DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
Management

Contents (summary)

• Part I Connecting to the Network
• Chapter 1 Managing DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
• Chapter 2 Configuring the Interface
• Chapter 3 Configuring Serial Lines
• Chapter 4 Configuring Routing
• Part 2 Configuring Services
• Chapter 5 Configuring and Managing BIND
• Chapter 6 Configuring BOOTP and TFTP
• Chapter 7 Configuring the Portmapper
• Chapter 8 Configuring and Managing NTP
• Chapter 9 Configuring SNMP
• Part 3 Configuring Network Applications
• Chapter 10 Configuring and Managing TELNET and FTP
• Chapter 11 Remote (R) Commands
• Chapter 12 Configuring and Managing SMTP
• Chapter 13 Configuring and Managing the POP Server
• Part 4 Network File Services
• Chapter 14 NFS Server
• Chapter 15 NFS Client
• Part 5 Configuring Printing Services
• Chapter 16 Setting Up and Managing the LPR/LPD Print Service
• Chapter 17 Setting Up and Managing the TELNETSYM
• Chapter 18 Setting Up the PC-NFS Print Service
• Part 6 Appendixes
• Appendix A Troubleshooting
• Appendix B Error Messages
• Appendix C ANALYZE CONTAINER Validation Messages
• Appendix D Customized Security Driver: Template
• Appendix E EBCDIC/DMCS Translation Tables
• Appendix F How NFS Converts File Names
• Index
• Figures
• Examples
• Tables

Contents

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  Part I Connecting to the Network

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  Chapter 1 Managing DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
  • 1.1 Getting Started
    • 1.1.1 How UCX Uses Logical Names
    • 1.1.2 Modifying Your Configuration
    • 1.1.3 Saving Changes
    • 1.1.4 Manually Starting and Stopping UCX
    • 1.1.5 Enabling PATHWORKS Support
  • 1.2 Setting Up User Accounts and Proxy Identities
  • 1.3 Configuring a TCP/IP Cluster
    • 1.3.1 Setting Up a TCP/IP Cluster
  • 1.4 Using the Auxiliary Server
    • 1.4.1 How the Auxiliary Server Works
    • 1.4.2 Rejecting Client Requests
    • 1.4.3 Configuring the Auxiliary Server
    • 1.4.4 Enabling Services
    • 1.4.5 Setting Up Event Logging
  • 1.5 UCX and Memory Management
  • 1.6 Obtaining Network Activity Statistics

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  Chapter 2 Configuring the Interface
  • 2.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
  • 2.2 Configuring Network Controllers
  • 2.3 Configuring Network Interfaces
    • 2.3.1 Specifying the Interface
    • 2.3.2 Specifying the Network Mask
  • 2.4 Manually Configuring a Hardware Address

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  Chapter 3 Configuring Serial Lines
  • 3.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 3.1.1 Uses for PPP and SLIP
    • 3.1.2 Assigning an IP Address to Your PPP or SLIP Interface
    • 3.1.3 Serial Line Internet Protocol
    • 3.1.4 Point-to-Point Protocol
  • 3.2 Setting Up a PPP Interface
    • 3.2.1 Managing the PPP Connection
    • 3.2.2 Setting Up Your Host as a PPP Dialup Provider
    • 3.2.3 Dialing Out as a Simple Client
    • 3.2.4 Shutting Down PPP
  • 3.3 Setting Up a SLIP Interface
    • 3.3.1 Setting Up Hard-Wired SLIP Lines
    • 3.3.2 Setting Up SLIP Dialup Lines
    • 3.3.3 Setting Up Your Host as a SLIP Dialup Provider
    • 3.3.4 Connecting a Host to the LAN
    • 3.3.5 Setting Up a SLIP Gateway with Proxy ARP
    • 3.3.6 Shutting Down SLIP
    • 3.3.7 Troubleshooting SLIP

