Updated: 11 December 1998

OpenVMS Guide to System Security

This appendix describes alarm messages that result from auditing various system events. See Chapter 9 for a discussion of the auditing system and see the OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual for a description of the record format of audit messages.

The information included in the alarm message depends on the type of event. In all cases, the alarm message contains the operator communication manager (OPCOM) heading, which includes the date and time the alarm was sent. It contains the type of alarm event, the date and time the alarm event occurred, and the user who caused the event, as identified by the user name and process identification (PID). Other information contained in alarm messages is specific to the type of event that the alarm signaled.

Alarms Announcing an Object Access

You can audit successful or unsuccessful access to a protected object by specifying the ACCESS keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. You designate the object type with the /CLASS qualifier. See Section 4.7 for a description of object auditing. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 17-SEP-1994 10:13:20.46 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19728 Auditable event: Object access Event time: 17-SEP-1994 10:13:20.09 PID: 30200117 Process name: Hobbit Username: GREG Process owner: [MTI,GREG] Terminal name: RTA1: Image name: DSA1:[GREG.TEST.ACCESS]ACCESS.EXE;50 Object class name: COMMON_EVENT_CLUSTER Object name: FOO Access requested: READ Deaccess key: 808E3380 Status: %SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful completion Privileges used: none

You can also audit access through the use of GRPPRV, READALL, SYSPRV, or BYPASS privilege.

Alarms Requested by an ACL

You can audit successful or unsuccessful access to individual protected objects by adding an Alarm ACE or an Audit ACE to an object's ACL and enabling ACL events by specifying the ACL keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 12-NOV-1994 10:53:16.34 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) and security audit (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19681 Auditable event: Object deletion Event information: file deletion request (IO$_DELETE) Event time: 12-NOV-1994 10:53:16.30 PID: 20200158 Process name: FNORD$RTA2 Username: HUBERT Process owner: [LEGAL,HUBERT] Terminal name: RTA2: Image name: $1$DIA1:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]DELETE.EXE Object class name: FILE Object owner: [SYSTEM] Object protection: SYSTEM:RWE, OWNER:RWE, GROUP:, WORLD: File name: _$1$DIA3:[USERS.HUBERT.TMP]FOO.BAR;2 File ID: (4134,20,0) Access requested: DELETE Sequence key: 0005E05F Status: %SYSTEM-F-NOPRIV, insufficient privilege or object protection violation

Alarms Due to Modification of the Authorization Databases

The Authorization class of security events is enabled by default. All changes to the rights database, the system user authorization file, and the network proxy authorization file immediately produce an audit event message.

Changes to the rights database result from such actions as the creation of a new database or the addition, modification, or removal of an identifier. The audit server also reports when there is a change in a user's identifiers. Note that the alarm message cites the image used to modify the rights database and the change itself. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 15-DEC-1994 12:27:17.44 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on LASSIE Security alarm (SECURITY) and security audit (SECURITY) on LASSIE, system id: 19661 Auditable event: Identifier modified Event time: 15-DEC-1994 12:27:17.43 PID: 00000113 Username: SYSTEM Image name: LASSIE$DMA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]AUTHORIZE.EXE Identifier name: ROBINSON Identifier value: %X80010014 New attributes: RESOURCE

In reporting changes to the system or network user authorization files, the audit server also notes any kind of modification as well as the record modified and the change made. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 18-DEC-1994 19:53:25.99 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on LASSIE Security alarm (SECURITY) and security audit (SECURITY) on LASSIE, system id: 19611 Auditable event: System UAF record addition Event time: 18-DEC-1994 19:53:25.98 PID: 20200B25 Username: SYSTEM Image name: $1$DUS0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]AUTHORIZE.EXE Object name: SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]SYSUAF.DAT;2 Object type: file User record added: COOPER Fields modified: FLAGS,PWDLIFETIME

The following alarm message is an example of an alarm resulting from a password change:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 26-SEP-1994 15:12:35.95 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) and security audit (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 20300 Auditable event: System UAF record modification Event time: 26-SEP-1994 15:12:35.92 PID: 52C00119 Process name: Hobbit Username: GREG Process owner: [RTB,GREG] Terminal name: RTA2: Image name: $99$DUA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]AUTHORIZE.EXE Object name: CLU$COMMON:<SYSEXE>SYSUAF.DAT;1 Object type: file User record: GREG Password: New: 7C5E4DA2 F19176AF Original: 7C5E4DA2 F19176AF Password date: New: 0 00:00:00.00 Original: 26-SEP-1994 15:12

Alarms Announcing Break-In Attempts

Break-in attempts are audited by default in the operating system; it audits dialup, local, remote, network and detached break-ins. Passwords used in break-in attempts are not displayed on security operator terminals, but they are logged to the security audit log file and can be displayed with the Audit Analysis utility.

