Updated: 11 December 1998 |
OpenVMS Alpha Galaxy Guide
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The Galaxy Configuration File contains a considerable amount of configuration data and can grow quite large for complex Galaxy configurations. If the GCU displayed all the information it has about the system, the display would become unreasonably complex. To avoid this problem, the GCU provides Galaxy charts. Charts are simply a set of masks that control the visibility of the various components, devices, and interconnections. The entire component hierarchy is present, but only the components specified by the selected chart are visible. Selecting a different chart alters the visibility of component subsets.
By default, the GCU provides five preconfigured charts. Each is
designed to show a specific component relationship. Some GCU command
operations can be performed only within specific charts. For example,
you cannot reassign CPUs from within the Physical Structure chart. The
Physical Structure chart does not show the Galaxy instance components,
thus you would have no target to drag and drop a CPU on. Because you
can modify the charts the GCU does not restrict its menus and command
operations to specific chart selections. In some cases, the GCU
displays an informational message to help you select an appropriate
chart.
10.4.1 Component Identification and Display Properties
Each component has a unique identifier. This identifier can be a simple sequential number, such as with CPU IDs, a physical backplane slot number, as with I/O adapters, or a physical address, as with memory devices. Each component type is also assigned a shape and color by the GCU. Where possible, the GCU further distinguishes each component using supplementary information it gathers from the running system.
The display properties of each component are assigned within the Galaxy Configuration Ruleset (SYS$MANAGER:GALAXY.GCR). You should not edit this file, except to customize certain display properties, such as window color or display text style.
The text that gets displayed about each component is also customizable. Each component type has a set of statements in the ruleset that determine its appearance, data content, and interaction.
One useful feature is the ability to select which text is displayed in
each component type on the screen. The device declaration in the
ruleset allow you to specify the text and parameters, which make up the
display text statement. A subset of this display text is displayed
whenever the zoom scale factor does not allow the full text to be
displayed. This subset is known as the mnemonic. The mnemonic can be
altered to include any text and parameters.
10.4.2 Physical Structure Chart
The Physical Structure chart describes the physical hardware in the system. The large rectangular component at the top, or root, of the chart represents the physical system cabinet itself. Typically, below the root, you will find physical components such as modules, slots, arrays, adapters, and so on. The type of components presented and the depth of the component hierarchy is directly dependent on the level of support provided by the console firmware for each hardware platform. If you are viewing a single-instance Galaxy on any Alpha system, then only a small subset of components may be displayed. As a general rule, the console firmware presents components only down to the level of configurable devices, typically to the first-level I/O adapter or slightly beyond. It is not a goal of the GCU or of the Galaxy console firmware to map every device, but rather those that are of interest to Galaxy configuration management.
The Physical Structure chart is useful for viewing the entire collection of components in the system. However, it does not display any logical partitioning of the components.
In the Physical Structure chart you can:
The topmost component in the Physical Structure chart is known as the hardware root (HW_Root). Every Galaxy system has a single hardware root. It is useful to think of this as the physical floorplan of the machine. If a physical device has no specific lower place in the component hierarchy, it will appear as a child of the hardware root. A component that is a child can be assigned to other devices in the hierarchy when the machine is partitioned or logically defined.
Clicking the root instance of any chart will perform an auto-layout operation if the Auto Layout mode is set. |
Choose Ownership Overlay from the Windows menu to display the initial owner relationships for the various components. These relationships indicate the instance that will own the component after a power cycle. Once a system has been booted, migratable components may change owners dynamically. In order to alter the initial ownership, the console environment variables must be changed.
The ownership overlay has no effect on the Physical Structure chart or
the Failover Target chart.
10.4.3 Logical Structure Chart
The Logical Structure chart displays Galaxy communities and instances and is the best illustration of the relationships which form the Galaxy. Below these components are the various devices they currently own. Ownership is an important distinction between the Logical Structure chart and Physical Structure chart. In a Galaxy, resources that can be partitioned or dynamically reconfigured have two distinct "owners".
The owner describes where the device will turn up after a system power up. This value is determined by the console firmware during bus-probing procedures and through interpretation of the Galaxy environment variables. The owner values are stored in console nonvolatile memory so that they can be restored after a power cycle.