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  Chapter 4 Configuring Routing
  • 4.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 4.1.1 Static Routing
    • 4.1.2 Dynamic Routing
  • 4.2 Setting Up Routing
    • 4.2.1 Routing Management Commands
    • 4.2.2 Starting and Stopping Dynamic Routing
    • 4.2.3 Configuring and Managing Static Routing
      • 4.2.3.1 Manually Defining Routes (Static Routes)
      • 4.2.3.2 Displaying Manually Defined Routes
      • 4.2.3.3 Starting and Stopping Routing
  • 4.3 Configuring the Gateway Function (IP Forwarding)
    • 4.3.1 Datagram Reassembly Time
  • 4.4 Subnetwork Routing
    • 4.4.1 Extending Subnetwork Routing
    • 4.4.2 Interface Routes

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  Part 2 Configuring Services

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  Chapter 5 Configuring and Managing BIND
  • 5.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 5.1.1 The Resolver and Name Server Work Together
    • 5.1.2 Common BIND Server Configurations
      • 5.1.2.1 Primary Servers
      • 5.1.2.2 Secondary Servers
      • 5.1.2.3 Caching-Only Servers
      • 5.1.2.4 Forwarder Servers
    • 5.1.3 Configuring BIND
  • 5.2 Configuring the BIND Resolver
    • 5.2.1 Changing the Default Configuration
    • 5.2.2 Examples
  • 5.3 Configuring the Name Server
    • 5.3.1 Setting Up BIND Servers
      • 5.3.1.1 Setting Up a Primary Name Server
      • 5.3.1.2 Setting Up a Secondary Name Server
      • 5.3.1.3 Setting Up a Cache-only Server
      • 5.3.1.4 Setting Up a Forwarder Name Server
    • 5.3.2 Populating the BIND Server Databases
      • 5.3.2.1 Using Existing Databases
      • 5.3.2.2 Manually Editing Zone Files
      • 5.3.2.3 Saving Backup Copies of Zone Data
    • 5.3.3 Sample Database Files
      • 5.3.3.1 NAMED.LOCAL
      • 5.3.3.2 NAMED.CA
      • 5.3.3.3 DOMAIN_NAME.DB
      • 5.3.3.4 ADDRESS.DB
  • 5.4 Displaying Name Server Information
  • 5.5 Load Balancing with BIND
    • 5.5.1 Round-Robin Scheduling
    • 5.5.2 Cluster Load Balancing
      • 5.5.2.1 How Load Balancing Works
    • 5.5.3 Using the Metric Server
      • 5.5.3.1 Load Computation
      • 5.5.3.2 Setting a Load Bias
  • 5.6 Using NSLOOKUP to Query a Name Server
    • 5.6.1 Starting and Stopping NSLOOKUP
    • 5.6.2 Guidelines for Using NSLOOKUP
    • 5.6.3 NSLOOKUP Commands

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  Chapter 6 Configuring BOOTP and TFTP
  • 6.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
  • 6.2 BOOTP Management Commands
  • 6.3 BOOTP and TFTP Logical Names
  • 6.4 BOOTP and TFTP Planning and Preconfiguration Tasks
    • 6.4.1 Network Configuration Decisions
    • 6.4.2 BOOTP Service Decisions
  • 6.5 BOOTP Security
  • 6.6 Creating a BOOTP Database
    • 6.6.1 Populating the BOOTP Database
    • 6.6.2 Converting UNIX Records
    • 6.6.3 Creating Individual Entries
    • 6.6.4 Modifying and Deleting Entries
  • 6.7 Setting Up the BOOTP and TFTP Services
  • 6.8 Monitoring BOOTP and TFTP Processes
  • 6.9 Enabling and Disabling BOOTP and TFTP
  • 6.10 TFTP
  • 6.11 TFTP Management Commands
    • 6.11.1 TFTP Directory Structure
    • 6.11.2 Upline Dumping

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  Chapter 7 Configuring the Portmapper
  • 7.1 Configuring Services to Use the Portmapper
  • 7.2 Displaying Portmapper Information
  • 7.3 Starting and Stopping the Portmapper

