OpenVMS RTL Library (LIB$) Manual

Document revision date: 19 July 1999

OpenVMS RTL Library (LIB$) Manual

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This Pascal program demonstrates how to call LIB$SHOW_TIMER. The output generated by this Pascal example is as follows:

$ RUN SHOW_TIMER Spend time to acquire elapsed real time and page faults User argument is 5 ELAPSED: 0 00:00:00.44 CPU: 0:00:00.04 BUFIO: 1 DIRIO: 0 FAULTS: 18

LIB$SHOW_VM

The Show Virtual Memory Statistics routine returns the statistics accumulated from calls to LIB$GET_VM/LIB$FREE_VM and LIB$GET_VM_PAGE/LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE.

Note
No support for arguments passed by 64-bit address reference or for use of 64-bit descriptors, if applicable, is planned for this routine.

Format

LIB$SHOW_VM [code] [,user-action-procedure] [,user-specified-argument]

RETURNS

OpenVMS usage: cond_value

type: longword (unsigned)

access: write only

mechanism: by value

Arguments

code

OpenVMS usage: longword_signed

type: longword integer (signed)

access: read only

mechanism: by reference

Code specifying any one of the statistics to be written to SYS$OUTPUT or passed to an action routine for processing. The code argument is the address of a signed longword integer containing the statistic code. This is an optional argument. If the statistic code is omitted or is zero, statistics for values 1, 2, and 3 are returned on one line.
The following values are allowed for the code argument:

Value Statistic

0 Statistics for values 1, 2, and 3 are returned.

1 Number of successful calls to LIB$GET_VM.

2 Number of successful calls to LIB$FREE_VM.

3 Number of bytes allocated by LIB$GET_VM but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM.

4 Statistics for values 5, 6, and 7 are returned.

5 Number of calls to LIB$GET_VM_PAGE.

6 Number of calls to LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE.

7 Number of VAX pages or Alpha pagelets allocated by LIB$GET_VM_PAGE but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE.

user-action-procedure

OpenVMS usage: procedure

type: procedure value

access: function call (before return)

mechanism: by value

User-supplied action routine called by LIB$SHOW_VM. By default, LIB$SHOW_VM returns statistics to SYS$OUTPUT. An action routine is useful when you want to return statistics to a file or, in general, to any place other than SYS$OUTPUT. The routine returns either a success or failure condition value, which will be returned as the value of LIB$SHOW_VM.
For more information on the action routine, see Call Format for an Action Routine in the Description section.
user-specified-argument

OpenVMS usage: user_arg

type: longword (unsigned)

access: read only

mechanism: by value

A 32-bit value to be passed directly to the action routine without interpretation. That is, the contents of the argument list entry user-specified-argument are copied to the argument list entry for user-action-procedure.

Value	Statistic
0	Statistics for values 1, 2, and 3 are returned.
1	Number of successful calls to LIB$GET_VM.
2	Number of successful calls to LIB$FREE_VM.
3	Number of bytes allocated by LIB$GET_VM but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM.
4	Statistics for values 5, 6, and 7 are returned.
5	Number of calls to LIB$GET_VM_PAGE.
6	Number of calls to LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE.
7	Number of VAX pages or Alpha pagelets allocated by LIB$GET_VM_PAGE but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE.

Description

LIB$SHOW_VM returns the statistics accumulated from calls to LIB$GET_VM/LIB$FREE_VM and LIB$GET_VM_PAGE/LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE. By default, with neither code nor user-action-procedure specified in the call, LIB$SHOW_VM writes a line giving the following information to SYS$OUTPUT:
mmm calls to LIB$GET_VM, nnn calls to LIB$FREE_VM, ppp bytes still allocated
Optionally, any one of six statistics can be output to SYS$OUTPUT and/or the line of information can be passed to a user-specified "action routine" for processing different from the default.
Call Format for an Action Routine

The action routine is a user-supplied routine that LIB$SHOW_VM calls if you specify the user-action-procedure argument in the call to LIB$SHOW_VM.
The call format for an action routine is:
user-action-procedure resultant-string ,user-specified-argument
resultant-string

OpenVMS usage: char_string

type: character string

access: write only

mechanism: by descriptor

Statistics supplied by LIB$SHOW_VM. The resultant-string argument is the address of a descriptor pointing to an address into which LIB$SHOW_VM writes the statistics. The string is formatted exactly as it would be if written to SYS$OUTPUT. The first character is a blank; carriage-return/line-feed combinations are not included.
user-specified-argument

OpenVMS usage: user_arg

type: longword (unsigned)

access: read only

mechanism: by value

The 32-bit value passed to LIB$SHOW_VM is passed to the action routine without interpretation. If the user-specified-argument argument is omitted in the call to LIB$SHOW_VM, a zero is passed by value to the user routine.