The current_owner describes the owner of a device at a particular moment in time. For example, a CPU is free to reassign among instances. As it does, its current_owner value is modified, but its owner value remains whatever it was set to by the lp_cpu_mask# environment variables.
The Logical Structure chart illustrates the current_owner
relationships. To view the nonvolatile owner relationships, select
Ownership Overlay from the Window menu.
10.4.3.1 Software Root
The topmost component in the Logical Structure chart is known as the software root (SW_Root). Every Galaxy system has a single software root. If a physical device has no specific owner, it will appear as a child of the software root. A component that has a child can be assigned to other devices in the hierarchy when the machine is logically defined.
Clicking the root instance of any chart will perform an auto layout operation if the Auto Layout mode is set. |
You can configure Galaxy partitions without assigning all devices to a partition, or you can define but not initialize one or more partitions. In either case, some hardware may be unassigned when the system boots.
The console firmware handles unassigned resources in the following manner:
Devices that remain unassigned after the system boots will appear
assigned to the software root component and may not be accessible.
10.4.3.3 Community Resources
Resources such as shared memory can be accessed by all instances within
a sharing community. Therefore, for shared memory, the community itself
is considered the owner.
10.4.3.4 Instance Resources
Resources that are currently or permanently owned by a specific
instance are displayed as children of the instance component.
10.4.4 Memory Assignment Chart
The Memory Assignment chart illustrates the partitioning and assignment of memory fragments among the Galaxy instances. This chart displays both hardware components (arrays, controllers, and so on) and software components (memory fragments).
Current Galaxy firmware and operating system software does not support
dynamic reconfiguration of memory. Therefore, the Memory Assignment
chart reflects the way the memory address space has been partitioned by
the console among the Galaxy instances. This information can be useful
for debugging system applications or for studying possible
configuration changes.
10.4.4.1 Console Fragments
The console requires one or more small fragments of memory. Typically,
a console allocates approximately 2 MB of memory in the low address
range of each partition. This varies by hardware platform and firmware
revision. Additionally, some consoles allocate a small fragment in high
address space for each partition to store memory bitmaps. The console
firmware may need to create additional fragments to enforce proper
memory alignment.
10.4.4.2 Private Fragments
Each Galaxy instance is required to have at least 64 MB of private
memory (includes the console fragments) to boot OpenVMS. This memory
may consist of a single fragment, or the console firmware may need to
create additional private fragments to enforce proper memory alignment.
10.4.4.3 Shared Memory Fragments
To create an OpenVMS Galaxy, a minimum of 8 MB of shared memory must be
allocated. This means the minimum memory requirement for an OpenVMS
Galaxy is actually 72 MB (64 MB for a single instance, and 8 MB for
shared memory).
10.4.5 CPU Assignment Chart
The CPU Assignment chart displays the minimal number of components
required to reassign CPUs among the Galaxy instances. This chart can be
useful for working with very large Galaxy configurations.
10.4.5.1 Primary CPU
Each primary CPU is displayed as an oval rather than a hexagon. This is
a reminder that primary CPUs cannot be reassigned or stopped. If you
attempt to drag and drop a primary CPU, the GCU displays an error
message in its status bar and does not allow the operation to occur.
10.4.5.2 Secondary CPUs
Secondary CPUs are displayed as hexagons. Secondary CPUs can be
reassigned among instances in either the Logical Structure chart or the
CPU Assignment chart. Simply drag and drop the CPU on the desired
instance. If you drop a CPU on the same instance that currently owns
it, the CPU will be stopped and restarted.
10.4.5.3 Fast Path and Affinitized CPUs
If you reassign a CPU that has a Fast Path device currently affinitized to the CPU, the affinity device will move to another CPU and the CPU reassignment will suceed. If a CPU has current process affinity assignment, the CPU cannot be reassigned.
For more information about using OpenVMS Fast Path features, see the
OpenVMS I/O User's Reference Manual.
10.4.5.4 Lost CPUs
You can reassign secondary CPUs to instances that are not yet booted (partitions).
Similarly, you can reassign a CPU to an instance that is not configured as a member of the Galaxy sharing community. In this case, you can push the CPU away from its current owner instance, but you cannot get it back unless you log in to the independent instance (a separate security domain) and reassign the CPU back to the current owner.
