describes the tasks you must perform to start the client software on your system and to make InfoServer devices available as public devices.

Information Provided in This Chapter

This chapter describes the following tasks:

Task	Section
Establishing a server management session	Section 25.3
Starting InfoServer Client for OpenVMS software automatically	Section 25.5.3
Making InfoServer devices available automatically	Section 25.6.3

This chapter explains the following concepts:

Concept	Section
InfoServer functions	Section 25.1
LASTport protocols	Section 25.2
InfoServer Client for OpenVMS functions	Section 25.4
LASTCP utility functions	Section 25.5
LADCP utility functions	Section 25.6

25.1 Understanding InfoServer Functions

The InfoServer system is a high-performance virtual device server. It can make available, or serve, compact discs, read/write disks, magneto-optical (MO) devices, and tapes to client systems on the local area network (LAN). Systems running InfoServer Client software can connect to the virtual devices and use them as though they are locally attached devices.

Unlike a file server, the InfoServer system does not impose a file system on the virtual devices that it serves. For example, the InfoServer system can serve a disk with any type of on-disk file structure. The client system interprets the on-disk structure and uses its own native file system to access data. Multiple on-disk structures can be served by and accessed on a single InfoServer system at the same time.

The InfoServer system can perform the following functions:

• Serve compact discs
  The InfoServer system serves compact discs automatically, using a disc's volume label as the service name when the server is booted or when a disc is inserted into an InfoServer drive. You do not have to perform any management action. Client systems simply bind to and mount the disc under its volume label.
  The InfoServer system can automatically serve to OpenVMS clients compact discs that are in ODS-2 format. High Sierra and ISO-9660 compact discs and other media types can be served manually through the InfoServer management interface.
• Serve Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) tapes
  Using service names, the InfoServer system can serve SCSI tape devices to the network. Client systems can connect to these tape devices and use them as though they were locally attached devices.
• Serve read/write disk partitions
  A partition is a logical subset of an InfoServer read/write disk. A single disk can be subdivided into several partitions, each of which can be served to the network independently. To remote client systems, these partitions appear to be whole disks. For example, a client system using InfoServer Client for OpenVMS software can access the partitions and use them as though they are local hard disks.
• Act as an initial load system for OpenVMS systems
  The InfoServer system can downline load the primary bootstrap program to OpenVMS systems by responding to Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) requests. The server can locate MOP downline load files on the OpenVMS software distribution compact disc and copy them into temporary MOP partitions on an InfoServer-formatted read/write disk.
  The initial system load (ISL) bootstrap program connects back to the software distribution compact disc and boots Standalone Backup. The Backup utility is then used to copy the OpenVMS operating system save sets from the compact disc to a read/write disk attached to the system. All subsequent OpenVMS boots are done from the local read/write disk.
• Downline load other products
  You can use the InfoServer system to load any Ethernet product by file name; that is, the server does not require a Network Control Program (NCP) database entry to locate the requested file. For example, X terminal clients use the InfoServer system to downline load their system software. You can create a special MOP partition and copy the desired file to that partition. The server additionally supports downline loading of services by Ethernet address. Each InfoServer system can handle up to 100 simultaneous downline loads more efficiently than host-based downline loaders, which must start processes to assist in the load.

Figure 25-1 shows the relationship of the InfoServer system to several possible client systems. In this figure, two compact discs and two hard disks connected to the server appear to the client systems as local devices. The VAX system and the RISC workstation might be using one or two of the compact discs for software distribution and online documentation, while the PC might be referencing a disk partition on the InfoServer system. The X terminal boots from the InfoServer system and uses InfoServer disks for page, font, and customization files.

Figure 25-1 InfoServer System Serving Clients

You can connect the InfoServer system to your Ethernet LAN and turn on the system. After the server is initialized, or bootstrapped, the server software automatically serves to client systems the device media connected to it. If you insert a compact disc into a server drive, the server detects this new device and automatically serves it to client systems by using the volume label as the service name.

The server bootstraps from its internal read/write device, on which the InfoServer software is preinstalled. InfoServer software updates are distributed on compact discs. As these new releases become available, you can install the software onto the internal device for subsequent booting. To update InfoServer software from the compact disc, follow these steps:

1. Insert the disc in a compact disc drive attached to the InfoServer system.
2. Move the InfoServer software to the internal read/write device. At the InfoServer prompt, enter a command in the following format, where n is the drive number:
   On the InfoServer 100 or InfoServer 150 system:

   InfoServer> UPDATE SYSTEM DKn:

   
   On the InfoServer 1000 system:

   InfoServer> UPDATE SYSTEM DKn: FLASH

   
   The next time you boot the InfoServer system, it runs the updated software.

You can use the Software Products Library (formerly known as ConDIST) to update InfoServer software. After you log in to the InfoServer system, perform the following steps:

1. Insert the disk containing the [INFOSERVxxx] directory tree in a compact disk drive attached to the InfoServer system.
2. At the InfoServer> prompt, enter a command in the following format, where n is the drive number:
   • On the InfoServer 100 or InfoServer 150 system, enter a command in the following format:

     UPDATE SYSTEM DKn:

   • On the InfoServer 1000 system, enter a command in the following format:

     UPDATE SYSTEM DKn: FLASH

   
   These commands move the InfoServer software to the internal read/write device. The next time you boot the InfoServer system, it runs the updated software. Note that you can also boot the server from the Software Products Library disk.

