OpenVMS DCL Dictionary

Document revision date: 19 July 1999

OpenVMS DCL Dictionary

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Index

The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 15 asterisks to separate each window within a file.

/HIGHLIGHT[=keyword]

/NOHIGHLIGHT (default)

You can use one of the following keywords: BOLD, BLINK, REVERSE, and UNDERLINE. BOLD is the default highlighting on ANSI video terminals with advanced video; REVERSE is the default highlighting on ANSI video terminals without advanced video.

For hardcopy printing, you can use the HARDCOPY=OVERSTRIKE and HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE keywords. This specifies that the strings should be highlighted in a manner suitable for most hardcopy printers. With overstrike highlighting, matched strings are double-printed, so that they appear darker. The matched strings are underlined with the underscore character.

Hardcopy printing is accomplished by adding a carriage return and spacing back over the line to overprint the string or underlines. Note that this can as much as double the length of the line, and perhaps lead to truncation if the device buffer size is too small.

Compaq recommends that you use the /HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE qualifier with the DIGITAL LN01 printer rather than using the /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE qualifier. The LN01 printer ignores OVERSTRIKE highlighting.

Compaq recommends that you use either the /HIGHLIGHT=BOLD or the /HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE qualifier with the DIGITAL LN03 printer rather than using the /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE qualifier. The LN03 printer ignores OVERSTRIKE highlighting.

/KEY=(POSITION=n,SIZE=m)

Searches the records of a file (beginning at the specified position) for the length of the specified size.

You can specify the POSITION keyword value as 1 to 32,767. The first byte in a record is considered position 1.

/LOG

/NOLOG (default)

Outputs a message to the current SYS$OUTPUT device for each file searched. The message includes the file name, the number of records, and the number of matches for each file searched.

/MATCH=option

Interprets and matches multiple search strings in one of the following ways:

AND	A match occurs only if the record contains all the strings.
EQV	A match occurs if none or all of the search strings are in the record.
NOR	A match occurs only if the record contains none of the strings.
NAND	A match occurs only if the record does not contain all of the strings.
OR	A match occurs if the record contains any of the strings.
XOR	A match occurs if any of the search strings are in the record but not if all or none of them are in the record.

When only one search string is specified, the OR and AND options produce identical results. Similarly, NOR and NAND produce identical results for a single search string. If you specify none of these options, the default is /MATCH=OR.

/MODIFIED

Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to the dates on which they were last modified. This qualifier is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.

/NUMBERS

/NONUMBERS (default)

Controls whether the source line number is displayed at the left margin of each line in the output.

/OUTPUT[=filespec]

/NOOUTPUT

Controls whether the results of the search are output to a specified file. The output is sent to the current default output device (SYS$OUTPUT) if you omit the /OUTPUT qualifier or omit the file specification with the qualifier. The /NOOUTPUT qualifier means that no matching records are output as a result of the SEARCH command.

/PAGE[=keyword]

/NOPAGE (default)

Controls the display of information on the screen.

You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:

CLEAR_SCREEN Displays information one page at a time.

SCROLL Displays information on a continuous stream.

SAVE[= n] Enables screen navigation of information, where n is the number of pages to store.

The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens of information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens of up to 255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier, you can use the following keys to navigate through the information:

Key Sequence Description

Up arrow key, Ctrl/B Scroll up one line.

Down arrow key Scroll down one line.

Left arrow key Scroll left one column.

Right arrow key Scroll right one column.

Insert Here (E2) Scroll right one half screen.

Remove (E3) Scroll left one half screen.

Select (E4) Toggle 80/132 column mode.

Prev Screen (E5) Get the previous page of information.

Next Screen (E6), Return, Enter, Space Get the next page of information.

F10, Ctrl/Z Exit. (Some utilities define these differently.)

Help (F15) Display utility help text.

Do (F16) Toggle the display to oldest/newest page.

Ctrl/W Refresh the display.

Key Sequence	Description
Up arrow key, Ctrl/B	Scroll up one line.
Down arrow key	Scroll down one line.
Left arrow key	Scroll left one column.
Right arrow key	Scroll right one column.
Insert Here (E2)	Scroll right one half screen.
Remove (E3)	Scroll left one half screen.
Select (E4)	Toggle 80/132 column mode.
Prev Screen (E5)	Get the previous page of information.
Next Screen (E6), Return, Enter, Space	Get the next page of information.
F10, Ctrl/Z	Exit. (Some utilities define these differently.)
Help (F15)	Display utility help text.
Do (F16)	Toggle the display to oldest/newest page.
Ctrl/W	Refresh the display.