Regardless of whether an instance is part of the Galaxy sharing
community or is an independent instance, it will still be present in
the Galaxy configuration file; therefore, the GCU will still be able to
display it.
10.4.6 IOP Assignment Chart
The IOP Assignment chart displays the current relationship between I/O
modules and the Galaxy instances. Note that, depending on what type of
hardware platform is being used, a single-instance Galaxy on any Alpha
system may not show any I/O modules in this display.
10.4.7 Failover Target Chart
The Failover Target chart shows how each processor will automatically failover to other instances in the event of a shutdown or failure. Additionally, this chart illustrates the state of each CPU's autostart flag.
For each instance, a set of failover objects are shown, representing the full set of potential CPUs. By default, no failover relationships are established and all autostart flags are set.
To establish automatic failover of specific CPUs, drag and drop the desired failover object to the instance you want the associated CPU to target. To set failover relationships for all CPUs owned by an instance, drag and drop the instance object on top of the instance you want the CPUs to target.
To clear individual failover targets, drag and drop a failover object back to its owner instance. To clear all failover relationships, right-click on the instance object to display the Parameters & Commands dialog box, click on the Commands button, click the "Clear ALL failover targets?", button and then click OK.
By default, whenever a failover operation occurs, the CPUs will automatically start once they arrive in the target instance. You can control this autostart function using the autostart commands found in the Parameters & Commands dialog box for each failover object, or each instance object. The Failover Target chart displays the state of the autostart flag by displaying the Failover objects in green if autostart is set, and red if autostart is clear.
Please note the following restrictions in the current implementation of failover and autostart management.
Each component has a set of parameters that can be displayed and, in some cases, altered. To display a component's parameters, position the cursor on the desired component, click the right mouse button, and select the Parameters item from the popup menu entry. Alternately, you can select a component, then select the Parameters item from the Components menu.
Where parameters are subject to unit conversion, changing the display
unit will update the display and any currently visible parameter dialog
boxes. Other parameters represent a snapshot of the system component
and are not dynamically updated. If these parameters change, you must
close and then reopen the Parameters dialog box to see the updated
values.
10.6 Executing Component Commands
A component's Parameters dialog box may also contain a command page. If
so, you can access the commands by clicking on the Commands button at
the top of the dialog box. Most of the commands are executed by
clicking on their toggle buttons and then clicking the OK or Apply
buttons. Other commands may require that you enter information, or
select values from a list or option menu. Note that if you select
several commands, they will be executed in a top-down order. Be sure to
choose command sequences that are logical.
10.7 Customizing GCU Menus
System Managers can extend and customize the GCU menus and menu entries by creating a file named SYS$MANAGER:GCU$CUSTOM.GCR. The file must contain only menu statements formatted as illustrated in the following examples. The GCU$CUSTOM.GCR file is optional. It will be preserved during operating system upgrades.
FORMAT EXAMPLE: MENU "Menu-Name" "Entry-Name" Procedure-type "DCL-command" * Menu-Name - A quoted string representing the name of the pulldown menu to add or extend. * Entry-Name - A quoted string representing the name of the menu entry to add. * Procedure-type - A keyword describing the type of procedure to invoke when the menu entry is selected. Valid Procedure-type keywords include: COMMAND_PROCEDURE - Executes a DCL command or command file. SUBPROC_PROCEDURE - Executes a DCL command in subprocess context. * DCL-command - A quoted string containing a DCL command statement consisting of an individual command or invokation of a command procedure. |
To create a procedure to run on other instances, create a command procedure which uses SYSMAN or task-to-task methods similar to what the GCU uses in SYS$MANAGER:GCU$ACTIONS.COM. You can extend GCU$ACTIONS.COM, but this file will be replaced during operating system upgrades and is subject to change.
