Document revision date: 10 November 2000

Here are some highlighting techniques to consider:

• Add a Link icon.
  Using a Link icon is especially effective in formatted displays. If your application associates icons with information, this is the preferred method of indicating a link. For example, the DECwindows Calendar uses icons to indicate meetings, lunch, and other pieces of information.
• Surround text or graphics with a box.
  Other rendition techniques (such as bolding) often already have meaning in text or graphic displays.
• Change the rendition of the object.
  You can change the rendition of text or graphics by using any of the following:

  Boldfacing
  Italics
  Different font or different point size
  Reverse video

  
  Using color can be a poor choice for the following reasons:

  • You will need to use a monochrome technique for monochrome displays.
  • Color can be distracting.
  • Color is difficult to implement well.

In order for your application to be an effective hyperapplication, make it use windowing in the following ways:

• Support multiple display windows
• Respond to navigation requests by displaying only the requested information

Digital recommends that you have your application support multiple display windows because of the way the Visit menu item works.

The Visit menu item in the Link menu opens a new window to display the new link, while leaving your original window open. If, however, your application does not support multiple display windows, selecting the Visit menu item will display your new information in the one window that was already displaying information, thereby preventing users from comparing information in two different links. In effect, you deny users the use of a true Visit operation.

Have your application respond to navigation requests by displaying only the requested linkable object in order to avoid confusion and screen clutter. For example, when users follow a link to a Bookreader topic, only make the topic appear. Do not automatically display a library or an index window.

This appendix provides a table of the keyboard bindings for DECwindows Motif, a table of the mouse bindings for Digital's three-button mouse, and a table of the standard accelerators (keyboard bindings for menu items) for the Window menu and the Edit menu.

Menus are assumed to be vertical; menu bars, horizontal.

Examples are intended to illustrate the most common uses of the keys. The examples are not exhaustive.

Motif uses a plus sign (+) to show key combinations (for example, Alt+F5). Digital traditionally uses a slash (/) for key combinations. This document uses plus signs throughout these tables.

A.1 Keyboard Bindings

The bindings described in the tables of this appendix pertain to Digital LK401 keyboards and Digital PC-style keyboards (including the LK443 and LK444 models). DECwindows applications can also use the Digital LK201 keyboard, which is almost identical to the LK401 model. Table A-1 lists the differences between the LK201 and the LK401 keyboard.

Table A-1 Differences Between LK201 and LK401 Keyboards

LK201	LK401
Compose Character Key	Two Alt keys and two Compose Character keys, one of each on each side of the space bar
Prev Screen	Prev
Next Screen	Next

OSF/Motif supports bindings for a number of other keyboards. For information about bindings for these other keyboards, see the OSF/Motif Style Guide.

The general concepts of the keyboard bindings are as follows:

• Motif keyboard binding names that begin with M are modifiers, for example, MShift. A modifier is a key that, when pressed with another key, changes the meaning of the other key.
• Motif keyboard binding names that begin with K are keys, for example, KTab.

Table A-2 lists the modifiers for the DECwindows Motif bindings.

Table A-2 Modifiers for DECwindows Motif Keyboard Bindings

Motif Name	Keyboard Equivalent	Usage Examples
MShift	Shift	A modifier key. When used with KUp, KDown, KLeft, KRight, KBeginLine, KEndLine, KBeginData, and KEndData will perform the navigation operation and extend the selection.
MCtrl	Ctrl	A modifier key. Keyboard bindings that use the MCtrl modifier (the Ctrl key) are usually higher-order actions than the same key binding without the MCtrl modifier. For example, to go the beginning of a line, you press Alt+ <-, while to go to the beginning of the file, you press Ctrl+Alt+ <-.
MAlt	Alt	A modifier key.

Table A-3 lists the general keyboard bindings for DECwindows Motif.

