Updated: 11 December 1998

OpenVMS DCL Dictionary

In this example, the DEFINE command places the logical name PORTLAND in the process logical name table with an equivalence name of PRTLND::YYY0:[DECNET.DEMO.COM]. Subsequent references to the logical name PORTLAND result in the correspondence between the logical name PORTLAND and the node, disk, and subdirectory specified.

#6
$ DEFINE LOCAL "BOSTON""JAY_SABLE JKS""::"

In this example, the DEFINE command places the logical name LOCAL in the process logical name table with a remote node equivalence name of BOSTON"JAY_SABLE JKS"::. To satisfy conventions for local DCL command string processing, you must use three sets of quotation marks. The quotation marks ensure that access control information is enclosed in one set of quotation marks in the equivalence name.

$ DEFINE MYDISK XXX0:[MYDIR], YYY0:[TESTDIR]
      

In this example, the DEFINE command places the logical name MYDISK in the process logical name table with two equivalence names: XXX0:[MYDIR] and YYY0:[TESTDIR].

$ DEFINE/TABLE=LNM$CLUSTER_TABLE FIRENZE FIRENZE::FIESOLE:[ETRUSCAN]
      

In this example, the DEFINE command equates FIRENZE to the directory specification FIRENZE::FIESOLE:[ETRUSCAN] and places both the new logical name (FIRENZE) and its equivalence string (FIRENZE::FIESOLE:[ETRUSCAN]) in the default clusterwide table. The new logical name is automatically propagated to all nodes in the cluster.

$  CREATE/NAME_TABLE TABLE1 
$  DEFINE/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY LNM$FILE_DEV - 
_$ TABLE1,LNM$PROCESS,LNM$JOB,LNM$GROUP,LNM$SYSTEM 
$  DEFINE/TABLE=TABLE1 - 
_$ /TRANSLATION_ATTRIBUTES=CONCEALED   WORK_DISK DBA1: 
      

In this example, the CREATE/NAME_TABLE command creates the process private logical name table TABLE1.

The first DEFINE command ensures that TABLE1 is searched first in any logical name translation of a device or file specification (because TABLE1 is the first item in the equivalence string for the logical name LNM$FILE_DEV, which determines the default search sequence of logical name tables whenever a device or file specification is translated).

The second DEFINE command assigns the logical name WORK_DISK to the physical device DBA1 and places the name in TABLE1. The logical name has the concealed attribute. Therefore, the logical name WORK_DISK is displayed in system messages.

$ CREATE/NAME_TABLE SPECIAL
$ DEFINE/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY LNM$FILE_DEV -
_$ SPECIAL,LNM$PROCESS,LNM$JOB,LNM$GROUP,LNM$SYSTEM
$ DEFINE/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY TAB SPECIAL
$ DEFINE/TABLE=TAB REPORT [CHELSEA]STORES
$ SHOW LOGICAL/TABLE=SPECIAL REPORT
  "REPORT" = "[CHELSEA]STORES" (SPECIAL)
 
      

In this example, the CREATE/NAME_TABLE command is used to create a new logical name table called SPECIAL. This table is defined in the process directory, LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY.

The first DEFINE command ensures that SPECIAL is searched first in any logical name translation of a device or file specification (because SPECIAL is the first item in the equivalence string for the logical name LNM$FILE_DEV, which determines the default search sequence of logical name tables whenever a device or file specification is translated). The logical name LNM$FILE_DEV is placed in the process directory, LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY.

With the next DEFINE command, a new logical name, TAB, is defined. TAB translates to the string SPECIAL, which identifies a logical name table. You must define TAB in the process directory because it translates iteratively to a logical name table.

Next, the logical name REPORT is placed into the logical name table TAB. Because TAB translates to the table SPECIAL, the name REPORT is entered into SPECIAL table. The SHOW LOGICAL command verifies that the name REPORT has been entered into the table SPECIAL.

Note that you can redefine TAB so it translates to a different table. Therefore, if you run different programs that use the name TAB as a table name, you can change the actual tables where the names are entered or referenced.