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  Chapter 8 Configuring and Managing NTP
  • 8.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 8.1.1 Time Distributed Through a Hierarchy of Servers
    • 8.1.2 How Hosts Negotiate Synchronization
    • 8.1.3 How the OpenVMS System Maintains the System Clock
    • 8.1.4 How NTP Makes Adjustments to System Time
    • 8.1.5 Configuring the Local Host
    • 8.1.6 Configuring Master Servers and Local Masters
  • 8.2 Configuring Your NTP Host
    • 8.2.1 Creating the Configuration File
    • 8.2.2 Configuration Example
  • 8.3 Starting and Stopping NTP
  • 8.4 Defining Time-Zone Offsets
    • 8.4.1 Defining Time-Zone Offsets (OpenVMS Version 5 or Earlier)
    • 8.4.2 Time-Zone Offsets on OpenVMS Version 6
  • 8.5 NTP Event Logging
    • 8.5.0.1 Sample NTP Log File

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  Chapter 9 Configuring SNMP
  • 9.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
  • 9.2 Configuring SNMP
  • 9.3 Displaying the Current SNMP Configuration
  • 9.4 Understanding the MIB Browser
    • 9.4.1 More on Case Sensitivity
  • 9.5 SNMP Executable and Command Files
  • 9.6 Log Files
  • 9.7 Writing Your Own Subagent

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  Part 3 Configuring Network Applications

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  Chapter 10 Configuring and Managing TELNET and FTP
  • 10.1 Managing TELNET
    • 10.1.1 Setting Up User Accounts
    • 10.1.2 Maximum Number of User Sessions
    • 10.1.3 Creating and Deleting Sessions
    • 10.1.4 Displaying Login Messages
    • 10.1.5 Creating a Welcome Message
    • 10.1.6 TELNET Client: TN3270
  • 10.2 Managing FTP
    • 10.2.1 Enabling and Disabling FTP
    • 10.2.2 Configuring Anonymous FTP
      • 10.2.2.1 Concealed File Systems
      • 10.2.2.2 Setting Up Anonymous FTP
      • 10.2.2.3 Managing FTP with Logical Names
      • 10.2.2.4 FTP Log Files

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  Chapter 11 Remote (R) Commands
  • 11.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
  • 11.2 Security Considerations
    • 11.2.1 Registering Remote Users
    • 11.2.2 Case-Sensitivity Flag
  • 11.3 Creating a Welcome Message
  • 11.4 Remote Magnetic Tape and Remote CD-ROM (RMT/RCD)
    • 11.4.1 Preparing Drives for Remote Mounts
    • 11.4.2 Client Utilities Supported
    • 11.4.3 Client Examples

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  Chapter 12 Configuring and Managing SMTP
  • 12.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 12.1.1 How SMTP Clients and Servers Communicate
    • 12.1.2 Understanding the SMTP Control File
    • 12.1.3 Understanding SMTP Headers
    • 12.1.4 Understanding SMTP Addresses
    • 12.1.5 How SMTP Routes Mail
      • 12.1.5.1 Using MX Records
      • 12.1.5.2 Using SMTP Zone and Alternate Gateway
  • 12.2 Starting and Stopping SMTP
  • 12.3 Configuring SMTP
    • 12.3.1 Mail Utility Files
    • 12.3.2 Creating a Postmaster Account
  • 12.4 Managing the SMTP Symbiont Queues
    • 12.4.1 Displaying Queues
    • 12.4.2 Changing the Number of Queues
    • 12.4.3 Restarting a Stopped Queue
    • 12.4.4 Displaying SMTP Routing Information
    • 12.4.5 SMTP Logging
  • 12.5 Modifying Your SMTP Configuration