EXAMPLE MENU STATEMENTS (place in SYS$MANAGER:GCU$CUSTOM.GCR): // GCU$CUSTOM.GCR - GCU menu customizations // Note that the file must end with the END-OF-FILE statement. // MENU "Tools" "Availability Manager" SUBPROC_PROCEDURE "AVAIL/GROUP=DECamds" MENU "Tools" "Create DECterm" COMMAND_PROCEDURE "CREATE/TERM/DETACH" MENU "DCL" "Show CPU" COMMAND_PROCEDURE "SHOW CPU" MENU "DCL" "Show Memory" COMMAND_PROCEDURE "SHOW MEMORY" MENU "DCL" "Show System" COMMAND_PROCEDURE "SHOW SYSTEM" MENU "DCL" "Show Cluster" COMMAND_PROCEDURE "SHOW CLUSTER" END-OF-FILE |
The DECamds availability manager software provides a valuable real-time view of the Galaxy system. DECamds can monitor all Galaxy instances from a single workstation or PC anywhere on the local area network. DECamds utilizes a custom OpenVMS driver (RMDRIVER) that periodically gathers availability data from the system. This information is returned to the DECamds client application using a low-level Ethernet protocol. The client application provides numerous views and graphs of the system's availability characteristics. Additionally, when DECamds detects one of numerous known conditions, it notifies the user and offers a set of solutions (called fixes) that can be applied to resolve the condition.
Every OpenVMS system comes with the DECamds Data Collector (RMDRIVER) installed. To enable the collector, you must execute its startup procedure inside SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM or manually on each Galaxy instance you want to monitor. Use the following commands to start the data collector:
$ @SYS$STARTUP:AMDS$STARTUP START or STOP |
Prior to starting the collector, you need to specify a group name for your Galaxy. Do so by editing the file SYS$COMMON:[AMDS]AMDS$LOGICALS.COM. This file includes a statement for declaring a group name. Choose any unique name, making sure this file on each Galaxy instance contains the same group name.
When using DECamds, OpenVMS Engineering finds it useful to display the
System Overview window, the Event Window and a CPU Summary window for
each Galaxy instance. There are a number of additional views you can
monitor depending on your specific interests. For more information
about DECamds, refer to the DECamds Users Guide.
10.9 Creating an Instance
The current implementation of the Galaxy Software Architecture for
OpenVMS requires that you predefine the Galaxy instances you intend to
use. You can do this by using console environment variables. Refer to
the appropriate sections of this guide for more details about Galaxy
environment variables.
10.10 Dissolving an Instance
The only way to effectively dissolve a Galaxy instance is to shut it
down, reassign its resources using console environment variables, and,
if necessary, reboot any instances that will acquire new resources.
10.11 Shutdown and Reboot Cycles
Resources such as CPUs can be dynamically reassigned once the involved
instances are booted. To reassign statically assigned resources, such
as I/O modules, you must shut down and reboot the involved instances
after executing the appropriate console commands.
10.12 Online versus Offline Models
The GCU allows you to display and interact with the active (online) or inactive (offline) Galaxy configuration models. When the configuration display represents a model of the active system, the GCU displays the state of the CPUs and instances using color and text. When the configuration model is engaged in this manner, you can interact with the active system using drag-and-drop procedures. The formal description for this mode of operation is interacting with the engaged, online model.
GCU users can also interact with any number of disengaged, or offline, models. Offline models can be saved to or loaded from files. An offline model can also be derived from the active online model by clicking the Engage button to be disengaged when the active online model is displayed. In addition to the visual state of the Engage button, the GCU also indicates the online versus offline characteristic of the CPUs and instances by using color and text. Any drag-and-drop actions directed at an offline model are interpreted as simple editing functions. They change the internal structure of the model but do not affect the active system.
When an offline model is engaged, the GCU compares the structure of the
model with that of the active system. If they agree, the offline model
is engaged and its new online state is indicated with color and text.
If they do not agree, the GCU determines what management actions would
be required to alter the active system to match the proposed model. A
list of the resulting management actions is presented to the user and
the user is asked whether they would like to execute the action list.
If the user disapproves, the model remains offline and disengaged. If
the user approves, the GCU executes the management actions and the
resulting model is displayed as online and engaged.
