DECdocument
Using Doctypes and Related Tags
Volume 1
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2.4 ARTICLE Doctype Tag Reference

This part of this chapter provides reference information on all the tags specific to the ARTICLE doctype.

<ABSTRACT>

Creates an article abstract and can also specify a heading for that abstract.

Syntax

<ABSTRACT> [(abstract heading)]

ARGUMENTS

abstract heading

This is an optional argument. It specifies a heading for the abstract. If you do not specify a heading, none is output.

related tags

required terminator

<ENDABSTRACT>

DESCRIPTION

The <ABSTRACT> tag creates an article abstract and can also specify a heading for that abstract.

This tag performs the same function as the global <ABSTRACT> tag, but in a different context.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <ABSTRACT> tag. 

<ABSTRACT> 
This article presents strong arguments for industries to establish new 
programs to educate illiterate employees. 
<ENDABSTRACT>

<ACKNOWLEDGMENTS>

Creates an acknowledgments section in an article.

Syntax

<ACKNOWLEDGMENTS> (acknowledgment text)

ARGUMENTS

acknowledgment text

Specifies the text of one or more acknowledgments.

related tags

DESCRIPTION

The <ACKNOWLEDGMENTS> tag creates an acknowledgments section in an article. It outputs the heading Acknowledgments for this section. Enter the text of the acknowledgment as an argument to the <ACKNOWLEDGMENTS> tag.

Typically, enter the <ACKNOWLEDGMENTS>, <BACK_NOTES>, and <REF_NOTES> tags at the end of an SDML file.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <ACKNOWLEDGMENTS> tag. Note how it is used near the end of the SDML file with the <BACK_NOTES> and <REF_NOTES> tags. 

<REF_NOTES>(Bibliography) 
<BACK_NOTES>(References) 
<ACKNOWLEDGMENTS>(I am deeply indebted to my doctor for her support in this 
task.)

<AUTHOR>

Specifies an author of an article.

Syntax

<AUTHOR> (author name[\optional information])

ARGUMENTS

author name

Specifies the name of the author. To include the word By with the author's name, specify it as part of the author name text.

optional information

This is an optional argument. It specifies additional optional information about the author. This information formats below the author's name. This text should be approximately one line long.

related tags

DESCRIPTION

The <AUTHOR> tag species the author of an article. Enter the name of the author as the first argument to the <AUTHOR> tag; specify additional information about the author as the second argument to the <AUTHOR> tag.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <AUTHOR> tag. 

<AUTHOR>(By A.B. Roma\Publisher) 
<AUTHOR_AFF>(<emphasis>(Disco Monthly) staff) 
<AUTHOR_ADDR>(Top-Ten Corporation,\ 5300 Westlake Boulevard,\ Los Angeles, 
California 09945)

<AUTHOR_ADDR>

Specifies the address of the author.

Syntax

<AUTHOR_ADDR> (address line-1
[\address line-2...[\address line-6]])

ARGUMENTS

address line-n

Specifies in one to six lines the address of the author.

related tags

DESCRIPTION

The <AUTHOR_ADDR> tag specifies the address of the author. This tag outputs one to six lines of text based on the number of address line arguments specified. DECdocument places each of these arguments on a new line on the left margin.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <AUTHOR_ADDR> tag. 

<AUTHOR>(A.B. Roma) 
<AUTHOR_AFF>(<emphasis>(Disco Monthly) staff) 
<AUTHOR_ADDR>(Top-Ten Corporation,\ 5300 Westlake Boulevard,\ Los Angeles, 
California 09945)

<AUTHOR_AFF>

Specifies information about the organizational affiliation of the author.

Syntax

<AUTHOR_AFF> (affiliation information)

ARGUMENTS

affiliation information

Specifies information about the affiliation of the author.

related tags

DESCRIPTION

The <AUTHOR_AFF> tag specifies information about the organizational affiliation of the author. Typically, enter this tag after the <AUTHOR> tag in the SDML file.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <AUTHOR> tag. 