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  Chapter 13 Configuring and Managing the POP Server
  • 13.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 13.1.1 The POP Server Process
    • 13.1.2 How to Access Mail Messages from the POP Server
    • 13.1.3 How the POP Server Initiates and Manages a TCP Connection
    • 13.1.4 How the POP Server Handles Non-ASCII Message Formats
    • 13.1.5 How the POP Server Authorizes Users
    • 13.1.6 Understanding POP Message Headers
      • 13.1.6.1 How POP Rebuilds the OpenVMS Message From: Field
        • 13.1.6.1.1 SMTP Address
        • 13.1.6.1.2 DECnet Address
        • 13.1.6.1.3 User Name-Only Address
        • 13.1.6.1.4 DECnet Address that Contains Quotation Marks
        • 13.1.6.1.5 Cluster-Forwarding SMTP Address
        • 13.1.6.1.6 All Other Addresses
  • 13.2 Starting and Stopping the POP Server
  • 13.3 Modifying POP Server Characteristics
  • 13.4 Enabling MIME Mail

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  Part 4 Network File Services

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  Chapter 14 NFS Server
  • 14.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 14.1.1 Clients and Servers
    • 14.1.2 NFS File Systems on OpenVMS
      • 14.1.2.1 Selecting a File System
      • 14.1.2.2 Understanding the Container File System
    • 14.1.3 How the Server Grants Access to Users and Hosts
    • 14.1.4 How the Server Maps User Identities
    • 14.1.5 Mapping the Default User
    • 14.1.6 Mapping a Remote Superuser
    • 14.1.7 How OpenVMS and the NFS Server Grant File Access
    • 14.1.8 Understanding the Client's Role in Granting Access
    • 14.1.9 Granting Access to PC-NFS Clients
  • 14.2 Starting and Stopping the NFS Server
  • 14.3 Running the NFS Server on an OpenVMS Cluster System
  • 14.4 Setting Up the PC-NFS Daemon
  • 14.5 Registering Users and Hosts
    • 14.5.1 Adding Proxy Entries
    • 14.5.2 Adding Entries to the Export Database
  • 14.6 Backing Up a File System
  • 14.7 Setting Up and Exporting an OpenVMS File System
  • 14.8 Setting Up and Exporting a UNIX-Style File System
  • 14.9 Maintaining a UNIX-style (Container) File System
    • 14.9.1 Displaying Directory Listings
    • 14.9.2 Copying Files into a UNIX-Style File System
    • 14.9.3 Removing Links to a File
    • 14.9.4 Removing Links to a Directory
    • 14.9.5 Deleting a UNIX-Style file system
    • 14.9.6 Verifying the Integrity of a UNIX-Style File System
    • 14.9.7 Restoring an Entire Container File System
    • 14.9.8 Restoring Parts of a Container File System
      • 14.9.8.1 Using a Temporary Copy of the Container File System
      • 14.9.8.2 Recovering a Corrupted File That Still Exists
      • 14.9.8.3 Recovering a Deleted File
      • 14.9.8.4 Recovering a File That Has Been Completely Deleted from the Container
      • 14.9.8.5 Recovering a Container File Only
  • 14.10 Setting Up NFS Security Features
  • 14.11 Modifying Server Characteristics
  • 14.12 Modifying File System Characteristics
  • 14.13 Improving Server Performance
    • 14.13.1 Displaying Performance Information
    • 14.13.2 Displaying File System Information
    • 14.13.3 Opening and Closing Files
    • 14.13.4 Increasing the Number of Active Threads
    • 14.13.5 Increasing the Size of the Host Table
    • 14.13.6 Increasing the Size of the Transaction Cache
    • 14.13.7 Improving Server Performance with XQP+
    • 14.13.8 Increasing Account Quotas
    • 14.13.9 Increasing UAF File Limits
    • 14.13.10 OpenVMS SYSGEN Parameters that Impact Performance

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  Chapter 15 NFS Client
  • 15.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 15.1.1 NFS Clients and Servers
    • 15.1.2 Storing File Attributes
      • 15.1.2.1 Using Default ADFs
      • 15.1.2.2 How the Client Uses ADFs
      • 15.1.2.3 Creating Customized Default ADFs
    • 15.1.3 How the NFS Client Authenticates Users
    • 15.1.4 How the Client Maps User Identities
      • 15.1.4.1 Default Mapping
      • 15.1.4.2 Providing Universal Access to World-Readable Files
    • 15.1.5 How the Client Grants File Access
    • 15.1.6 Guidelines for Working with DNFS Devices
    • 15.1.7 How NFS Converts File Names
  • 15.2 Registering Users in the Proxy Database
  • 15.3 Mounting Files and Directories
    • 15.3.1 User-Level Mounting
    • 15.3.2 Automounting
    • 15.3.3 Background Mounting
    • 15.3.4 Overmounting
    • 15.3.5 Occluded Mounting
    • 15.3.6 Other Mount Options