Condition Values Returned

SS$_NORMAL Routine successfully completed.

LIB$_INVARG Invalid arguments. This can be caused by an invalid value for code.

Any condition values returned by LIB$PUT_OUTPUT or your action routine.

LIB$SHOW_VM_64 (Alpha Only)

The Show Virtual Memory Statistics routine returns the statistics accumulated from calls to LIB$GET_VM_64/LIB$FREE_VM_64 and LIB$GET_VM_PAGE_64/LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE_64.

Format

LIB$SHOW_VM_64 [code] [,user-action-procedure] [,user-specified-argument]

RETURNS

OpenVMS usage: cond_value

type: longword (unsigned)

access: write only

mechanism: by value

Arguments

code

OpenVMS usage: quadword_signed

type: quadword integer (signed)

access: read only

mechanism: by reference

Code specifying any one of the statistics to be written to SYS$OUTPUT or passed to an action routine for processing. The code argument is the address of a signed quadword integer containing the statistic code. This is an optional argument. If the statistic code is omitted or is zero, statistics for values 1, 2, and 3 are returned on one line.
The following values are allowed for the code argument:

Value Statistic

0 Statistics for values 1, 2, and 3 are returned.

1 Number of successful calls to LIB$GET_VM_64.

2 Number of successful calls to LIB$FREE_VM_64.

3 Number of bytes allocated by LIB$GET_VM_64 but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM_64.

4 Statistics for values 5, 6, and 7 are returned.

5 Number of calls to LIB$GET_VM_PAGE_64.

6 Number of calls to LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE_64.

7 Number of Alpha pagelets allocated by LIB$GET_VM_PAGE_64 but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE_64.

user-action-procedure

OpenVMS usage: procedure

type: procedure value

access: function call (before return)

mechanism: by value

User-supplied action routine called by LIB$SHOW_VM_64. By default, LIB$SHOW_VM_64 returns statistics to SYS$OUTPUT. An action routine is useful when you want to return statistics to a file or, in general, to any place other than SYS$OUTPUT. The routine returns either a success or failure condition value, which will be returned as the value of LIB$SHOW_VM_64.
For more information on the action routine, see Call Format for an Action Routine in the Description section.
user-specified-argument

OpenVMS usage: user_arg

type: quadword (unsigned)

access: read only

mechanism: by value

A 64-bit value to be passed directly to the action routine without interpretation. That is, the contents of the argument list entry user-specified-argument are copied to the argument list entry for user-action-procedure.

Value	Statistic
0	Statistics for values 1, 2, and 3 are returned.
1	Number of successful calls to LIB$GET_VM_64.
2	Number of successful calls to LIB$FREE_VM_64.
3	Number of bytes allocated by LIB$GET_VM_64 but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM_64.
4	Statistics for values 5, 6, and 7 are returned.
5	Number of calls to LIB$GET_VM_PAGE_64.
6	Number of calls to LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE_64.
7	Number of Alpha pagelets allocated by LIB$GET_VM_PAGE_64 but not yet deallocated by LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE_64.