This type of alarm notes the type of break-in attempt, the device user, the origin of attempt (if the break-in type was remote or network), and the parent user name (if the break-in type was detached). For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 7-DEC-1994 14:33:20.69 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on LASSIE Security alarm (SECURITY) on LASSIE, system id: 19611 Auditable event: Dialup interactive breakin detection Event time: 7-DEC-1994 14:33:20.68 PID: 00000052 Username: SNIDELY Terminal name: _LTA13: (AV47C1/LC-2-10)

Alarms Announcing Creation of an Object

You can audit the creation of objects by specifying the CREATE keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. This type of alarm notes the class of the object as well as its object name. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 17-SEP-1994 10:13:20.29 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19728 Auditable event: Object creation Event time: 17-SEP-1994 10:13:20.01 PID: 30200117 Process name: Hobbit Username: HUBERT Process owner: [SST,HUBERT] Terminal name: RTA1: Image name: DSA1:[HUBERT.TEST.ACCESS]ACCESS.EXE;50 Object class name: COMMON_EVENT_CLUSTER Object name: FOO Status: %SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful completion

Alarms Announcing Deaccess from an Object

You can audit the deaccess of a process from an object by specifying the DEACCESS keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. This type of alarm notes the class of the object. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 17-SEP-1994 10:13:38.34 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19728 Auditable event: Object deaccess Event time: 17-SEP-1994 10:13:38.31 PID: 30200117 Object class name: COMMON_EVENT_CLUSTER Deaccess key: 808E3380

Alarms Announcing Deletion of an Object

You can audit the deletion of objects by specifying the DELETE keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. This type of alarm notes the class of the object as well as its object name. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 17-SEP-1994 10:13:36.17 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19728 Auditable event: Object access Event time: 17-SEP-1994 10:13:36.08 PID: 30200117 Process name: Hobbit Username: HUBERT Process owner: [MTI,HUBERT] Terminal name: RTA1: Image name: DSA1:[HUBERT.TEST.ACCESS]ACCESS.EXE;50 Object class name: COMMON_EVENT_CLUSTER Object name: FOO Access requested: DELETE Status: %SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful completion Privileges used: none

Alarms Announcing Use of the Install Utility

You can audit the use of the Install utility (to install an image or to remove an installed image) by specifying the INSTALL keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. Install alarms identify the type of operation, the name of the image affected by the operation, the flags set by the Install operation, and the privileges used. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 7-DEC-1994 12:37:49.69 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on LASSIE Security alarm (SECURITY) on LASSIE, system id: 19661 Auditable event: Installed file addition Event time: 7-DEC-1994 12:37:49.68 PID: 00000113 Username: SYSTEM Object name: LASSIE$DMA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]NCP.EXE;1 Object type: file INSTALL flags: /OPEN/HEADER_RESIDENT/SHARED

Alarms Announcing Logins

You can audit successful logins by specifying the LOGIN keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. You can audit batch, dialup, local, remote, network, subprocess and detached login classes. This type of alarm notes the class of login, the device used, the origin of the login (if it was remote or network), the parent PID (if the login was subprocess), and the parent user name (if the login was detached). For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 18-DEC-1994 18:49:40.09 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on LASSIE Security alarm (SECURITY) on LASSIE, system id: 19611 Auditable event: Batch process login Event time: 18-DEC-1994 18:49:40.08 PID: 20002001 Username: LEWIS

Alarms Announcing Login Failures

You can audit login failures by specifying the LOGFAILURE keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. You can audit the batch, dialup, local, remote, network, subprocess and detached login failure classes. This type of alarm contains the class of login, the device used, a status message detailing the reason for the failure, the origin of the login (if it was remote or network), the parent PID (if the login was subprocess), and the parent user name (if the login was detached). For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 7-DEC-1994 12:48:43.50 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on LASSIE Security alarm (SECURITY) on LASSIE, system id: 19611 Auditable event: Network login failure Event time: 7-DEC-1994 12:48:43.49 PID: 0000011D Username: DECNET Remote nodename: TIGER Remote node id: 3218 Remote username: PROBER Status: %LOGIN-F-INVPWD, invalid password

Alarms Announcing Logouts

You can audit logouts by specifying the LOGOUT keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. You can audit batch, dialup, local, remote, network, subprocess and detached logout classes. This type of alarm contains the class of logout, the device used, the origin of the login (if it was remote or network), and the parent PID (if the login was subprocess). For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 18-DEC-1994 19:14:22.03 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on LASSIE Security alarm (SECURITY) on LASSIE, system id: 19611 Auditable event: Dialup interactive logout Event time: 18-DEC-1994 19:14:22.02 PID: 20200001 Username: DANCER Terminal name: _TTA1:

