FTP allows you to establish a session with the remote host and enter an unlimited number of commands that copy, display, or manipulate files and directories. The Anonymous FTP feature (See Section 2.3.2) allows you to connect to a remote host without specifying user authentication information. If that feature is not enabled, you must supply user authentication information for a remote host only once: when you first establish the FTP connection with the remote host. FTP allows you to determine or change the working directory on your host and on the remote host, and to perform various other operations on files and directories.

In contrast, RCP is limited to copying files. To copy files, each RCP command that you enter establishes a separate link for each file transfer with the specified remote host. With each RCP command, you must specify the remote host to or from which you want to copy files. As with FTP, RCP has a feature that allows you to connect to remote hosts without specifying user authentication information. However, if that feature is not enabled, you must enter user authentication information with each RCP command, rather than just once (as with FTP) for any number of subsequent commands for a connected host.

1.1.2 Services for Remote Logins

The RLOGIN, TELNET, and TN3270 facilities each allow you to log in to a remote host and enable your terminal to perform as if directly connected to the remote host. Use RLOGIN for simple logins in which you do not require much customization or control of the terminal-to-host interaction. Use TELNET if you want to use its extensive terminal features and controls, or you want to open several terminal sessions with one or more remote hosts. With TELNET's extensive functionality, it can support a wider variety of terminal features and behaviors between disparate, otherwise incompatible, systems.

Use TN3270 to connect your terminal to a remote host that supports IBM 3270 IDS terminals. TN3270 assigns IBM 3270 functions to your DIGITAL keyboard and allows you to redefine keys.

1.1.3 Services for Issuing Commands at a Remote Host

RSH and REXEC allow you to send any commands supported by the remote host operating system. RSH and REXEC issue one command per link. If user authentication is required, you must enter the authentication information with each command. There is no REXEC command. You invoke REXEC when you enter the RSH command with a password (RSH/PASSWORD).

Note that RLOGIN, TELNET, and TN3270 allow you to log in to a remote host once and then perform any number of commands supported by the remote host's operating system. TELNET and TN3270 also allow you to send certain commands to the connected remote host during a terminal session; however, these are a limited range of commands dealing with communication between hosts. They are not operating system commands. For example, you can send a command that aborts output or interrupts execution of a command you entered previously.

1.2 Client/Server Software

The user services include client and server software that communicates between host systems. Your local host includes client software that responds to your commands by requesting the appropriate services from the remote host you specify. If the remote host has the appropriate server software, the server on that host responds with the requested service.

For example, Figure 1-1 shows the interplay between the FTP local client and remote server. The FTP client software requests the FTP server software on Host B to open a connection.

Figure 1-1 FTP Client/Server Software Interacting

1. User MILTON enters an FTP CONNECT command from local host Host A to connect to remote host Host B.
2. The FTP local client sends a connection request to the FTP server on Host B.
3. The remote server grants the request, sending a data connection status message back to the local client.
4. The client displays at user MILTON's terminal the server connection status message and the remote host prompt for login information.

Once the connection is made, user MILTON can then log onto the remote system and use FTP to copy files and perform other related services. Note that both server and client software exist on each system supporting FTP. Thus, a user on Host B could connect to Host A and copy files back and forth from Host B.

1.3 User Commands

The FTP, TELNET, and TN3270 components include a wider variety of commands than do the other user services.

You can start FTP, TELNET, or TN3270 and connect to a remote host interactively in either of two ways:

• Specify the component name followed by a Return. The utility's prompt appears, and you can then enter the CONNECT command. For example, to start FTP and connect to a remote host named FATHM, type:

  $ FTP [RETURN] FTP> CONNECT FATHM . . . FTP>

• Specify the utility name and host name in one line, as in the following example:

  $ FTP FATHM[RETURN] . . . FTP>

In either case, you are prompted for user authentication information. (FTP includes a feature that allows you to connect to a remote host without specifying user authentication information (See Section 2.3.2).) You can also start these utilities by using a command procedure.