The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.

/REMAINING

/NOREMAINING (default)

Includes in the output all records from the first matched record to the end of the file. This qualifier overrides the value n2 in the /WINDOW qualifier, but allows the qualifier /WINDOW=n1.

/SINCE[=time]

Selects only those files dated after the specified time. You can specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.

For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).

/STATISTICS

/NOSTATISTICS (default)

Controls whether the following statistics about the search are displayed:

Number of files searched
Number of records searched
Number of characters searched
Number of records matched
Number of lines printed
Buffered I/O count
Direct I/O count
Number of page faults
Elapsed CPU time
Elapsed time

/STYLE=keyword

Specifies the file name format for display purposes.

The valid keywords for this qualifier are CONDENSED and EXPANDED. Descriptions are as follows:

Keyword Explanation

CONDENSED (default) Displays the file name representation of what is generated to fit into a 255-length character string. This file name may contain a DID or FID abbreviation in the file specification.

EXPANDED Displays the file name representation of what is stored on disk. This file name does not contain any DID or FID abbreviations.

Keyword	Explanation
CONDENSED (default)	Displays the file name representation of what is generated to fit into a 255-length character string. This file name may contain a DID or FID abbreviation in the file specification.
EXPANDED	Displays the file name representation of what is stored on disk. This file name does not contain any DID or FID abbreviations.

The keywords CONDENSED and EXPANDED are mutually exclusive. This qualifier specifies which file name format is displayed in the output message, along with the confirmation if requested.

File errors are displayed with the CONDENSED file specification unless the EXPANDED keyword is specified.

Refer to the OpenVMS Guide to Extended File Specifications for more information.

/WARNINGS (default)

/NOWARNINGS

Allows or disallows the following messages to be displayed when search operations are performed:

NOMATCHES
TRUNCATE
NULLFILE

/WINDOW[=(n1,n2)]

/NOWINDOW (default)

Specifies the number of lines to be displayed with the search string.

If you specify n1 and n2, the /WINDOW qualifier displays n1 lines above the search string, the search string, and n2 lines below the search string. Either of these numbers can be zero.

If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier without the values n1 and n2, two lines above the search string, the search string, and the two lines below the search string are included in the output.

If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier with a single number (n1), n1 specifies the number of lines to display including the search string. Half the lines precede the matched search string and half follow it. (If n1 is even, one line is added to the lines following the matched search string.)

For example, if you specify /WINDOW=10, nine additional lines are listed along with the line containing the search string. Four lines are listed above the line containing the search string and five lines are listed below it, for a total of 10 lines.

If you specify /WINDOW=0, the file name of each file containing a match (but no records) is included in the output. This specification creates a file (using the /OUTPUT qualifier) that can be inserted into a command file to manipulate the files containing matches.

If you omit the /WINDOW qualifier, only the line containing a match is displayed.

The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 30 asterisks to separate each window within a file.

/WRAP

/NOWRAP (default)

Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns to the width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond the width of the screen to the next line.

The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the screen and can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and right) features provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.

Examples

#1
$ SEARCH CABLE.MEM,JOYNER.MEM "MANUAL TITLE"

This command searches the files CABLE.MEM and JOYNER.MEM for occurrences of the character string MANUAL TITLE. Each line containing the string is displayed at the terminal. It is necessary to enclose the string in quotation marks because it contains a space character.

#2
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=RESULTS.DAT/WINDOW=9 DISLIST.MEM NAME

The SEARCH command searches the file DISLIST.MEM for occurrences of the character string NAME and sends the output to the file RESULTS.DAT. The four lines preceding and following each occurrence of NAME are included in the output.

#3
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=ALLSUB.COM/WINDOW=5000 *.COM SUBMIT

The SEARCH command searches all command files in the current directory for the string SUBMIT. If a match is found, SEARCH effectively copies the entire command file to the output file, because the window is so large.

#4
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=COLUMBUS.OH/WINDOW=(3,0)/NOHEAD/MATCH=AND - _$ *.DAT COLUMBUS,OH

The SEARCH command searches all files of type DAT for lines containing both COLUMBUS and OH. When a match is found, the three previous lines (containing blank line, name, and street address) are copied to the new file. The new file COLUMBUS.OH is ready to use, because it does not contain headings and window separators.