10.13 GCU System Messages
%GCU-E-SUBPROCHALT, Subprocess halted; See GCU.LOG. The GCU has launched a user-defined subprocess which has terminated with error status. Details may be found in the file GCU.LOG. %GCU-S-SUBPROCTERM, Subprocess terminated The GCU has launched a user-defined subprocess which has terminated. %GCU-I-SYNCMODE, XSynchronize activated The GCU has been invoked with X-windows synchronous mode enabled. This is a development mode which is not generally used. %GCU-W-NOCPU, Unable to locate CPU A migration action was initiated which involved an unknown CPU. This can result from engaging a model which contains invalid CPU identifiers for the current system. %GCU-E-NORULESET, Ruleset not found: The GCU was unable to locate the Galaxy Configuration Ruleset in SYS$MANAGER:GALAXY.GCR. New versions of this file can be downloaded from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-E-NOMODEL, Galaxy configuration model not found: The specified Galaxy Configuration Model was not found. Check your command line model file specification. %GCU-W-XTOOLKIT, X-Toolkit Warning: The GCU has intercepted an X-Toolkit warning. You may or may not be able to continue, depending on the type of warning. %GCU-S-ENGAGED, New Galaxy configuration model engaged The GCU has successfully engaged a new Galaxy Configuration Model. %GCU-E-DISENGAGED, Unable to engage Galaxy configuration model The GCU has failed to engage a new Galaxy Configuration Model. This can happen when a specified model is invalid for the current system, or when other system activities prevent the requested resource assignments. %GCU-E-NODECW, DECwindows is not installed. The current system does not have the required DECwindows support. %GCU-E-HELPERROR Help subsystem error. The DECwindows Help system (Bookreader) encountered an error. %GCU-E-TOPICERROR Help topic not found. The DECwindows Help system could not locate the specified topic. %GCU-E-INDEXERROR Help index not found. The DECwindows Help system could not locate the specified index. %GCU-E-UNKNOWN_COMPONENT: {name} The current model contains reference to an unknown component. This can result from model or ruleset corruption. Search for the named component in the ruleset SYS$MANAGER:GALAXY.GCR. If it is not found, download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web site. If the problem persists, delete and recreate the offending model. %GCU-I-UNASSIGNED_HW: Found unassigned {component}" The GCU has detected a hardware component which is not currently assigned to any Galaxy instance. This may result from intentionally leaving unassigned resources. Note the message and continue or assign the hardware component from the primary Galaxy console and reboot. %GCU-E-UNKNOWN_KEYWORD: {word} The GCU has parsed an unknown keyword in the current model file. This can only result from model file format corruption. Delete and recreate the offending model. %GCU-E-NOPARAM: Display field {field name} The GCU has parsed an incomplete component statement in the current model. This can only result from model file format corruption. Delete and recreate the offending model. %GCU-E-NOEDITFIELD: No editable field in display. The GCU has attempted to edit a component parameter which is undefined. This can only result from model file format corruption. Delete and recreate the offending model. %GCU-E-UNDEFTYPE, Undefined Parameter Data Type: {type} The GCU has parsed an unknown data type in a model component parameter. This can result from model file format corruption or incompatible ruleset for the current model. Search the ruleset SYS$MANAGER:GALAXY.GCR for the offending datatype. If not found, download a more recent ruleset from the OpenVMS Galaxy web site. If found, delete and recreate the offending model. %GCU-E-INVALIDMODEL, Invalid model structure in: {model file} The GCU attempted to load an invalid model file. Delete and recreate the offending model. %GCU-F-TERMINATE Unexpected termination. The GCU encountered a fatal DECwindows event. %GCU-E-GCTLOOP: Configuration Tree Parser Loop The GCU has attempted to parse a corrupt configuration tree. This may be a result of console firmware or operating system fault. %GCU-E-INVALIDNODE: Invalid node in Configuration Tree The GCU has parsed an invalid structure within the configuration tree. This can only result from configuration tree corruption or revision mismatch between the ruleset and console firmware. %GCU-W-UNKNOWNBUS: Unknown BUS subtype: {type} The GCU has parsed an unknown bus type in the current configuration tree. This can only result from revision mismatch between the ruleset and console firmware. %GCU-W-UNKNOWNCTRL, Unknown Controller type: {type} The GCU has parsed an unknown controller type in the current configuration tree. This can only result from revision mismatch between the ruleset and console firmware. %GCU-W-UNKNOWNCOMP, Unknown component type: {type} The GCU has parsed an unknown component type in the current configuration tree. This can only result from revision mismatch between the ruleset and console firmware. %GCU-E-NOIFUNCTION, Unknown internal function The user has