Start the Remote (R) and network printer services by specifying the appropriate command, host name, and parameters or qualifiers in one command line. If you specify the service command only (RCP, RSH, RLOGIN, PRINT, LPQ, or LPRM), the service prompts you for the information required for the command. The PRINT command supports remote printing using TCP/IP protocols and supporting the DCL PRINT qualifiers, with a few exceptions and additional features, as explained in Section 6.1.

When you enter the FINGER command without any host or user information, the service displays information about users on your local system. To display information about remote users, you need to specify the remote host name. For more details and options, see Chapter 7.

To start MAIL and then send a message to a user on another internet host, simply start the OpenVMS Mail utility as you normally do, and use the SEND command with the Internet address of the remote host, such as in the following example. The Mail utility will use the SMTP protocol to send the mail. (See Chapter 5 for details about exceptions and alternatives.)

$ MAIL MAIL> send [Return] To: MALCOLM@PHILOS.BU.ORG [Return] Subj: FINAL EXAMS[Return]

1.4 Command Syntax

Use the following rules when you type a command line:

• DCL and UNIX command formats
  Most command descriptions specify both a DCL-style format and a UNIX style format. You can, therefore, type command lines in either format. For example, the following two command lines achieve the same results:

  TELNET> CONNECT BENTLEY TELNET> open bentley

• Keyword abbreviations
  You can abbreviate commands and qualifiers to the fewest number of characters, usually three, that uniquely identifies the keyword. For example, the following two command lines achieve the same results:

  $ RL RENT /USE=BUNNINGS $ RLOGIN RENT /USER_NAME=BUNNINGS

• Quotation marks
  Due to differences in OpenVMS and UNIX syntax, some command lines require quotation marks for selected keywords. These requirements apply to case sensitivity, slashes, and certain special characters (such as &, =, and \).
  UNIX is case sensitive; UNIX host names, user names, and passwords are usually lowercase. All UNIX directory names contain slashes. For the requirements for individual services, see the discussions about quotation marks in Chapter 7 (Finger utility), Chapter 2 (FTP), Chapter 3 (R commands), Chapter 4 (TELNET, TN3270), Chapter 5 (electronic mail (SMTP)), and Chapter 6 (network printing).
• Names and addresses
  Unless otherwise stated, whenever you specify a host on a command line, you can use its host name, a fully qualified domain name, or its IP address. The relative name of a host is a simple name that does not include the fully qualified domain name. That is, it does not include one or more periods (.). For example, the relative host name VENDOR might have a fully qualified domain name such as VENDOR.GOODS.IGCORP.COM. The following two examples show two ways to enter the TELNET command to connect to host VENDOR at IP address 17.22.3.4.

  $ TELNET VENDOR Trying...17.22.3.4 Connected to VENDOR. Escape character is '^]'. UNIX V5 (vendor.goods.igcorp.com) login:

  
  or

  $ TELNET 17.22.3.4 Trying...17.22.3.4 Connected to 17.22.3.4. Escape character is '^]'. UNIX V5 (vendor.goods.igcorp.com) login:

• File and directory names
  When you specify OpenVMS directory names and file names, follow OpenVMS file specification rules, as explained in the OpenVMS documentation. Likewise, when you specify UNIX directory names and file names, follow UNIX file specification rules, as explained in the documentation supplied with the UNIX system.
• Multiple values for parameters
  To specify multiple values for command parameters, such as host names and directories, follow these guidelines:
  • Separate elements with commas.
  • Wildcards are valid.
  • A space between multiple elements is optional.
  
  The following FTP GET command copies the files PROJ1.TXT and GROUP1.TXT, using a comma to separate the file names in the command line:

  FTP> GET PROJ1.TXT, GROUP1.TXT

  
  The following FTP GET command uses the asterisk (*) wildcard to copy all files starting with the letters "PROJ1":

  FTP> GET PROJ1*.*

• Multiple values for qualifiers
  To specify multiple values for qualifiers, enclose them in parentheses as follows:
  /qualifier=(value1,value2,value3 )
  For example, the following LPRM command deletes three jobs from a remote print queue:

  $ LPRM EST_4_1997_Q /ENTRY=(555,556,558)

• Numeric values
  Unless stated otherwise, all values are decimal.
• Brackets and braces
  Command format descriptions in this manual include elements that are enclosed by braces and brackets. You should understand the meaning of the braces and brackets:
  • Braces ( { } ) --- You must specify at least one of the enclosed values. Occasionally, you may need to specify all of the enclosed values (this case is always noted).