Table A-3 General Bindings

Motif Name	LK401 Equivalent	PC-style Equivalent	Use
KEnter	Return	Return	Inserts a carriage return in a multiline text-entry field. Also used in activation. See KActivate.
KHelp	Help	F1	Invokes context-sensitive help for the control that contains the location cursor.
KCancel	F11	Escape	Cancels mouse-drag operations such as moving a window, resizing a window, or using a menu. Cancels menus. Cancels dialog boxes.
KTab	Tab	Tab	Inserts a tab character in a multiline text-entry field. Also used in field navigation. See KNextField, KPrevField.
KBackTab	Shift+Tab	Shift+Tab	Used in field navigation. See KPrevField.
KSpace	Space bar	Space bar	Inserts a blank space in text-entry fields. Also used in selection. See KSelect.
KBackSpace	< X|	Backspace	In text, if any characters are selected deletes them. Otherwise, deletes the character preceding the cursor. Also used in undo. See KUndo.
KUp	<uparrow symbol>	<uparrow symbol>	Moves up in menus, multiline text controls, list boxes, and other scrollable controls. Moves up between controls in a tab group.
KDown	<downarrow symbol>	<downarrow symbol>	Moves down in menus, multiline text controls, list boxes, and other scrollable controls. Moves down between controls in a tab group.
KLeft	<-	<-	Moves left in text controls and other scrollable controls. Moves left between controls in a tab group. Also used in menu navigation.
KRight	->	->	Moves right in text controls and other scrollable controls. Moves right between controls in a tab group. Also used in menu navigation. In pull-down menus, acts as KPrevMenu. See KNextMenu.
KPageUp	Prev	PageUp	Scrolls up in a multiline text field, list box, or other scrollable control.
KPageDown	Next	PageDown	Scrolls down in a multiline text field, list box, or other scrollable control.
KDelete	Remove	Delete	In text, if any characters are selected, deletes them. Otherwise, deletes the character following the cursor. In other controls, deletes the selected items.

Table A-4 lists the keyboard bindings for general navigation in DECwindows Motif.

Table A-4 Bindings for General Navigation

Motif Name	LK401 Equivalent	PC-style Equivalent	Use
KBeginLine	Alt+ <-	Home	Moves to beginning of line in a text field. In a list box or other scrollable control, moves to first item.
KEndLine	Alt+->	End	Moves to end of line in a text field. In a list box or other scrollable control, moves to last item.
KBeginData	Ctrl+Alt+ <-	Ctrl+Home	Moves to beginning of a text field, list box, or other scrollable control.
KEndData	Ctrl+Alt+->	Ctrl+End	Moves to end of a text field, list box, or other scrollable control.
KPageLeft	Ctrl+Prev	Ctrl+PageUp	Scrolls left in a text control, list box, or other scrollable control.
KPageRight	Ctrl+Next	Ctrl+PageDown	Scrolls right in a text control, list box, or other scrollable control.
KNextField	Tab Ctrl+Tab	Tab Ctrl+Tab	Moves location cursor to the next basic control or tab group in a dialog box. Moves the location cursor from pane to sash to next pane in a paned window.
KPrevField	Shift+Tab	Shift+Tab	Moves location cursor to the previous basic control or tab group in a dialog box. Moves the location cursor from pane to sash to previous pane in a paned window (reverse order of Tab key).

Table A-5 lists the keyboard bindings for navigating menus in DECwindows Motif.

Table A-5 Bindings for Menu Navigation

Motif Name	LK401 Equivalent	PC-style Equivalent	Use
KMenuBar	F10	F10	Moves location cursor to the menu bar. If the location cursor is already in the menu bar or in a pull-down menu, moves it back to the client area.
KMenu	Shift+F10	Shift+F10	Displays a pop-up menu. If the location cursor is already in a pull-down menu, cancels the menu.

Table A-6 lists the keyboard bindings for navigating text in DECwindows Motif.