modified the ruleset file and specified an unknown internal GCU function. Correct the ruleset or download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-E-NOEFUNCTION, Missing external function The user has modified the ruleset file and specified an unknown external function. Correct the ruleset or download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-E-NOCFUNCTION, Missing command function The user has modified the ruleset file and specified an unknown command procedure. Correct the ruleset or download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-E-UNKNOWN_COMPONENT: {component} The GCU has parsed an unknown component. This can result from ruleset corruption or revision mismatch between the ruleset and console firmware. %GCU-E-BADPROP, Invalid ruleset DEVICE property The GCU has parsed an invalid ruleset component statement. This can only result from ruleset corruption. Download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-E-BADPROP, Invalid ruleset CHART property The GCU has parsed an invalid chart statement. This can only result from ruleset corruption. Download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-E-BADPROP, Invalid ruleset INTERCONNECT property The GCU has parsed an invalid ruleset interconnect statement. This can only result from ruleset corruption. Download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-E-INTERNAL Slot {slot detail} The GCU has encountered an invalid datatype from a component parameter. This can result from ruleset or model corruption. Download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. If the problem persists, delete and recreate the offending model. %GCU-F-PARSERR, {detail} The GCU encountered a fatal error while parsing the ruleset. Download a new one from the OpenVMS Galaxy web page. %GCU-W-NOLOADFONT: Unable to load font: {font} The GCU could not locate the specified font on the current system. A default font will be used instead. %GCU-W-NOCOLORCELL: Unable to allocate color The GCU is unable to access a colormap entry. This can result from a system with limited color support or from having an excessive number of graphical applications open at the same time. GCU-E-NOGALAXY, This system is not configured as a Galaxy. Description: The user has issued the CONFIGURE GALAXY/ENGAGE command on a system which is not configured for Galaxy operation. User Action: Configure your system for Galaxy operation using the procedures described in the OpenVMS Galaxy Guide. If you only want to run a single-instance Galaxy, enter CONFIGURE GALAXY without the /ENGAGE qualifier and follow the instructions provided by the Galaxy Configuration Utility. %GCU-E-ACTIONNOTALPHA GCU actions require OpenVMS Alpha A GCU user has attempted to invoke a Galaxy configuration operation on an OpenVMS VAX system. %GCU-I-ACTIONBEGIN at {time}, on {instance} {mode} This informational message indicates the start of a configuration action on the specified Galaxy instance. Note that many actions require collaboration between command environments on two separate Galaxy instances, thus, you may encounter two of these messages, one per instance involved in the operation. The mode argument indicates which instance is local versus remote. %GCU-S-ACTIONEND at {time}, on {nodename} This is the normal successful completion message following a Galaxy configuration action. Note that many actions require collaboration between command environments on two separate Galaxy instances, thus, you may encounter two of these messages, one per instance involved in the operation. %GCU-S-ACTIONEND, Exiting GCU$ACTIONS on ^Y Indicates that the user has aborted a Galaxy configuration action using Control-Y. %GCU-S-ACTIONEND, Exiting GCU$ACTIONS on error {message} Indicates that a Galaxy configuration action terminated with error status as indicated by the message argument. %GCU-E-ACTIONUNKNOWN no action specified Indicates that the GCU$ACTIONS.COM procedure was called improperly. It is possible that the command procedure has been corrupted or is out of revision for the current system. %GCU-E-ACTIONNOSIN no source instance name specified Indicates that the GCU$ACTIONS.COM procedure was called improperly. It is possible that the command procedure has been corrupted or is out of revision for the current system. %GCU-E-ACTIONBAD failed to execute the specfied action Indicates that a Galaxy configuration action aborted due to an indeterminate error condition. Review related screen messages and verify that the necessary proxy accounts have been established. %GCU-E-INSFPRIVS, Insufficient privileges for attempted operation An underprivileged user has attempted to perform a Galaxy configuration action. Typically, these actions are performed from within the system managers account. OPER and SYSPRV privileges are required. %GCU-E-NCF network connect to {instance} failed An error has occurred trying to open a DECnet task-to-task connection between the current and specified instances. Review related screen messages and verify that the necessary proxy accounts have been established. |
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