Updated: 11 December 1998

OpenVMS System Services Reference Manual

If you are creating a new lock, the resnam argument should be specified because the default value for the resnam argument produces an error when it is used to create a lock. The resnam argument is ignored for lock conversions.

parid

If you do not specify this argument or specify it as 0, $ENQ assumes that the lock does not have a parent lock. This argument is optional for new locks and is ignored for lock conversions.

astadr

If you specify the astadr argument, the AST routine executes at the same access mode as the caller of $ENQ.

astprm

blkast

You can pass a parameter to this routine by using the astprm argument.

acmode

This argument does not affect the access mode associated with the lock or its blocking and completion ASTs. The acmode argument is a longword containing the access mode. The $PSLDEF macro defines the following symbols for the four access modes.

Symbol	Access Mode
PSL$C_KERNEL	Kernel
PSL$C_EXEC	Executive
PSL$C_SUPER	Supervisor
PSL$C_USER	User

The $ENQ service associates an access mode with the lock in the following way:

• If you specified a parent lock (with the parid argument), $ENQ uses the access mode associated with the parent lock and ignores both the acmode argument and the caller's access mode.
• If the lock has no parent lock (you did not specify the parid argument or specified it as 0), $ENQ uses the least privileged of the caller's access mode and the access mode specified by the acmode argument. If you do not specify the acmode argument, $ENQ uses the caller's access mode.

rsdm_id

nullarg

Description

The Enqueue Lock Request service queues a new lock or lock conversion on a resource. The $ENQ service completes asynchronously; that is, it returns to the caller after queuing the lock request without waiting for the lock to be either granted or converted. For synchronous completion, use the Enqueue Lock Request and Wait ($ENQW) service. The $ENQW service is identical to the $ENQ service in every way except that $ENQW returns to the caller when the lock is either granted or converted.

The $ENQ service uses system dynamic memory for the creation of the lock and resource blocks.

When $ENQ queues a lock request, it returns the status of the request in R0 and writes the lock identification of the lock in the lock status block. Then, when the lock request is granted, $ENQ writes the final completion status in the lock status block, sets the event flag, and calls the AST routine if this has been requested.

When $ENQW queues a lock request, it returns status in R0 and in the lock status block when the lock has been either granted or converted. Where applicable, it simultaneously sets the event flag and calls the AST routine.

Invalidation of the Lock Value Block

In some situations, the lock value block can become invalid. In these situations, $ENQ warns the caller by returning the condition value SS$_VALNOTVALID in the lock status block, provided the caller has specified the flag LCK$M_VALBLK in the flags argument.

The SS$_VALNOTVALID condition value is a warning message, not an error message. Therefore, the $ENQ service grants the requested lock and returns this warning on all subsequent calls to $ENQ until either a new lock value block is written to the lock database or the resource is deleted. Resource deletion occurs when no locks are associated with the resource.

The following events can cause the lock value block to become invalid:

• If any process holding a protected write or exclusive mode lock on a resource is terminated abnormally, the lock value block becomes invalid.
• If a node in an OpenVMS Cluster system fails and a process on that node was holding (or might have been holding) a protected write or exclusive mode lock on the resource, the lock value block becomes invalid.
• If a process holding a protected write or exclusive mode lock on the resource calls the Dequeue Lock Request ($DEQ) service to dequeue this lock and specifies the flag LCK$M_INVVALBLK in the flags argument, the lock value block maintained in the lock database is marked invalid.

Required Access or Privileges

To queue a lock on a systemwide resource, the calling process must either have SYSLCK privilege or be executing in executive or kernel mode.

To specify a parent lock when queuing a lock, the access mode of the caller must be equal to, or less privileged than, the access mode associated with the parent lock.

To queue a lock conversion, the access mode associated with the lock being converted must be equal to, or less privileged than, the access mode of the calling process.