Assigns a numeric value to a queue characteristic. The /CHARACTERISTIC qualifier is required. If a value has been assigned to the characteristic, you must delete and redefine the characteristic to alter the assignment of the existing characteristic.

Requires OPER (operator) privilege.

Note You cannot define more than one characteristic name to a number.

Format

DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC characteristic-name characteristic-number

Parameters

characteristic-name

Assigns a name to the characteristic being defined. The characteristic name can be the name of an existing characteristic or a string of 1 to 31 characters that defines a new characteristic. The character string can include any uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, the dollar sign ($), and the underscore (_), and must include at least one alphabetic character. Only one characteristic name can be defined to each number.

characteristic-number

Assigns a number in the range 0 to 127 to the characteristic being defined.

Description

The system manager or operator uses the DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC command to assign a name and number to a particular characteristic for queues in the system. Characteristics can refer to any attribute of a print or batch job that is meaningful for your environment. The name and number of a characteristic are arbitrary, but they must be unique for that characteristic.

Note Prior to OpenVMS Version 6.0, the DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC command allowed you to define more than one characteristic name to a number, although this capability was unsupported. The DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC command no longer allows you to define more than one characteristic name to a number. However, if your queue configuration requires you to have more than one characteristic name for a single number, you can define logical names to achieve the same result. For example, you might enter the following commands: $ DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC SECOND_FLOOR 2 $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXECUTIVE_MODE SALES_FLOOR SECOND_FLOOR $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXECUTIVE_MODE SALES_DEPT SECOND_FLOOR In this example, the characteristic name SECOND_FLOOR is assigned to the characteristic number 2. The logical names SALES_FLOOR and SALES_DEPT are then defined as equivalent to the characteristic name SECOND_FLOOR. As a result, the logical names SALES_FLOOR and SALES_DEPT are each equivalent to the characteristic name SECOND_FLOOR and the characteristic number 2. These logical names can be specified as the characteristic-name value for any /CHARACTERISTIC=characteristic-name qualifier. In an OpenVMS Cluster environment, you must define the logical names on every node that requires them.

After characteristics have been defined, they can be associated with print or batch jobs and execution queues. For information on specifying characteristics with jobs, see the description of the /CHARACTERISTICS qualifier of the PRINT and SUBMIT commands.

To find out what characteristics are currently defined for the system, use the SHOW QUEUE/CHARACTERISTICS command. To find out which characteristics have been specified for a particular queue, use the SHOW QUEUE/FULL command. For information on associating characteristics with queues, see the descriptions of the /CHARACTERISTICS qualifier of the INITIALIZE/QUEUE, SET QUEUE, and START/QUEUE commands.

The DELETE/CHARACTERISTIC command deletes a previously defined characteristic.

For more information on specifying queue characteristics, refer to the OpenVMS System Manager's Manual.

Example

$ DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC REDINK 3
      

The DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC command in this example defines the characteristic REDINK with the number 3. When a user enters the command PRINT/CHARACTERISTICS=REDINK (or PRINT /CHARACTERISTICS=3), the job is printed only if the printer queue has been established with the REDINK or 3 characteristic.

Assigns a numeric value and attributes to a print form name. The /FORM qualifier is required. To modify a form's name or number, you must delete and redefine the form. Values for any DEFINE/FORM qualifier can be modified by re-entering the DEFINE/FORM command with different values, as long as the form name and number remain the same.

Requires OPER (operator) privilege.

Format

DEFINE/FORM form-name form-number

Parameters

form-name

Assigns a name to the form being defined. The form name can be the name of an existing form type or a string of 1 to 31 characters that defines a new form type. The character string can include any uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, the dollar sign ($), and the underscore (_), and must include at least one alphabetic character.

form-number

Assigns a number in the range 0 to 9999 to the form being defined. The DEFAULT form, which is defined automatically when the system is bootstrapped, is assigned number zero.

Description

The system manager or operator uses the DEFINE/FORM command to assign a name and number to a type of paper stock and printing area for use with printer or terminal queues. When a new queue file is created, the system defines a form named DEFAULT with a form number of zero and all the default attributes.