#5
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=SWAP.LIS/FORMAT=PASSALL/NUMBERS/EXACT - _$ /WINDOW=10000 SWAP.PAS SWAP

This SEARCH command produces a listing file with the line numbers at the left margin. The /FORMAT=PASSALL qualifier is specified so that form-feed characters in the source are passed through. The /EXACT qualifier is specified for efficiency (because it is known that the name SWAP in the program statement is always in uppercase). The /WINDOW qualifier is entered so that the entire file is copied to the output file SWAP.LIS.

#6
$ SEARCH/REMAINING CABLE.LOG FORTRAN

The SEARCH command displays all the lines in the CABLE.LOG file that follow the first occurrence of the string FORTRAN.

#7
$ SEARCH OMAHA::DISK1:[EXP]SUB.DAT,DATA.LIS VAX

The SEARCH command searches through the files SUB.DAT and DATA.LIS at remote node OMAHA for all occurrences of the string VAX. The list of all records containing the string VAX is displayed at the local terminal.

SET

Defines or changes, for the current terminal session or batch job, characteristics associated with files and devices owned by the process.

Format

SET option

Description

The SET command options are described individually in this manual. Table DCLII-16 lists all the SET command options, including those generally reserved for use by system operators and managers.

Table DCLII-16 SET Command Options
Option Function

ACCOUNTING Controls the current accounting file.

AUDIT Provides the management interface to the security auditing system.

BROADCAST Determines which messages will be broadcast to SYS$OUTPUT.

CARD_READER Defines the default ASCII translation mode for a card reader.

CLUSTER/EXPECTED_VOTES Sets the total expected votes in the OpenVMS Cluster to a value that you specify or, if no value is specified, sets the total votes to a value determined by the system

COMMAND Adds commands that are defined in a command description file to your process command set or a command tables file.

CONTROL Enables or disables interrupts caused by Ctrl/T or Ctrl/Y.

CPU Changes the user capabilities associated with the specified CPUs.

DAY Overrides the default day type specified in the user authorization file (UAF).

DEFAULT Establishes a device and directory as the current default for file specifications.

DEVICE Defines device characteristics.

DEVICE/SERVED Lets you make a disk on a local node available to all the nodes on an OpenVMS Cluster.

DIRECTORY Modifies the characteristics of one or more directories.

DISPLAY Redirects the output of a DECwindows application.

ENTRY Changes the current status or attributes of a job not currently executing in a queue.

FILE Modifies the characteristics of one or more files.

HOST Connects your terminal to a remote VAX processor by way of the current host processor.

HOST/DTE Connects your system to a remote system by way of an outgoing terminal line.

HOST/DUP Connects your terminal to a storage controller through the appropriate bus for that controller.

HOST/HSC Connects your terminal to a remote HSC50 disk and tape controller through the computer interconnect (CI) bus.

HOST/LAT Connects your terminal to a specified service available in the local area network (LAN), establishing one session for communication between your terminal and that service.

HOST/RLOGIN Allows you to log in to a remote host over a TCP/IP connection and start an interactive terminal session by accessing the RLOGIN application.

HOST/TELNET Connects you to a remote host over a TCP/IP connection by invoking the TELNET application.

HOST/TN3270 Connects you to a remote IBM host over a TCP/IP connection, causing the local keyboard to emulate an IBM 3279-class terminal keyboard by invoking the TN3270 terminal emulator.

KEY Changes the current keypad state setting.

LOGINS Allows or disallows users to log in to the system.

MAGTAPE Defines characteristics of a magnetic tape device.

MESSAGE Overrides or supplements system messages.

NETWORK Registers the attributes of a network service.

ON Controls whether the command interpreter checks for an error condition following the execution of commands in a command procedure.

OUTPUT_RATE Sets the rate at which output is written to a batch job log file.

PASSWORD Lets users change their own passwords; lets system managers change the system password.

PREFIX Allows you to set a prefix control string for verified command lines.

PRINTER Defines printer characteristics.

PROCESS Defines execution characteristics of the current process.

PROMPT Defines the DCL prompt.

PROTECTION/DEFAULT Establishes the default protection to be applied to all files subsequently created.

QUEUE Changes the current status or attributes of the specified queue.

RESTART_VALUE Establishes a test value for restarting portions of batch jobs.

RIGHTS_LIST Lets users modify the process rights list; lets privileged users modify the system rights list.