Description

LIB$SHOW_VM_64 returns the statistics accumulated from calls to LIB$GET_VM_64/LIB$FREE_VM_64 and LIB$GET_VM_PAGE_64/LIB$FREE_VM_PAGE_64. By default, with neither code nor user-action-procedure specified in the call, LIB$SHOW_VM_64 writes a line giving the following information to SYS$OUTPUT:
mmm calls to LIB$GET_VM_64, nnn calls to LIB$FREE_VM_64, ppp bytes still allocated
Optionally, any one of six statistics can be output to SYS$OUTPUT and/or the line of information can be passed to a user-specified "action routine" for processing different from the default.
Call Format for an Action Routine

The action routine is a user-supplied routine that LIB$SHOW_VM_64 calls if you specify the user-action-procedure argument in the call to LIB$SHOW_VM_64.
The call format for an action routine is:
user-action-procedure resultant-string ,user-specified-argument
resultant-string

OpenVMS usage: char_string

type: character string

access: write only

mechanism: by descriptor

Statistics supplied by LIB$SHOW_VM_64. The resultant-string argument is the address of a descriptor pointing to an address into which LIB$SHOW_VM_64 writes the statistics. The string is formatted exactly as it would be if written to SYS$OUTPUT. The first character is a blank; carriage-return/line-feed combinations are not included.
user-specified-argument

OpenVMS usage: user_arg

type: quadword (unsigned)

access: read only

mechanism: by value

The 64-bit value passed to LIB$SHOW_VM_64 is passed to the action routine without interpretation. If the user-specified-argument argument is omitted in the call to LIB$SHOW_VM_64, a zero is passed by value to the user routine.

Condition Values Returned

SS$_NORMAL Routine successfully completed.

LIB$_INVARG Invalid arguments. This can be caused by an invalid value for code.

Any condition values returned by LIB$PUT_OUTPUT or your action routine.

LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE

The Return Information About a Zone routine returns formatted information about a zone in the 32-bit virtual address space, detailing such information as the zone's name, characteristics, and areas, and then passes the information to the specified or default action routine.

Note
No support for arguments passed by 64-bit address reference or for use of 64-bit descriptors, if applicable, is planned for this routine.

Format

LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE zone-id [,detail-level] [,user-action-procedure] [,user-arg]

RETURNS

OpenVMS usage: cond_value

type: longword (unsigned)

access: write only

mechanism: by value

Arguments

zone-id

OpenVMS usage: identifier

type: longword (unsigned)

access: read only

mechanism: by reference

Zone identifier. The zone-id argument is the address of an unsigned longword containing this identifier. Use zero to indicate the 32-bit default zone.
detail-level

OpenVMS usage: longword_signed

type: longword (signed)

access: read only

mechanism: by reference

An identifier code specifying the level of detail required by the user. The detail-level argument is the address of a signed longword containing this code. The default is minimal information. The following are valid values for detail-level:

0 zone-id and name

1 zone-id, name, algorithm, flags, and size information

2 zone-id, name, algorithm, flags, size information, cache information, and area summary

3 zone-id, name, algorithm, flags, size information, cache information, area summary, and queue validation

user-action-procedure

OpenVMS usage: procedure

type: procedure value

access: function call (before return)

mechanism: by value

Optional user-supplied action routine called by LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE. By default, LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE prints statistics to SYS$OUTPUT by means of LIB$PUT_OUTPUT. An action routine is useful when you want to return statistics to a file or, in general, to any location other than SYS$OUTPUT. If user-action-procedure fails, LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE terminates and returns a failure code. Success codes are ignored.
For more information on the action routine, see the Description section.
user-arg

OpenVMS usage: user_arg

type: longword (unsigned)

access: read only

mechanism: by value

Optional 32-bit value to be passed directly to the action routine without interpretation. That is, the contents of the argument list entry user-arg are copied to the argument list entry for user-action-procedure.

Description

LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE returns formatted information about the specified zone and passes it to the action routine. The detail-level argument determines the degree of detail of the zone information returned, and this information is formatted into a readable display and passed to either a user action routine or to LIB$PUT_OUTPUT.
The action routine is a user-supplied routine that LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE calls if you specify the action-routine argument in the call to LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE. If you do not specify action-routine, the information is passed to LIB$PUT_OUTPUT for output to SYS$OUTPUT. The call format for an action routine is as follows:
action-routine string, user-arg

Arguments

string

OpenVMS usage: char_string

type: character string

access: write only

mechanism: by descriptor

Information supplied by LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE. The string argument is the address of a descriptor pointing to an address into which LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE writes the requested information. The string is formatted exactly as it would be if written to SYS$OUTPUT.
user-arg

OpenVMS usage: user_arg

type: longword (unsigned)

access: read only

mechanism: by value

The 32-bit value passed to LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE is passed to the action routine without interpretation. If the user-arg argument is omitted in the call to LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE, a zero is passed by value to the user routine.