Required Quota

• Enqueue limit (ENQLM) quota
• AST limit (ASTLM) quota in lock conversion requests that you specify either the astadr or blkast argument

Related Services

$DEQ, $ENQW, $GETLKI, $GETLKIW, $SET_RESOURCE_DOMAIN

Condition Values Returned

SS$_NORMAL	The service completed successfully; the lock request was successfully queued.
SS$_SYNCH	The service completed successfully; the LCK$M_SYNCSTS flag in the flags argument was specified, and $ENQ was able to grant the lock request immediately.
SS$_ACCVIO	The lock status block or the resource name cannot be read.
SS$_BADPARAM	You specified an invalid lock mode in the lkmode argument.
SS$_CVTUNGRANT	You attempted a lock conversion on a lock that is not currently granted.
SS$_EXDEPTH	The limit of levels of sublocks has been exceeded.
SS$_EXENQLM	The process has exceeded its enqueue limit (ENQLM) quota.
SS$_INSFMEM	The system dynamic memory is insufficient for creating the necessary data structures.
SS$_IVBUFLEN	The length of the resource name was either 0 or greater than 31.
SS$_IVLOCKID	You specified an invalid or nonexistent lock identification, or the lock identified by the lock identification has an associated access mode that is more privileged than the caller's, or the access mode of the parent was less privileged than that of the caller.
SS$_NOLOCKID	No lock identification was available for the lock request.
SS$_NOSYSLCK	The LCK$M_SYSTEM flag in the flags argument was specified, but the caller lacks the necessary SYSLCK privilege.
SS$_NOTQUEUED	The lock request was not queued; the LCK$M_NOQUEUE flag in the flags argument was specified, and $ENQ was not able to grant the lock request immediately.
SS$_PARNOTGRANT	The parent lock specified in the parid argument was not granted.

Condition Values Returned in the Lock Status Block

SS$_NORMAL	The service completed successfully; the lock was successfully granted or converted.
SS$_ABORT	The lock was dequeued (by the $DEQ service) before $ENQ could grant the lock.
SS$_CANCEL	The lock conversion request has been canceled and the lock has been regranted at its previous lock mode. This condition value is returned when $ENQ queues a lock conversion request, the request has not been granted yet (it is in the conversion queue), and, in the interim, the $DEQ service is called (with the LCK$M_CANCEL flag specified) to cancel this lock conversion request. If the lock is granted before $DEQ can cancel the conversion request, the call to $DEQ returns the condition value SS$_CANCELGRANT, and the call to $ENQ returns SS$_NORMAL.
SS$_DEADLOCK	A deadlock was detected.
SS$_ILLRSDM	The operation attempted is not allowed on the resource. Use SHOW SECURITY to verify the access allowed to the specified resource domain.
SS$_NODOMAIN	The RSDM_ID argument passed to the $ENQ call either does not correspond to a valid resource domain for your process, or the system is not running the audit server process.
SS$_VALNOTVALID	The lock value block is marked invalid. This warning message is returned only if the caller has specified the flag LCK$M_VALBLK in the flags argument. Note that the lock has been successfully granted despite the return of this warning message. Refer to the Description section for a complete discussion of lock value block invalidation.

Queues a lock on a resource. The $ENQW service completes synchronously; that is, it returns to the caller when the lock has been either granted or converted. For asynchronous completion, use the Enqueue Lock Request ($ENQ) service; $ENQ returns to the caller after queuing the lock request, without waiting for the lock to be either granted or converted. In all other respects, $ENQW is identical to $ENQ. See the $ENQ description for all other information about the $ENQW service.

For additional information about system service completion, see the documentation of the Synchronize ($SYNCH) service.

The $ENQ, $ENQW, $DEQ, and $GETLKI services together provide the user interface to the Lock Management facility.

On Alpha systems, this service accepts 64-bit addresses.

Format

SYS$ENQW [efn] ,lkmode ,lksb ,[flags] ,[resnam] ,[parid] ,[astadr] ,[astprm] ,[blkast] ,[acmode] ,[rsdm_id]

C Prototype

int sys$enqw (unsigned int efn, unsigned int lkmode, struct _lksb *lksb, unsigned int flags, void *resnam, unsigned int parid, void (*astadr)(__unknown_params), unsigned __int64 astprm, void (*blkast)(__unknown_params), unsigned int acmode, unsigned int rsdm_id,...);

Generates a security erase pattern.

Format

SYS$ERAPAT [type] ,[count] ,[patadr]

C Prototype

int sys$erapat (int type, unsigned int count, unsigned int *patadr);

Arguments

type

OpenVMS usage:	longword_unsigned
type:	longword (unsigned)
access:	read only
mechanism:	by value

Type of storage to be written over with the erase pattern. The type argument is a longword containing the type of storage. The three storage types, together with their symbolic names, are defined by the $ERADEF macro and are listed in the following table.