You might want to customize server features. You can control InfoServer functions by logging in to the server and entering server commands, described in detail in the InfoServer System Operations Guide.

25.1.1 Automatic Service Policies for Multiple Servers

The InfoServer system automatically serves its locally connected devices to clients when the server is first powered on or when a removable device (for example, a compact disc) is inserted into a drive. The server reads the volume label of each device and uses the label as the name of the service offered to clients.

If multiple servers offer the same services, the client uses a rating scheme to select the appropriate service. Refer to the CREATE SERVICE command description in the InfoServer System Operations Guide for more information.

When you remove a compact disc from a server drive, the InfoServer system ends all client connections to the associated service. The InfoServer system also stops offering the associated service to client systems.

25.1.2 High-Availability Feature to Reduce Service Interruptions

The InfoServer system provides a high-availability feature that is especially beneficial for OpenVMS clients. If the server ends a service connection for some reason (for example, the server reboots, or you remove a compact disc), the OpenVMS client enters mount verification for that volume. If the same service is offered by another InfoServer system on the LAN, the client automatically connects to that service.

For example, suppose you have two identical copies of the OpenVMS Online Documentation compact disc in drives on two different servers. If one server or drive fails, a new connection is established to the duplicate disc on the other server. File operations continue as normal, and users experience almost no service disruption.

25.1.3 Support for X Terminal Clients

X terminal clients use the InfoServer system to download their system software, provide font services, save configuration information, and page memory to and from InfoServer disks. For example, system files for Compaq's VXT 2000 windowing terminals can be installed from compact disc on the InfoServer system. Once installed, these files are downline loaded on demand to each terminal when it is powered on.

The terminals can dynamically allocate partitions on an InfoServer disk as needed. For example, when a user requests that terminal customizations be saved, the InfoServer system automatically creates a disk partition to hold the information and creates a network service name for that partition. Once customization information is saved, the user can recall the information at any time.

VXT 2000 terminals that are InfoServer clients can also be virtual memory machines. Such terminals can page sections of main memory to and from InfoServer disks as required. Because a VXT client has no local disk, it uses InfoServer disks as page disks. When main memory is paged out to disk, the VXT client requests the InfoServer system to create a partition. This partition is then automatically extended as needed. Partitions and their network service names are created dynamically, without requiring user action.

By default, the InfoServer disk DK1, which is the internal disk that ships with each InfoServer 150 system, is enabled to allow VXT 2000 clients to allocate partitions remotely. Other disks can also be enabled through the use of InfoServer commands.

25.2 Understanding LASTport Protocols

The InfoServer system uses the LASTport transport protocol and the LASTport/Disk and LASTport/Tape system application protocols to provide access to the virtual devices it serves to the LAN. These protocols provide high-performance access to disk and tape devices. The InfoServer system implements the server portion of the protocols, while the client systems that access InfoServer storage devices implement the client portion.

On OpenVMS systems running the LASTport transport, all Ethernet devices must be terminated either by attaching the devices to an active network or by using an appropriate terminator. Failure to terminate the devices causes a system crash.

25.2.1 LASTport Transport Protocol

The LASTport protocol is a specialized LAN transport protocol that allows many clients to access InfoServer systems and perform reliable transactions. For the InfoServer system, a transaction is a device read or write operation. The LASTport protocol allows many client systems concurrently to read information from, and and write information to, an InfoServer storage device.

Unlike timer-based protocols, the LASTport protocol is a transaction-oriented protocol. Normally, information does not pass between a client and an InfoServer system unless the client initiates a transaction. The client system then runs a timer on the transaction, normally waiting from two to five seconds before assuming that the transaction is lost and retrying the operation.

The LASTport protocol does not provide any routing functions; it runs only in a LAN. The LASTport protocol type is 80--41. If the extended LAN uses any filtering devices, the devices must allow this protocol type to pass unfiltered so that clients can access InfoServer systems across the filtering device.

The InfoServer system uses a multicast address feature of the LASTport protocol to establish connections to devices. The format of the multicast address is 09--00--2B--04--nn--nn, where nn depends on the work group enabled (refer to the InfoServer System Operations Guide).

25.2.2 LASTport/Disk Protocol

The LASTport/Disk protocol is a specialized device protocol that uses the LASTport transport. That is, LASTport/Disk messages are delivered in LASTport messages. The LASTport/Disk protocol provides the mechanism for reading and writing logical blocks independent from any underlying file system. The clients that implement the LASTport/Disk protocol interpret the file system locally. By using the LASTport/Disk protocol for access to compact discs and read/write disks, the InfoServer system can support multiple client operating systems and on-disk structures concurrently.