RMS_DEFAULT Provides default multiblock and multibuffer count values to be used by RMS for file operations.

SECURITY Modifies the security profile of an object.

SERVER Controls starting, stopping, and restarting of the security server. The security server maintains information stored in the system intrusion and proxy databases.

SYMBOL Controls access to local and global symbols in command procedures.

TERMINAL Defines terminal characteristics.

TIME Resets the system clock to the specified value.

VERIFY Controls whether the command interpreter displays lines in command procedures as it executes them.

VOLUME Modifies the characteristics of one or more Files-11 volumes.

WORKING_SET Changes the current working set limit or quota.

**Table DCLII-16 SET Command Options**
Option	Function
ACCOUNTING	Controls the current accounting file.
AUDIT	Provides the management interface to the security auditing system.
BROADCAST	Determines which messages will be broadcast to SYS$OUTPUT.
CARD_READER	Defines the default ASCII translation mode for a card reader.
CLUSTER/EXPECTED_VOTES	Sets the total expected votes in the OpenVMS Cluster to a value that you specify or, if no value is specified, sets the total votes to a value determined by the system
COMMAND	Adds commands that are defined in a command description file to your process command set or a command tables file.
CONTROL	Enables or disables interrupts caused by Ctrl/T or Ctrl/Y.
CPU	Changes the user capabilities associated with the specified CPUs.
DAY	Overrides the default day type specified in the user authorization file (UAF).
DEFAULT	Establishes a device and directory as the current default for file specifications.
DEVICE	Defines device characteristics.
DEVICE/SERVED	Lets you make a disk on a local node available to all the nodes on an OpenVMS Cluster.
DIRECTORY	Modifies the characteristics of one or more directories.
DISPLAY	Redirects the output of a DECwindows application.
ENTRY	Changes the current status or attributes of a job not currently executing in a queue.
FILE	Modifies the characteristics of one or more files.
HOST	Connects your terminal to a remote VAX processor by way of the current host processor.
HOST/DTE	Connects your system to a remote system by way of an outgoing terminal line.
HOST/DUP	Connects your terminal to a storage controller through the appropriate bus for that controller.
HOST/HSC	Connects your terminal to a remote HSC50 disk and tape controller through the computer interconnect (CI) bus.
HOST/LAT	Connects your terminal to a specified service available in the local area network (LAN), establishing one session for communication between your terminal and that service.
HOST/RLOGIN	Allows you to log in to a remote host over a TCP/IP connection and start an interactive terminal session by accessing the RLOGIN application.
HOST/TELNET	Connects you to a remote host over a TCP/IP connection by invoking the TELNET application.
HOST/TN3270	Connects you to a remote IBM host over a TCP/IP connection, causing the local keyboard to emulate an IBM 3279-class terminal keyboard by invoking the TN3270 terminal emulator.
KEY	Changes the current keypad state setting.
LOGINS	Allows or disallows users to log in to the system.
MAGTAPE	Defines characteristics of a magnetic tape device.
MESSAGE	Overrides or supplements system messages.
NETWORK	Registers the attributes of a network service.
ON	Controls whether the command interpreter checks for an error condition following the execution of commands in a command procedure.
OUTPUT_RATE	Sets the rate at which output is written to a batch job log file.
PASSWORD	Lets users change their own passwords; lets system managers change the system password.
PREFIX	Allows you to set a prefix control string for verified command lines.
PRINTER	Defines printer characteristics.
PROCESS	Defines execution characteristics of the current process.
PROMPT	Defines the DCL prompt.
PROTECTION/DEFAULT	Establishes the default protection to be applied to all files subsequently created.
QUEUE	Changes the current status or attributes of the specified queue.
RESTART_VALUE	Establishes a test value for restarting portions of batch jobs.
RIGHTS_LIST	Lets users modify the process rights list; lets privileged users modify the system rights list.
RMS_DEFAULT	Provides default multiblock and multibuffer count values to be used by RMS for file operations.
SECURITY	Modifies the security profile of an object.
SERVER	Controls starting, stopping, and restarting of the security server. The security server maintains information stored in the system intrusion and proxy databases.
SYMBOL	Controls access to local and global symbols in command procedures.
TERMINAL	Defines terminal characteristics.
TIME	Resets the system clock to the specified value.
VERIFY	Controls whether the command interpreter displays lines in command procedures as it executes them.
VOLUME	Modifies the characteristics of one or more Files-11 volumes.
WORKING_SET	Changes the current working set limit or quota.