<AUTHOR>(A.B. Roma) 
<AUTHOR_AFF>(<emphasis>(Disco Monthly) staff) 
<AUTHOR_ADDR>(Top-Ten Corporation,\ 5300 Westlake Boulevard,\ Los Angeles, 
California 09945)

<AUTHOR_LIST>

Creates a list of authors for an article with multiple authors.

Syntax

<AUTHOR_LIST> [(heading text)]

ARGUMENTS

heading text

This is an optional argument. It provides an introductory heading for a list of authors. A sample heading might be By:.

related tags

required terminator

<ENDAUTHOR_LIST>

DESCRIPTION

The <AUTHOR_LIST> tag creates a list of authors for an article with multiple authors. Optionally, specify a heading for the list of authors as an argument to the <AUTHOR_LIST> tag. Enter the name of each author as the first argument to the <AUTHOR> tag, and specify additional information about the author as the second argument to the <AUTHOR> tag.

Example

For an example showing a list of two authors introduced by the word By, refer to the SDML file in Section 2.3.

<BACK_NOTE>

Creates a back note entry and a superscript reference number to that entry in the article text.

Syntax

<BACK_NOTE> (back note text)

ARGUMENTS

back note text

Specifies the text to be associated with the back note entry.

related tags

restrictions

Do not use the <BACK_NOTE> tag in the same document as the global <FOOTNOTE> tag. Both tags would place superscript numbers into a document, and references to those numbers would be confusing.

DESCRIPTION

The <BACK_NOTE> tag creates a back note entry and a superscript reference number to that entry in the article text. A back note can also be referred to as an end note in your document. Enter the <BACK_NOTE> tag in your SDML file wherever you want to provide a back note citation. DECdocument sequentially numbers each of the back note entries and places the appropriate sequential number as a superscript in the output file.

For example, if you cite the book Training Seagulls as a back note, and this back note is the third in your document, the text where you cited the book would appear as follows:

These techniques are outlined in Training Seagulls ^³ .

DECdocument collects all the automatically numbered back note entries and outputs them together in their sequential order wherever you use the <BACK_NOTES> tag. Typically, you would want to use the <BACK_NOTES> tag at the end of your article.

Example

The following example shows a reference to a back note and the text of the note as it is to appear at the end of the document. The <BACK_NOTES> tag at the conclusion of the article causes this note, and any others, to be output. 

As Ms. Roma so clearly stated,<BACK_NOTE>(P.A. Roma, 
<QUOTE>(Computer-Chart Making from the Graphic Editor's Perspective,) 
<EMPHASIS>(ACM Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH '99 Conf. Proc.), Vol 45. 
No. 3, July 1999, pp. 247-253.)... 
 
<BACK_NOTES>

<BACK_NOTES>

Outputs all the back notes created with the <BACK_NOTE> tag at the place in the file where you use the <BACK_NOTES> tag.

Syntax

<BACK_NOTES> [(heading text)]

ARGUMENTS

heading text

This is an optional argument. It specifies the text to be output above the back note section. This heading has the default heading format of the <HEAD1> tags in a document using unnumbered heads. If you do not specify the heading text argument, no heading is output.

related tags

DESCRIPTION

The <BACK_NOTES> tag outputs all the back notes created with the <BACK_NOTE> tag at the place in the file where you use the <BACK_NOTES> tag.

You can specify a heading for these back notes as an argument to the <BACK_NOTES> tag. Alternatively, you can specify your own heading with the heading tag (<HEAD1>, <HEAD2>, and so on) that is appropriate for your document. The heading level tag must precede the <BACK_NOTES> tag, as shown in the second following example.

Examples

The following example shows how you can create the heading References for a list of back notes by coding that heading as an argument to the <BACK_NOTES> tag.
#1 

<BACK_NOTES>(References)

The following example shows how you can create the second-level heading Articles for a list of back notes by coding that heading as an argument to the <HEAD2> tag, and placing that tag immediately before the <BACK_NOTES> tag.

#2 

<HEAD2>(Articles\24_Articles) 
<BACK_NOTES>

<BIBLIOGRAPHY>

Begins a bibliography.