Storage Type	Symbolic Name
Main memory	ERA$K_MEMORY
Disk	ERA$K_DISK
Tape	ERA$K_TAPE

count

OpenVMS usage:	longword_unsigned
type:	longword (unsigned)
access:	read only
mechanism:	by value

Number of times that $ERAPAT has been called in a single security erase operation. The count argument is a longword containing the iteration count.

You should call the $ERAPAT service initially with the count argument set to 1, the second time with the count argument set to 2, and so on, until the status code SS$_NOTRAN is returned.

patadr

OpenVMS usage:	longword_unsigned
type:	longword (unsigned)
access:	write only
mechanism:	by reference

Security erase pattern to be written. The patadr argument is the address of a longword into which the security erase pattern is to be written.

Description

The Get Security Erase Pattern service generates a security erase pattern that can be written into memory areas containing outdated but sensitive data to make it unreadable. This service is used primarily by the operating system, but it can also be used by users who want to perform security erase operations on foreign disks.

You should call the $ERAPAT service iteratively until the completion status SS$_NOTRAN is returned.

The following example demonstrates how to use the $ERAPAT service to perform a security erase to a disk. Note that, after each call to $ERAPAT, a test for the status SS$_NOTRAN is made. If SS$_NOTRAN has not been returned, $QIO is called to write the pattern returned by $ERAPAT onto the disk. After this write, $ERAPAT is called again and the cycle is repeated until the code SS$_NOTRAN is returned, at which point the security erase procedure is complete.

#include <ssdef.h> #include <eradef.h> #include <starlet.h> /* ** This function takes a pointer to an array of integers and the ** number of elements in the array, and erases the memory used ** by the array. The function returns SS$_NORMAL upon success, ** or the error code from $ERAPAT for any failures. */ int ERASE_MEMORY(int *ptr, int items) { int loop, /* Loop counter for erasing buffer */ status, /* Status of system calls */ pattern, /* Place to store erase pattern */ count = 1; /* Count parameter for $ERAPAT */ /* Get pattern from $ERAPAT, erase memory, repeat... */ status = sys$erapat(ERA$K_MEMORY, count++, &pattern); while (status == SS$_NORMAL) { for (loop = 0; loop < items; loop++) ptr[loop] = pattern; status = sys$erapat(ERA$K_MEMORY, count++, &pattern); } if (status == SS$_NOTRAN) /* Check for expected status */ status = SS$_NORMAL; /* Change to SS$_NORMAL if all's well */ return (status); /* Return success of failure indication */ }

Required Access or Privileges

None

Required Quota

None

Related Services

$ADD_HOLDER, $ADD_IDENT, $ASCTOID, $CHANGE_ACL, $CHECK_ACCESS, $CHKPRO, $CREATE_RDB, $FIND_HELD, $FIND_HOLDER, $FINISH_RDB, $FORMAT_ACL, $FORMAT_AUDIT, $GRANTID, $HASH_PASSWORD, $IDTOASC, $MOD_HOLDER, $MOD_IDENT, $MTACCESS, $PARSE_ACL, $REM_HOLDER, $REM_IDENT, $REVOKID

Condition Values Returned

SS$_NORMAL	The service completed successfully; proceed with the next erase step.
SS$_NOTRAN	The service completed successfully; security erase completed.
SS$_ACCVIO	The patadr argument cannot be written by the caller.
SS$_BADPARAM	The type argument or count argument is invalid.

Initiates image rundown when the current image in a process completes execution. Control normally returns to the command interpreter.

Format

SYS$EXIT [code]

C Prototype

int sys$exit (unsigned int code);

Argument

code

OpenVMS usage:	cond_value
type:	longword (unsigned)
access:	read only
mechanism:	by value

Longword value to be saved in the process header as the completion status of the current image. If you do not specify this argument in a macro call, a value of 1 is passed as the completion code for VAX MACRO and VAX BLISS--32, and a value of 0 is passed for other languages. You can test this value at the command level to provide conditional command execution.

Description

The $EXIT service is unlike all other system services in that it does not return status codes in R0 or anywhere else. The $EXIT service does not return control to the caller; it performs an exit to the command interpreter or causes the process to terminate if no command interpreter is present.

Required Access or Privileges

None

Required Quota

None

Related Services

$CANEXH, $CREPRC, $DCLEXH, $DELPRC, $FORCEX, $GETJPI, $GETJPIW, $HIBER, $PROCESS_SCAN, $RESUME, $SETPRI, $SETPRN, $SETPRV, $SETRWM, $SUSPND, $WAKE

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