SET ACCOUNTING

Controls the current accounting file.
Requires OPER (operator) privilege.

Format

SET ACCOUNTING

Parameters

None.

Description

Each node on your system has its own current accounting file. You can control what resources this file tracks, and start up a new version of this file using the SET ACCOUNTING command.
There are two occasions when the resources used by a process are not tracked, despite the SET ACCOUNTING command:

When you use the RUN (Process) command with the /NOACCOUNTING qualifier.
When you use the $CREPRC system service with the PRC$M_NOACNT status flag.

Similarly, there is one occasion when the resources used by an image are always tracked, despite the SET ACCOUNTING command:

When you install an image using the /ACCOUNTING qualifier of the Install utility.

For more information on how to use the SET ACCOUNTING command see the OpenVMS System Manager's Manual.

Qualifiers

/DISABLE[=(keyword[,...])]
Prevents the tracking of the resources specified by the keywords.
Table DCLII-17 lists the keywords you can use to specify the type of resource.

Table DCLII-17 SET ACCOUNTING Keywords for Resource Types
Keyword Type of Resource

IMAGE Resources used by an image

LOGIN_FAILURE Resources used by an unsuccessful attempt to log in

MESSAGE Unformatted record written to the accounting file by a call to the $SNDJBC system service

PRINT Resources used by a print job

PROCESS Resources used by a process

You do not need to stop the tracking of all processes and images. You can prevent resources being tracked for specific types of process and for images running in these types of process.
Table DCLII-18 lists the keywords you can use to specify the type of process.

Table DCLII-18 SET ACCOUNTING Keywords for Process Types
Keyword Type of Process

BATCH Batch process

DETACHED Detached process

INTERACTIVE Interactive process

NETWORK Network process

SUBPROCESS Subprocess (the parent process can be a batch, detached, network, or interactive process)

If the system is no longer tracking any resources, /DISABLE closes the current accounting file.
If you use the /DISABLE qualifier and omit the keywords, the current accounting file does not track any resources, and the system closes the file.
/ENABLE[=(keyword[,...])]
Enables the tracking of the specified resources, and opens the current accounting file if it is not already open. The /ENABLE qualifier uses the same keywords as the /DISABLE qualifier.
Use the keywords shown in Table DCLII-17 to specify the types of resource that you want the local node to track in its current accounting file.
If the resources used by processes or images are being tracked, you can use the keywords shown in Table DCLII-18 to enable the tracking of these resources for specified types of process and for images running in those types of process.
If you use the /ENABLE qualifier and omit the keywords, the current accounting file tracks all resources.
/LOG
Writes information to the current SYS$OUTPUT device as the command executes.
/NEW_FILE
Closes the current accounting file, and starts up a new version of it.
The name of the new file depends on whether the logical name ACCOUNTNG is defined in your system logical name table.
If this logical name is not defined, the SET ACCOUNTING command opens the file SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTNG.DAT.
If this logical name is defined, the command opens the file that this logical name points to. If you omit the directory, SYS$MANAGER is the default, and if you omit the file type, .DAT is the default.
The /NEW_FILE qualifier writes a file forward link record to the old file, and a file backward link record to the new file. These records contain the names of the old and new files respectively.

**Table DCLII-17 SET ACCOUNTING Keywords for Resource Types**
Keyword	Type of Resource
IMAGE	Resources used by an image
LOGIN_FAILURE	Resources used by an unsuccessful attempt to log in
MESSAGE	Unformatted record written to the accounting file by a call to the $SNDJBC system service
PRINT	Resources used by a print job
PROCESS	Resources used by a process

**Table DCLII-18 SET ACCOUNTING Keywords for Process Types**
Keyword	Type of Process
BATCH	Batch process
DETACHED	Detached process
INTERACTIVE	Interactive process
NETWORK	Network process
SUBPROCESS	Subprocess (the parent process can be a batch, detached, network, or interactive process)

Examples

#1
$ SET ACCOUNTING /DISABLE /ENABLE=(PROCESS,BATCH,INTERACTIVE) $ SET ACCOUNTING /ENABLE=IMAGE

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CLEAR_SCREEN	Displays information one page at a time.
SCROLL	Displays information on a continuous stream.
SAVE[= n]	Enables screen navigation of information, where n is the number of pages to store.