Table A-6 Bindings for Text Navigation

Motif Name	LK401 Equivalent	PC-style Equivalent	Use
KPrevWord	Ctrl+ <-	Ctrl+ <-	Moves to the previous word in a text field.
KNextWord	Ctrl+->	Ctrl+->	Moves to the next word in a text field.
KPrevPara	Ctrl+<uparrow symbol>	Ctrl+<uparrow symbol>	Moves to the previous paragraph in a multiline text field. An optional function.
KNextPara	Ctrl+<downarrow symbol>	Ctrl+<downarrow symbol>	Moves to the next paragraph in a multiline text field. An optional function.
KEraseEndLine	Ctrl+Remove	Ctrl+Delete	Erases to the end of the line. An optional function.

Table A-7 lists the keyboard bindings for navigating windows in DECwindows Motif.

Table A-7 Bindings for Window Navigation

Motif Name	LK401 Equivalent	PC-style Equivalent	Use
KWindowMenu	Shift+F11	Shift+F11	Posts the window menu.
KNextWindow	Alt+Tab	Alt+Tab	Moves to the next window that is not part of the current window family.
KPrevWindow	Shift+Alt+Tab	Shift+Alt+Tab	Moves to the previous window that is not part of the current window family.
KNextFamilyWindow	Alt+F6	Alt+F6	Moves to next window in window family.
KPrevFamilyWindow	Shift+Alt+F6	Shift+Alt+F6	Moves to previous window in window family.

Table A-8 lists the keyboard bindings for activating screen objects in DECwindows Motif.

Table A-8 Bindings for Activation and Editing

Motif Name	LK401 Equivalent	PC-style Equivalent	Use
KActivate	Return Ctrl+Return Enter	Enter	Terminates a move or resize of a window. In menus (pull-down, pop-up, and option), activates (chooses) a menu item. In dialog boxes, when location cursor is not in the push-button field or in an option menu, activates the default push button. In dialog boxes, when location cursor is in the push-button field, activates the push button containing the location cursor. When the location cursor is in a multiline text-entry field, Return will insert a carriage return. Ctrl+Return must be used to activate the default push button.
KUndo	Alt+< X|	Alt+Backspace	An optional function. Undoes the previous operation.
KSelect	Select Space bar	Space bar	Activates push buttons, check buttons (toggles them on or off), and option menus. Activates (turns on) a radio button that is off. If all the buttons in a set of radio buttons can be off, turns off a radio button that is on. If one of the buttons in a set of radio buttons must always be on, does not turn radio buttons off. Can be used to select an item in a list box. KSelect followed by a shifted navigation operation initiates range selection; for text-entry fields, Ctrl+Space bar must be used.
KExtend	Shift+Ctrl+Space bar Shift+Select	Shift+Ctrl+Space bar	In Add Mode, a user can type KSelect, navigate to a different location, and then type KExtend to select all of the items in the extended range.
KReselect	Ctrl+Shift+Space bar	Ctrl+Shift+Space bar	An optional function. Restores the previous selection.
KSelectAll	Ctrl+Slash (/)	Ctral+Slash (/)	Selects all of the elements in a control (for example, a text-entry field, list box, graphics canvas).
KDeselectAll	Ctrl+Backslash (\)	Ctrl_Backslash (\)	Deselects all of the elements in a control (for example, a text-entry field, list box, graphics canvas).
KCut	Remove	Shift+Delete	Cuts selected object to the clipboard.
KCopy	Ctrl+Insert Here	Ctrl+Insert	Copies selected object to the clipboard.
KPaste	Shift+Insert Here	Shift+Insert	Pastes from the clipboard.
KAddMode	Shift+F8	Shift+F8	Toggles between Normal Mode and Add Mode. Normal Mode is the default state, and allows only range selection from the keyboard. Add Mode allows keyboard users to make discontiguous selections.
KRestore	Ctrl+Shift+Insert Here	Ctrl+Shift+Insert	Restores text to value prior to editing.

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