Alarms Announcing Volume Mounts and Dismounts

You can audit mount or dismount requests by specifying the MOUNT keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. This type of alarm contains the name of the image used to mount or dismount the volume, the device used, the log file recording the operation, the volume name, its UIC and protection code, and the flags set during the operation. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 18-DEC-1994 17:43:26.94 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on CANINE Security alarm (SECURITY) on CANINE, system id: 19681 Auditable event: Volume mount Event time: 18-DEC-1994 17:43:26.04 PID: 00000038 Username: HOBBIT Image name: CANINE$DUA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]VMOUNT.EXE;1 Object name: _CANINE$MUA0: Object type: device Object owner: [DEVO,HOBBIT] Object protection: SYSTEM:RWEDC, OWNER:RWEDC, GROUP:RWEDC, WORLD:RWEDC Logical name: TAPE$DBACK1 Volume name: DBACK1 Mount flags: /OVERRIDE=IDENT/MESSAGE

Alarms Reporting Network Connections

On VAX systems, you can audit the creation and termination of logical links with other nodes in the network when the connections made through DECnet Phase IV. To do so, specify the CONNECTION keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. For example:

Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19681 Auditable event: DECnet logical link deleted Event time: 12-NOV-1994 10:54:25.01 PID: 202002EB Process name: FAL_16729 Username: HUBERT_N Process owner: [ACCOUNTS,HUBERT] Image name: $1$DIA1:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]FAL.EXE Remote nodename: JPT Remote node id: 19.130 Remote username: HUBERT DECnet logical link ID: 16729 DECnet object name: FAL DECnet object number: 17 Remote logical link ID: 35429 Status: %SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful completion

Alarms Reporting Use of Process Control System Services

You can audit use of the process control system services, such as $CREPRC or $GETJPI, by specifying the PROCESS keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. This type of alarm reports the system service used to control a process, the device used, the name of the process and its user name. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 25-JUL-1994 16:07:09.20 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 20300 Auditable event: Process suspended ($SUSPND) Event time: 25-JUL-1994 16:07:08.77 PID: 30C00119 Process name: Hobbit Username: HUBERT Process owner: [LEGAL,HUBERT] Terminal name: RTA1: Image name: $99$DUA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]SET.EXE Status: %SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful completion Target PID: 30C00126 Target process name: SMISERVER Target username: SYSTEM Target process owner: [SYSTEM]

Alarms Reporting Use of Privilege

You can audit the use of privilege by specifying the PRIVILEGE keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. The alarm reports the privilege used and what it was used to do. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 17-SEP-1994 10:13:20.16 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19728 Auditable event: Privilege used Event information: PRMCEB used to create permanent common event flag cluster ($ASCEFC) Event time: 17-SEP-1994 10:13:20.01 PID: 30200117 Process name: Hobbit Username: HUBERT Process owner: [MTI,HUBERT] Terminal name: RTA1: Image name: DSA1:[HUBERT.TEST.ACCESS]ACCESS.EXE;50 Event flag cluster name: FOO Privileges used: PRMCEB

Alarms Reporting Modification of a System Parameter

You can audit the modification of a system parameter by specifying the SYSGEN keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. This type of alarm reports on both the active parameters and the parameters stored on disk. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 25-JUL-1994 16:09:04.67 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 20300 Auditable event: SYSGEN parameter set Event time: 25-JUL-1994 16:09:04.65 PID: 30C00119 Process name: Hobbit Username: HUBERT Process owner: [LEGAL,HUBERT] Terminal name: RTA1: Image name: $99$DUA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]SYSGEN.EXE Parameters write: SYS$SYSROOT:[SYSEXE]VAXVMSSYS.PAR;68 Parameters inuse: SYS$SYSROOT:[SYSEXE]VAXVMSSYS.PAR;68 NSA_PAGES: New: 15 Original: 10

Alarms Reporting a Change in System Time

You can audit changes to system time by specifying the TIME keyword with the /ENABLE qualifier of the SET AUDIT command. This type of alarm reports the old and the new system time, the name of the user making the modification, and the device used. For example:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 25-JUL-1994 16:08:25.23 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 20300 Auditable event: System time recalibrated Event time: 25-JUL-1994 16:08:25.21 PID: 30C00119 Process name: Hobbit Username: HUBERT Process owner: [LEGAL,HUBERT] Terminal name: RTA1: Image name: $99$DUA0:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.][SYSEXE]SET.EXE New system time: 25-JUL-1994 16:08:25.19 Old system time: 25-JUL-1994 16:08:25.18

Alarms Resulting from Execution of the SET AUDIT Command

All uses of the SET AUDIT command are automatically audited, and you cannot disable it. The following alarm messages are examples of SET AUDIT alarms:

%%%%%%%%%%% OPCOM 12-NOV-1994 10:54:11.91 %%%%%%%%%%% Message from user AUDIT$SERVER on FNORD Security alarm (SECURITY) and security audit (SECURITY) on FNORD, system id: 19681 Auditable event: Security alarm state set Event time: 12-NOV-1994 10:54:11.58 PID: 20200158 Alarm flags: ACL,AUTHORIZATION,CONNECTION BREAKIN: (DIALUP,LOCAL,REMOTE,NETWORK,DETACHED) LOGFAIL: (BATCH,DIALUP,LOCAL,REMOTE,NETWORK, SUBPROCESS,DETACHED)

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