    Example 1:
    
    This example shows the format line for the FTP SET DEFAULT command. The choices for the directory specification parameter are enclosed in braces, which means that you must specify one of these values (either an OpenVMS directory name or a UNIX path name).
    FTP> SET DEFAULT /LOCAL
    {vms_directory_name}
    {unix/path/name}

    Example 2:
    
    In this TELNET example, you must specify either CHAR or LINE.
    TELNET> SET MODE {CHAR} {LINE}

  • Brackets ( [ ] ) --- The enclosed values are optional.

    Example 1:
    
    The last two parameters for the TELNET CONNECT command are enclosed in brackets, which means they are optional. In this example, the port can be specified without a terminal type, and the host without a port.
    TELNET> CONNECT host [ port [terminal_type ] ]

    Example 2:
    
    The format of the RSH command shows that all the qualifiers and the remote_command parameter are optional.
    $ RSH host
    [ /EIGHTBIT ]
    [ /ESCAPE_CHARACTER=character ]
    [ /LOG_FILE=file ]
    [ /[NO]LOWERCASE ]
    [ /PASSWORD=password ]
    [ /[NO]SYSERROR ]
    [ /TERMINAL_SPEED=n ]
    [ /TERMINAL_TYPE=type ]
    [ /[NO]TRUNCATE_USER_NAME ]
    [ /USER_NAME=remote_user_name ]
    [ remote_command ]

You can access most of the introductory material in this manual on line by entering:

$ HELP TCPIP_Services

Options under this heading include introductory information about the following TCP/IP services:

$ HELP TCPIP_Services Additional information available: Product_Overview BIND BOOTP DHCP TFTP NTP SNMP NFS SLIP_and_PPP Management_Tools UNIX_Commands Routing Command_Syntax NSLOOKUP Programming_Interfaces Finger FTP SMTP POP LPR_LPD Remote_Commands TELNET RPCGEN

In addition to this overview information, you can access help on a number of specific TCP/IP commands directly at the DCL prompt by typing any of the following:

$ HELP FINGER $ HELP FTP $ HELP LPQ $ HELP LPRM $ HELP PRINT $ HELP RCP $ HELP REXEC $ HELP RLOGIN $ HELP RSH $ HELP TELNET $ HELP TN3270

Because TELNET, FTP, and the management commands generate their own system prompts, you need to go to their prompts to get help with specific commands:

• FTP

  $ FTP FTP> HELP Information available: APPEND CONNECT CREATE DELETE DIRECTORY DISABLE DISCONNECT ENABLE EXIT GET HELP LOGIN PUT QUOTE RENAME SET SHOW SPAWN VIEW

• TELNET

  $ TELNET TELNET> HELP Information available: BIND_SESSION CONNECT CREATE_SESSION DELETE_SESSION DISABLE DISCONNECT ENABLE EXIT HELP RESUME SEND SET SHOW SPAWN TN3270 UNBIND_SESSION

• Management Commands

  $ TCPIP TCPIP> help Information available: About... ADD ANALYZE Anonymous_FTP arp CONVERT COPY CREATE DEFINE DELETE DIRECTORY DISABLE DISCONNECT DISMOUNT ENABLE EXIT EXPORT GENERATE HELP ifconfig IMPORT LIST LOOP MAP MOUNT netstat NFS PING REMOVE ripquery route SEND SET SHOW START STOP sysconfig TCPIP_Prompt TCPTRACE UNMAP ZERO

The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS software includes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) service. The FTP Protocol allows the transferring of data between hosts that use dissimilar file systems. The FTP command is the interface to the File Transfer Protocol and provides commands to:

• List remote directories
• Change the current local and remote directory
• Transfer multiple files in a single request
• Create and remove directories
• Provide security by sending passwords to a remote host
• Permit automatic login, file transfer, and log off
• Preserve RMS file attributes

FTP does not allow recursive copying. You can use the RCP command, if you need this function.