Some DEFINE/FORM qualifiers specify the area for printing. The LEFT and RIGHT options of the /MARGIN qualifier and the /WIDTH qualifier determine the number of characters per line. Using the RIGHT option of the MARGIN qualifier and the /WIDTH qualifier, you can affect the point at which lines of text wrap. (You cannot use the LEFT and RIGHT options of the /MARGIN qualifier and the /WIDTH qualifier for filling or formatting the text, however.)

You also can use the DEFINE/FORM command to specify different types of paper stock. The /DESCRIPTION qualifier enables you to describe more fully the form name.

After forms have been defined, they can be associated with print jobs and output execution queues. For information on specifying forms with jobs, see the description of the PRINT/FORM command.

To find out what forms have been defined for the system, use the SHOW QUEUE/FORM command. To find out which form is mounted currently on a particular queue and which form is specified as that queue's default form, use the SHOW QUEUE/FULL command. For information on associating forms with queues, see the descriptions of the /DEFAULT and /FORM_MOUNTED qualifiers of the INITIALIZE/QUEUE, SET QUEUE, and START/QUEUE commands.

For more information on how to use forms to control print jobs, refer to the OpenVMS System Manager's Manual.

Qualifiers

/DESCRIPTION=string

A string of up to 255 characters used to provide operator information about the form. The default string is the specified form name.

The string can be used to define the form type more specifically. For example, if you have form names such as LETTER1, LETTER2, and LETTER3, the /DESCRIPTION qualifier could be used to let the users and operators know that LETTER1 refers to the standard corporate letterhead paper (8.5 inches x 11 inches), LETTER2 refers to the smaller corporate letterhead paper (6 inches x 9 inches), and LETTER3 refers to the president's personalized letterhead paper.

Enclose strings containing lowercase letters, blanks, or other nonalphanumeric characters (including spaces) in quotation marks (" ").

/LENGTH=n

Specifies the physical length of a form page in lines. The default page length is 66 lines, which assumes a standard page length of 11 inches with 6 lines of print per inch. The parameter n must be a positive integer greater than zero and not more than 255.

The print symbiont sets the page length of the device equal to the form length. This enables the driver to compute the number of line feeds for devices lacking mechanical form feed.

/MARGIN=(option[,...])

Specifies one or more of the four margin options: BOTTOM, LEFT, RIGHT, and TOP.

BOTTOM=n	Specifies the number of blank lines between the end of the print image area and the end of the physical page; the value of n must be between 0 and the value of the /LENGTH qualifier. The default value is 6, which generally means a 1-inch bottom margin.
LEFT=n	Specifies the number of blank columns between the leftmost printing position and the print image area; the value of n must be between 0 and the value of the /WIDTH qualifier. The default is 0, which means that the print image area starts as far to the left of the paper as the printer can go.
RIGHT=n	Specifies the number of blank columns between the /WIDTH qualifier and the image area; the value of n must be between 0 and the value of the /WIDTH qualifier. When determining the value of the RIGHT option, start at the /WIDTH value and count to the left. The default value is 0, which means that the print image extends as far to the right as the /WIDTH value.
TOP=n	Specifies the number of blank lines between the top of the physical page and the top of the print image; the value of n must be between 0 and the value of the /LENGTH qualifier. The default value is 0, which generally means that there is no top margin.

/PAGE_SETUP=(module[,...])

/NOPAGE_SETUP (default)

Specifies one or more modules that set up the device at the start of each page. The modules are located in the device control library. While the form is mounted, the system extracts the specified module and copies it to the printer before each page is printed.

/SETUP=(module[,...])

Specifies one or more modules that set up the device at the start of each file. The modules are located in the device control library. While the form is mounted, the system extracts the specified module and copies it to the printer before each file is printed.

For more information on device control modules, refer to the chapter on Batch and Print Operations in the OpenVMS System Manager's Manual.

/SHEET_FEED

/NOSHEET_FEED (default)

Specifies that print jobs pause at the end of every physical page so that a new sheet of paper can be inserted.

/STOCK=string

Specifies the type of paper stock to be associated with the form. The string parameter can be a string of 1 to 31 characters, including the dollar sign, underscore, and all alphanumeric characters. If you specify the /STOCK qualifier you must specify the name of the stock to be associated with the form. If you do not specify the /STOCK qualifier, the name of the stock will be the same as the name of the form.