If no zone-id is specified (0 is passed), the 32-bit default zone is used.

You must ensure that you have exclusive access to the zone while information is being displayed. Results are unpredictable and may be inconsistent if another thread of control modifies the zone while this routine is displaying data or scanning control blocks.

While scanning the queues and free lists, this routine may detect errors.

If the lookaside list summary discovers a block improperly linked into the list so that the list appears disjointed, the count of the number of blocks of that particular size will be displayed as asterisks.

Table lib-7 lists error and warning messages that can be displayed during the lookaside list and area free list scans. The format is:

**** ERROR -- error description **** **** WARNING -- warning description ****

Table lib-7 LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE Error and Warning Messages
Error Message Description

Invalid block size The size of the block is either not large enough to contain the necessary queue links or is unreasonably large. The size field has been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.

Block not owned by zone The current block is not within a section of the virtual address space controlled by this zone. It is possibly attempting to free a block not originally allocated from this zone.

Block extends past the end of area; truncated The end of the block is not in the area from which the block has been allocated. The size field may have been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.

Block extends into "unallocated" block, truncated The end of the block extends past the allocated section of the area. The size field may have been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.

Current block not completely accessible The current block extends into a nonexistent part of the virtual address space. The size field may have been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.

Back link does not return to previous block The back link in a doubly linked list does not point to the previous block.

Forward link does not point to valid address The forward link of current block points to a location that is not in the virtual address space.

Free-fill mismatch One of the locations filled when the block was freed has been modified.

Boundary tag mismatch One of the boundary tags of the block is not valid.

Warning Description

Forward link of current block may not be valid The back link of the block pointed to by the forward link of the current block does not point to the current block.

Block at nnnnnnnn is not accessible The block at location nnnnnnnn could not be accessed and cannot be dumped.

Block truncated to nnnnnnnn bytes to prevent ACCVIO The block to be dumped extends into the inaccessible part of the address space. The size of the block is reduced so that the block to be dumped fits within the accessible addresses.

**Table lib-7 LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE Error and Warning Messages**
Error Message	Description
Invalid block size	The size of the block is either not large enough to contain the necessary queue links or is unreasonably large. The size field has been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.
Block not owned by zone	The current block is not within a section of the virtual address space controlled by this zone. It is possibly attempting to free a block not originally allocated from this zone.
Block extends past the end of area; truncated	The end of the block is not in the area from which the block has been allocated. The size field may have been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.
Block extends into "unallocated" block, truncated	The end of the block extends past the allocated section of the area. The size field may have been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.
Current block not completely accessible	The current block extends into a nonexistent part of the virtual address space. The size field may have been corrupted. Therefore, the size of the block is reduced so the block to be dumped fits within the area.
Back link does not return to previous block	The back link in a doubly linked list does not point to the previous block.
Forward link does not point to valid address	The forward link of current block points to a location that is not in the virtual address space.
Free-fill mismatch	One of the locations filled when the block was freed has been modified.
Boundary tag mismatch	One of the boundary tags of the block is not valid.
Warning	Description
Forward link of current block may not be valid	The back link of the block pointed to by the forward link of the current block does not point to the current block.
Block at nnnnnnnn is not accessible	The block at location nnnnnnnn could not be accessed and cannot be dumped.
Block truncated to nnnnnnnn bytes to prevent ACCVIO	The block to be dumped extends into the inaccessible part of the address space. The size of the block is reduced so that the block to be dumped fits within the accessible addresses.

When a block forward link is suspected of pointing to an invalid next block, the information from the next block is replaced by asterisks. The following is a sample error display:

**** ERROR -- forward-link does not point to valid address **** Link Analysis for Current Block: Previous Current Next -------- -------- -------- Block adr : 0014B270 0014C200 6B6E754A Forw link (abs): 0014C200 6B6E754A ******** Block size = 32 Block contents: 00000000 00000000 6B6E754A 00000020 ...Junk........ 00000 0014C200 0014B270 00000008 00000000 00000000 ............p².. 00010 0014C210

Condition Values Returned

SS$_NORMAL Routine successfully completed.