Syntax

<BIBLIOGRAPHY> [(heading text)]

ARGUMENTS

heading text

This is an optional argument. It specifies the heading for a bibliography. This heading appears in the format used by <HEAD1> tags in an article with unnumbered heads. By default, no heading outputs.

related tags

required terminator

<ENDBIBLIOGRAPHY>

DESCRIPTION

The <BIBLIOGRAPHY> tag begins a bibliography. Create a bibliography of related reading when you do not use numbered reference notes to reference other works in the text of the article. Create each entry in the bibliography using the <BIB_ENTRY> tag. Specify a heading for the bibliography either as an argument to the <BIBLIOGRAPHY> tag or by using an unnumbered heading tag immediately before the <BIBLIOGRAPHY> tag.

To create numbered reference notes, use the <REF_NOTE> and <REF_NOTES> tags instead of <BIB_ENTRY> tags.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <BIBLIOGRAPHY> tag. 

<BIBLIOGRAPHY>(Bibliography) 
<BIB_ENTRY>(<EMPHASIS>(Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research.) 
Lamont B. Kier and Lowell H. Hall. Academic Press, 1983.) 
<BIB_ENTRY>(Arhnheim, Rudolph, <EMPHASIS>(Visual Thinking). University of 
California Press, Berkeley, 1984.) 
<ENDBIBLIOGRAPHY>

<BIB_ENTRY>

Specifies a single entry in a bibliography.

Syntax

<BIB_ENTRY> (bibliography text)

ARGUMENTS

bibliography text

Specifies the text of the bibliographic entry.

related tags

restrictions

Valid only in the context of a <BIBLIOGRAPHY> tag.

DESCRIPTION

The <BIB_ENTRY> tag specifies a single entry in a bibliography. The text of the bibliographic entry is passed as an argument to the <BIB_ENTRY> tag. This text can be of any length.

Example

For an example of how to use a <BIB_ENTRY> tag, see the example in the <BIBLIOGRAPHY> tag description.

<COLUMN>

Specifies that output begins in a new column in a 2-column format.

Syntax

<COLUMN>

ARGUMENTS

None.

related tags

restrictions

Valid only in a 2-column doctype such as ARTICLE or REPORT.TWOCOL.

DESCRIPTION

The <COLUMN> tag specifies that output begins in a new column in a 2-column format. If this tag occurs in the left text column, the text immediately following it begins in the right text column. If this tag occurs in the right text column, the text immediately following it begins in the left column of the next page.

Use the <COLUMN> tag when you always want to begin a new column at that point in your text. You can use the COLUMN_BREAK argument to the global <FINAL_CLEANUP> tag to also specify a column break; however, use this only during the final processing of the 2-column document.

See Section 2.2 for more information on improving the formatting of a 2-column doctype such as ARTICLE or REPORT.TWOCOL.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <COLUMN> tag. In this example, the writer wants the two instrument descriptions to appear side by side, one in each column. 

<SUBHEAD1>(Woodwind Instruments) 
<P> 
Woodwind instruments have the following attributes: 
<LIST>(UNNUMBERED) 
<LE> 
They are often made of wood, hence their name. 
<LE> 
Musicians create sound using these instruments by causing a reed to vibrate... 
<ENDLIST> 
 
<COLUMN> 
 
<SUBHEAD1>(Brass Instruments) 
<P> 
Brass instruments have the following attributes: 
<LIST>(UNNUMBERED) 
<LE> 
They are often made of brass, hence their name. 
<LE> 
Musicians create sound using these instruments by vibrating (buzzing) their lips 
into a steel mouthpiece... 
<ENDLIST>

<DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES>

Enables doctype-specific tags that override the default design format of the ARTICLE doctype.

Syntax

<DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES>

ARGUMENTS

None.

required terminator

<ENDDOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES>

DESCRIPTION

The <DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> tag enables doctype-specific tags that override the default design format of the ARTICLE doctype. You can use the <DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> tag in three doctypes: The <DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> tag enables a group of tags in each of these doctypes that let you modify the default format of that doctype. These tags are recognized only in the context of the <DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> tag. If other DECdocument tags occur in this context, they are ignored, as if they had occurred in the context of a <COMMENT> tag.