You can create any string that you want. However, when you are creating forms with the same stock, be sure that the /STOCK string is identical in all the DEFINE/FORM commands that refer to the same type of paper.

If you are defining a number of forms to provide different formatting options, specify the same stock type for each form. Jobs that request any of these forms will print on the same queue. If you want to modify the stock string associated with a form, you can do this only if the form is not referenced by any job or queue.

/TRUNCATE (default)

/NOTRUNCATE

Discards any characters that exceed the current line length (specified by the /WIDTH and /MARGIN=RIGHT qualifiers). The /TRUNCATE qualifier is incompatible with the /WRAP qualifier. If you specify both the /NOTRUNCATE and /NOWRAP qualifiers, the printer prints as many characters on a line as possible. This combination of qualifiers is useful for some types of graphics output.

/WIDTH=n

Specifies the physical width of the paper in terms of columns or character positions. The parameter n must be an integer from 0 to 65,535; the default value is 132.

Any lines exceeding this value wrap if the /WRAP qualifier is in effect or are truncated if the /TRUNCATE qualifier is in effect. (If both the /NOTRUNCATE and /NOWRAP qualifiers are in effect, lines print as far as possible.)

The /MARGIN=RIGHT qualifier overrides the /WIDTH qualifier when determining when to wrap lines of text.

/WRAP

/NOWRAP (default)

Causes lines that exceed the current line length (specified by the /WIDTH and /MARGIN=RIGHT qualifiers) to wrap onto the next line. The /WRAP qualifier is incompatible with the /TRUNCATE qualifier. If you specify both the /NOWRAP and /NOTRUNCATE qualifiers, the printer prints as many characters on a line as possible. This combination of qualifiers is useful for some types of graphics output.

Example

$ DEFINE/FORM /MARGIN=(TOP=6,LEFT=10) CENTER 3
      

The DEFINE/FORM command in this example defines the form CENTER to have a top margin of 6 and a left margin of 10. The defaults remain in effect for both bottom margin (6) and right margin (0). The form is assigned the number 3.

Associates an equivalence string and a set of attributes with a key on the terminal keyboard.

Format

DEFINE/KEY key-name equivalence-string

Parameters

key-name

Specifies the name of the key that you are defining. All definable keys on VT52 terminals are located on the numeric keypad. On VT100-series terminals, you can define the left and right arrow keys as well as all the keys on the numeric keypad. On terminals with LK201 keyboards, the following three types of keys can be defined:

• Keys on the numeric keypad
• Keys on the editing keypad (except the up and down arrow keys)
• Keys on the function key row across the top of the keyboard (except keys F1 to F5)

The following table lists the key names in column one. The remaining three columns indicate the key designations on the keyboards of the three different types of terminals that allow key definitions.

Key Name	LK201	VT100-Series	VT52
PF1	PF1	PF1	[blue]
PF2	PF2	PF2	[red]
PF3	PF3	PF3	[gray]
PF4	PF4	PF4	- -
KP0, KP1, ..., KP9	0, 1, ..., 9	0, 1, ..., 9	0, 1, ..., 9
Period	.	.	.
Comma	,	,	n/a
Minus	-	-	n/a
Enter	Enter	ENTER	ENTER
Left	<-	<-	<-
Right	->	->	->
Find (E1)	Find	---	---
Insert Here (E2)	Insert Here	---	---
Remove (E3)	Remove	---	---
Select (E4)	Select	---	---
Prev Screen (E5)	Prev Screen	---	---
Next Screen (E6)	Next Screen	---	---
Help	Help	---	---
Do	Do	---	---
F6, F7, ..., F20	F6, F7, ..., F20	---	---

Some definable keys are enabled for definition all the time. Others, including KP0 to KP9, Period, Comma, and Minus, must be enabled for definition purposes. You must enter either the SET TERMINAL/APPLICATION or the SET TERMINAL/NONUMERIC command before using these keys.