What You Need

To use FTP, you need the following:

• A user account on the OpenVMS system with access to DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
• One of the following:
  • A user account on the remote FTP host
  • Access to the remote host's ANONYMOUS user account (See Section 2.3.2)

What You Can Do

The following table lists the FTP file services and the sections that explain how to use them.

Capability	Section
Enter either DCL-style or UNIX style command syntax	2.1
Customize the way FTP processes commands and file transfers	2.13 2.14.2
Display all FTP commands sent to the remote host during command processing	2.13
Display all replies from the remote host during command processing	2.13
Gain access to OpenVMS files without specifying your user name or a password	2.3.2
Use either OpenVMS or UNIX command syntax in command procedures that use FTP	2.14
Set and display the default (working) directory on the local or remote host	2.6
Create and delete remote directories	2.7
View remote directories	2.5
Delete a remotefile	2.9
Rename a remote file	2.9
Append a local file to a remote file	2.11
Display the contents of a file on a remote host	2.10
Copy files from a connected remote host to your local host	2.8.1
Copy files from your local host to the connected remote host	2.8.2
Preserve OpenVMS file attributes when copying files to a UNIX system and back again	2.8.5
Copy files to and from a DECnet node	2.15
Suspend FTP to spawn a subprocess at the DCL prompt	2.12

Command Summary

To use FTP, enter the commands summarized in Table 2-1 (for complete command descriptions see Section 2.16).

Table 2-1 FTP Commands: Summary

DCL-Style Command	Equivalent UNIX Style Command	Description
Starting and Exiting (At the DCL Prompt)
FTP	ftp	Invokes FTP
FTP remote_host	ftp remote_host	Invokes FTP and establishes a connection to a remote host
Starting and Exiting (At the FTP> Prompt)
CONNECT	open	Establishes a connection to a remote host
DISCONNECT	close	Closes the connection with the remote host
EXIT Ctrl/Z	quit	Closes the connection with the remote host and exits FTP
Sending Commands to the Remote Host
APPEND	append	Concatenates a local file to a remote file
CREATE/DIRECTORY	mkdir	Creates a remote directory
DELETE	delete mdelete	Deletes remote files
DIRECTORY	ls	Lists remote file names and related information
GET	get mget	Copies files from the remote host to the local host
LOGIN	user	Logs you in to a remote host
PUT	put mput	Copies files from the local host to the remote host
RENAME	rename	Changes file name(s) on remote systems
SET DEFAULT	cd lcd	Sets the remote working directory or the local working directory
SHOW DEFAULT	pwd lpwd	Displays the name of the remote current working directory or the local working directory
VIEW	view	Displays the contents of a file on the current output device
Suspending FTP to Return to DCL Prompt
SPAWN	!	Suspends FTP to create a subprocess at the local DCL prompt
Customizing Your Session's Environment
DISABLE LOG	debug+	Disables the display of all the protocol commands sent to the remote host
DISABLE PARSE	glob+	Disables the expansion of file names
DISABLE PORT_COMMAND	sendport+	Disables the sending of the FTP protocol PORT command
DISABLE REPLY	N/A	Disables the display of all responses from the remote host
DISABLE TRANSFER_VERIFICATION	hash+	Disables the display of # for each 1K bytes of data transferred
DISABLE VMS_PLUS	N/A	Disables the special OpenVMS-to-OpenVMS transfer mode
ENABLE LOG	debug+	Enables the display of protocol commands sent to the remote host
ENABLE PARSE	glob+	Enables the expansion of file names
ENABLE PORT_COMMAND	sendport+	Enables the sending of the FTP protocol PORT command
ENABLE REPLY	N/A	Enables the display of responses from the remote host
ENABLE TRANSFER_VERIFICATION	hash+	Enables the display of # for each 1K bytes of data transferred
ENABLE VMS_PLUS	N/A	Enables the special OpenVMS-to-OpenVMS transfer mode
HELP	?	Invokes help
QUOTE	quote	Sends FTP commands to the remote host without local interpretation
SET TYPE	type	Defines the data representation for file transfers
SHOW STATUS	status	Displays the current FTP parameter settings and, if you have an open connect, the name of the connected host
SPAWN	!	Starts up a subprocess at the DCL prompt