Typically, use the <DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> tag at the beginning of an input file (or in a file processed using the DCL /INCLUDE qualifier) to alter the default format of a doctype for the processing of that entire file.

Table 2-3 summarizes the formatting tags enabled by the <DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> tag in each of the three supported doctypes.

Table 2-3 Doctype-specific Tags Enabled by the<DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> Tag
Formatting Tags Description
<SET_HEADINGS>(UNNUMBERED)
<SET_HEADINGS>(NUMBERED) 		The <SET_HEADINGS> tag specifies whether numbered or unnumbered headings are produced by the heading-level tags (<HEAD1>, <HEAD2>, and so on). By default, headings are not numbered in a document processed using the ARTICLE doctype.

Use the <SET_HEADINGS>(NUMBERED) tag to specify that your headings are to be numbered.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> tag to enable a doctype-specific tag that overrides the default design format of the ARTICLE doctype. 

<DOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES> 
<SET_HEADINGS>(NUMBERED) 
<ENDDOCUMENT_ATTRIBUTES>

<QUOTATION>

Begins a quotation in which the spacing is retained and the text is not filled or justified.

Syntax

<QUOTATION>

ARGUMENTS

None.

related tags

required terminator

<ENDQUOTATION>

DESCRIPTION

The <QUOTATION> tag begins a quotation in which the spacing is retained and the text is not filled or justified.

The <QUOTATION> tag differs from the global <CODE_EXAMPLE> tag in that the text of the quotation is not set in a monospaced font. It lets you quote poetry or passages of text that you do not want formatted.

For long, block-style quotations, use the global <SAMPLE_TEXT> tag.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <QUOTATION> tag. 

 It is often instructive to remember the words of our founder: 
<QUOTATION>      
It is better to try again than to fail;      
And better still ... 
               to succeed. 
<ENDQUOTATION>

<REF_NOTE>

Specifies the text of a reference note and creates a bracketed reference number in the article text.

Syntax

<REF_NOTE> (text of note[\symbol name])

ARGUMENTS

text of note

Specifies the text of the reference note.

symbol name

This is an optional argument. It specifies the name of the symbol used in all references to this heading.

Symbol names must not exceed 31 characters and must only contain alphabetic letters, numbers, or underscores. Do not begin a symbol name with an underscore.

related tags

DESCRIPTION

The <REF_NOTE> tag specifies the text of a reference note and creates a bracketed reference number in the article text. Place the <REF_NOTE> tag in the SDML file at the point at which you are referencing text. This tag is replaced in the output file by a number in brackets that corresponds to the number assigned to the note text for example, [4].

Use the <REF_NOTES> tag to cause the text of this note and any other reference notes you have created using the <REF_NOTE> tag to be output. You generally place the <REF_NOTES> tag at the end of the SDML file.

To reference a source that you have already referenced using the <REF_NOTE> tag, specify the symbol name argument to that <REF_NOTE> tag and use the global <REFERENCE> tag to refer to that symbol.

Example

The following example shows how to use the <REF_NOTE> tag both for a single reference and for two references to the same source. Note how the second reference to the Hopkins and Johnson article is made using the <REFERENCE> tag.

These notes and any others would be output by the <REF_NOTES> tag that occurs at the end of the article. 


Hopkins and Johnson (1968) <REF_NOTE>(A.A Hopkins and B.B. Johnson,<QUOTE>(An 
Eye for an Eye,) Proceedings of the American Journal of Comparative Biology, 
163:1145-1152.\EYE_ARTICLE) noted the preponderance of short cones in type A 
subjects. The research of J.Dobbs (1972) <REF_NOTE>(J. Dobbs,<quote>(Cones in 
Type A and B Subjects), Proceedings of the American Journal of Comparative 
Biology, 167:201-227.) corroborated this observation. 
<P> 
In 1978, the research of Hopkins and Johnson (1968) <REFERENCE>(EYE_ARTICLE), 
was shown to have been misleading... <REF_NOTES>

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