On LK201 keyboards, you cannot define the up and down arrow keys or function keys F1 to F5. The left and right arrow keys and the F6 to F14 keys are reserved for command line editing. You must enter the SET TERMINAL/NOLINE_EDITING command before defining these keys. You can also press Ctrl/V to enable keys F7 to F14. Note that Ctrl/V will not enable the F6 key.

equivalence-string

Specifies the character string to be processed when you press the key. Enclose the string in quotation marks (" ") to preserve spaces and lowercase characters.

Description

The DEFINE/KEY command enables you to assign definitions to the peripheral keys on certain terminals. The terminals include VT52s, the VT100 series, and terminals with LK201 keyboards.

To define keys on the numeric keypads of these terminals, you must first enter the SET TERMINAL/APPLICATION or SET TERMINAL/NONUMERIC command. When your terminal has this setting, the system interprets the keystrokes from keypad keys differently. For example, with SET TERMINAL/NONUMERIC in effect, pressing the 1 key on the keypad does not send the character "1" to the system.

The equivalence string definition can contain different types of information. Definitions often consist of DCL commands. For example, you can assign SHOW TIME to the zero key. When you press 0, the system displays the current date and time. Other definitions can consist of text strings to be appended to command lines. When you define a key to insert a text string, use the /NOTERMINATE qualifier so that you can continue typing more data after the string has been inserted.

In most instances you will want to use the echo feature. The default setting is /ECHO. With /ECHO set, the key definition is displayed on the screen each time you press the key.

You can use the /STATE qualifier to increase the number of key definitions available on your terminal. The same key can be assigned any number of definitions, as long as each definition is associated with a different state. State names can contain any alphanumeric characters, dollar signs, and underscores. Be sure to create a state name that is easy to remember and type and, if possible, one that might remind you of the types of definitions you created for that state. For example, you can create a state called SETSHOW. The key definitions for this state might all refer to various DCL SET and SHOW commands. If you are used to the EDT Editor, you might define a state as GOLD. Then, using the /IF_STATE qualifier, you can assign different definitions to keys used in combination with a key defined as GOLD.

The SET KEY command changes the keypad state. Use the SHOW KEY command to display key definitions and states.

Qualifiers

/ECHO (default)

/NOECHO

Displays the equivalence string on your screen after the key has been pressed. You cannot use the /NOECHO qualifier with the /NOTERMINATE qualifier.

/ERASE

/NOERASE (default)

Determines whether the current line is erased before the key translation is inserted.

/IF_STATE=(state-name,...)

/NOIF_STATE

Specifies a list of one or more states, one of which must be in effect for the key definition to work. The /NOIF_STATE qualifier has the same meaning as /IF_STATE=current_state. The state name is an alphanumeric string. States are established with the /SET_STATE qualifier or the SET KEY command. If you specify only one state name, you can omit the parentheses. By including several state names, you can define a key to have the same function in all the specified states.

/LOCK_STATE

/NOLOCK_STATE (default)

Specifies that the state set by the /SET_STATE qualifier remain in effect until explicitly changed. (By default, the /SET_STATE qualifier is in effect only for the next definable key you press or the next read-terminating character that you type.) This qualifier can be specified only with the /SET_STATE qualifier.

/LOG (default)

/NOLOG

Displays a message indicating that the key definition has been successfully created.

/SET_STATE=state-name

/NOSET_STATE (default)

Causes the specified state-name to be set when the key is pressed. (By default, the current locked state is reset when the key is pressed.) If you have not included this qualifier with a key definition, you can use the SET KEY command to change the current state. The state name can be any alphanumeric string; specify the state as a character string enclosed in quotation marks.

/TERMINATE

/NOTERMINATE (default)

Specifies whether the current equivalence string is to be processed immediately when the key is pressed (equivalent to entering the string and pressing the Return key). By default, you can press other keys before the definition is processed. This allows you to create key definitions that insert text into command lines, after prompts, or into other text that you are entering.

Examples

$ DEFINE/KEY PF3 "SHOW TIME" /TERMINATE
%DCL-I-DEFKEY, DEFAULT key PF3 has been defined
$ [PF3]
$ SHOW TIME
  14-DEC-1998 14:43:59 
      

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