LIB$_BADZONE Invalid zone. Routine was called with a zone-id that does not represent a valid VM zone.

LIB$_INSVIRMEM Insufficient virtual memory.

LIB$_INVARG Invalid argument.

LIB$_INVOPEZON Invalid operation for zone; invalid use of unspecified user zone action routine.

LIB$_NOTFOU Could not find another VM zone (alternate success status).

LIB$_WRONUMARG Wrong number of arguments.

Any condition value returned by the user-formatted output action routine or LIB$PUT_OUTPUT.

Examples

#1
#include <lib$routines.h> main() { long zone_id = 0; long detail_level = 1; LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE(&zone_id, &detail_level); }

An example of the output generated by this C program using detail-level 1 is as follows:

Zone Id = 7FB96160, Zone name = "DEFAULT_ZONE" Algorithm = LIB$K_VM_FIRST_FIT Flags = 00000020 LIB$M_VM_EXTEND_AREA Initial size = 124 pages Current size = 0 pages in 0 areas Extend size = 128 pages Page limit = None Requests are rounded up to a multiple of 8 bytes, naturally aligned on 8 byte boundaries 0 bytes have been freed and not yet reallocated 72 bytes are used for zone and area control blocks, or 100.0% overhead

#include <descrip.h> 
#include <libvmdef.h> 
#include <lib$routines.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
 
 
main() 
{ 
    long zone_id; 
    long algorithm = LIB$K_VM_QUICK_FIT; 
    long algorithm_arg = 16; 
    long flags = LIB$M_VM_FREE_FILL0 | LIB$M_VM_EXTEND_AREA; 
    long detail_level = 3; 
    $DESCRIPTOR(zone_name, "Mix of lookaside list and area blocks"); 
    int i; 
#define NUM_BLOCKS 250 
    char *blocks[NUM_BLOCKS]; 
    long sizes[NUM_BLOCKS]; 
 
    LIB$CREATE_VM_ZONE(&zone_id, &algorithm, &algorithm_arg, &flags, 
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   /* Omitted arguments */ 
        &zone_name, 0, 0); 
 
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_BLOCKS; i++) 
        { 
        sizes[i] = rand() % 300 + 9; 
        LIB$GET_VM(&sizes[i], &blocks[i], &zone_id); 
        } 
 
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_BLOCKS; i++) 
        LIB$FREE_VM(&sizes[i], &blocks[i], &zone_id); 
 
    LIB$SHOW_VM_ZONE(&zone_id, &detail_level); 
} 
 



 

  
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OpenVMS usage:	cond_value
type:	longword (unsigned)
access:	write only
mechanism:	by value

OpenVMS usage:	longword_signed
type:	longword integer (signed)
access:	read only
mechanism:	by reference

OpenVMS usage:	procedure
type:	procedure value
access:	function call (before return)
mechanism:	by value

OpenVMS usage:	user_arg
type:	longword (unsigned)
access:	read only
mechanism:	by value

OpenVMS usage:	char_string
type:	character string
access:	write only
mechanism:	by descriptor

SS$_NORMAL	Routine successfully completed.
LIB$_INVARG	Invalid arguments. This can be caused by an invalid value for code.

OpenVMS usage:	quadword_signed
type:	quadword integer (signed)
access:	read only
mechanism:	by reference

OpenVMS usage:	identifier
type:	longword (unsigned)
access:	read only
mechanism:	by reference

0	zone-id and name
1	zone-id, name, algorithm, flags, and size information
2	zone-id, name, algorithm, flags, size information, cache information, and area summary
3	zone-id, name, algorithm, flags, size information, cache information, area summary, and queue validation

SS$_NORMAL	Routine successfully completed.
LIB$_BADZONE	Invalid zone. Routine was called with a zone-id that does not represent a valid VM zone.
LIB$_INSVIRMEM	Insufficient virtual memory.
LIB$_INVARG	Invalid argument.
LIB$_INVOPEZON	Invalid operation for zone; invalid use of unspecified user zone action routine.
LIB$_NOTFOU	Could not find another VM zone (alternate success status).
LIB$_WRONUMARG	Wrong number of arguments.