The LASTport/Disk protocol also provides the naming facility to access compact discs and read/write disks. The InfoServer system assigns each virtual device a service name and allows clients to query the LAN for these names. When the requested service is found, the client connects to it, and device access can begin. When duplicate virtual devices are available under identical service names, the protocol provides a facility for load balancing among the available devices.

25.2.3 LASTport/Tape Protocol

Like the LASTport/Disk protocol, the LASTport/Tape protocol uses the LASTport transport. That is, LASTport/Tape messages are delivered in LASTport messages. The LASTport/Tape protocol provides the mechanism for reading and writing tape records. Tape devices attached to the InfoServer system appear to tape clients as locally attached devices.

The LASTport/Tape protocol also provides the naming facility to access tapes. The InfoServer system assigns each tape device a service name and allows clients to query the LAN for these names. When the requested service is found, the client connects to it, and tape access can begin.

25.3 Establishing a Server Management Session

You can establish a server management session from a local or remote console terminal:

• For a local session, you connect a terminal capable of interpreting VT100 ANSI escape sequences to the serial port on the rear of the InfoServer system unit (MMJ1 on the InfoServer 150 unit). The terminal must be set to 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity.
• For a remote session, you make a connection to the InfoServer system through a local area terminal (LAT) server.
  Like many network servers, the InfoServer system advertises a LAT service for its management interface and accepts connections from remote terminals attached to terminal servers. Therefore, any terminal attached to a terminal server on the extended LAN can act as a console terminal for the InfoServer system (if the user knows the InfoServer management password).

Determining the Server's Default Service Name

To make a remote connection to the InfoServer system for the first time, you must determine the server's default name. To do this, add the four-character prefix LAD_ to the hexadecimal Ethernet datalink address on the InfoServer system's cabinet. You can change this default name by using the InfoServer command SET SERVER NAME.

The server's name is the LAT service name to which you connect. For example, if the default server name is LAD_08002B15009F, you would enter the following command at the terminal server's prompt to manage the InfoServer system:

Local> CONNECT LAD_08002B15009F

Refer to your terminal server user's guide for information about the establishment of LAT service connections.

Entering an InfoServer Password

After you connect to the InfoServer system, you must enter an InfoServer password to establish the management session. The default server password is ESS. You can change the password with the InfoServer command SET SERVER PASSWORD.

Example

The following example shows the establishment of a sample session using a DECserver 500 terminal server:

Local> CONNECT LAD_08002B133C1C Password: ESS (not echoed) Local -010- Session 1 to LAD_08002B133C1C established DEC InfoServer V3.1 InfoServer> SHOW SERVER

In this example, the terminal server's prompt is Local>, and a LAT session is established to the InfoServer system whose service name is LAD_08002B133C1C. The InfoServer system prompts for a server password. When you enter the correct password, the server prompts for InfoServer commands with the InfoServer> prompt.

Ending a Session

At the end of the management session, you can enter the EXIT command at the InfoServer> prompt. This command returns you to the terminal server's Local> prompt if the management session is over a LAT connection.

25.3.1 Server Management Commands

Table 25-1 summarizes InfoServer commands and their functions.

Table 25-1 Summary of InfoServer Commands

Command	Function
BACKUP	Saves InfoServer-formatted disks.
BIND	Establishes a connection to the specified ODS-2 service and creates the virtual device VDK1 for that service.
CLEAR	Erases the console terminal screen.
COPY	Copies data from one disk or partition to another.
CRASH	Causes the server software to take a recognizable bugcheck, creating a dump if crashdump processing is enabled.
CREATE	Creates a new partition or service.
DELETE	Deletes a partition or service that was previously created.
DISCONNECT	Terminates a LASTport or LAT terminal server session.
ERASE	Erases the specified disk or partition; erases FUNCTIONS or SERVICES data from nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM).
EXIT	Terminates the management session.
HELP	Displays help text for the InfoServer commands.
INITIALIZE	Formats a read/write disk into an InfoServer disk.
LOOP	Automatically repeats any valid InfoServer command.
MONITOR	Automatically repeats valid InfoServer commands every 3 seconds, clearing the screen and placing the cursor at the home position.
PURGE	Purges old versions of VXT software.
REBOOT	Shuts down and reboots the server.
RECORD	Records data from an InfoServer disk or partition to a compact disc.
RESTORE	Resets the server to a previously saved system configuration.
RETRIEVE	Restores InfoServer-formatted disks saved by the BACKUP command.
REWIND	Rewinds an InfoServer tape.
SAVE	Saves configuration and service data for recovery after a server reboot.
SET	Sets partition, service, or server parameters.
SHOW	Displays the server's parameters and counters.
UNBIND	Deletes the VDK1 virtual device and terminates the connection to the remote service.
UNLOAD	Rewinds and unloads an InfoServer tape.
UPDATE	Installs one or more new software products or functions.
VERIFY	Validates the on-disk structure of a device formatted with the INITIALIZE command.
ZERO	Sets internal server counters to 0.

The InfoServer system provides a Help facility that contains information about each server command, including parameters, qualifiers, and examples of its use. For detailed information about InfoServer commands, refer to the InfoServer System Operations Guide.

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