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  Part 5 Configuring Printing Services

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  Chapter 16 Setting Up and Managing the LPR/LPD Print Service
  • 16.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
  • 16.2 Configuring LPR/LPD
  • 16.3 Configuring Printers
    • 16.3.1 Manual Configuration
      • 16.3.1.1 Setting Up Print Spool Directories
      • 16.3.1.2 Setting Up Error Logging
      • 16.3.1.3 Support for PostScript Extensions
    • 16.3.2 Configuring Printers with LPRSETUP
  • 16.4 Starting and Stopping Print Queues
  • 16.5 Controlling Access to Local Queues
  • 16.6 Receiving LPR/LPD OPCOM Messages
  • 16.7 Using OpenVMS FLAG PAGE Options

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  Chapter 17 Setting Up and Managing the TELNETSYM
  • 17.1 Reviewing Key Concepts
    • 17.1.1 TELNETSYM Modifications to the Output Stream
  • 17.2 Setting Up a Print Queue
  • 17.3 Setting Up Relay Queues
  • 17.4 Managing and Customizing Your Print Queues
    • 17.4.1 Controlling Stream of Print Bytes Sent Over the Link
    • 17.4.2 Setting up Error Logging
    • 17.4.3 Controlling Characteristics of the TCP/IP Link
    • 17.4.4 Establishing a TELNETSYM Link
    • 17.4.5 Releasing a TELNETSYM Link
    • 17.4.6 Setting the Number of Execution Queues

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  Chapter 18 Setting Up the PC-NFS Print Service
  • 18.1 Providing PC-NFS Print Services
  • 18.2 Maintaining Print Queues
  • 18.3 Authentication

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  Part 6 Appendixes

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  Appendix A Troubleshooting
  • A.1 Using the Trace Utility (TCPIPTRACE)
  • A.2 Tuning Performance
    • A.2.1 Permanent Settings
    • A.2.2 Isolating the Problem
    • A.2.3 Buffer Usage
      • A.2.3.1 Nonpaged Pool
      • A.2.3.2 Setting Optimal Large Buffer Sizes
      • A.2.3.3 Preallocated MBUFs
      • A.2.3.4 Dynamically Allocated MBUFs
    • A.2.4 Device Sockets
      • A.2.4.1 Terminating TCP Connections
    • A.2.5 Checksum Calculations
  • A.3 General Problems
    • A.3.1 Verifying Availability
    • A.3.2 Checking Connectivity
    • A.3.3 OPCOM Messages
    • A.3.4 Analyzing Services
  • A.4 BIND Server
    • A.4.1 Server Not Responding
    • A.4.2 BIND Server Load Balancing
      • A.4.2.1 Logical Names
      • A.4.2.2 Metric View Utility
  • A.5 BOOTP
  • A.6 TFTP
    • A.6.1 Monitoring Client Activity
    • A.6.2 Monitoring the TFTP Process
  • A.7 FTP
    • A.7.1 FTP Performance
    • A.7.2 Buffer Sizes
    • A.7.3 File Allocation and Extension Sizes
    • A.7.4 Inactivity Timer
  • A.8 Printing: LPD
    • A.8.1 UCX$LPD_DEBUG and UCX$LPD_RCV Logical Names
  • A.9 Printing: TELNETSYM
    • A.9.1 Using UCX$TELNETSYM for the First Time
    • A.9.2 Printing to DIGITAL Terminal Servers
    • A.9.3 Stalled Print Queues
    • A.9.4 TELNETSYM Logging
    • A.9.5 Format Problems
    • A.9.6 Buffer Dumps
  • A.10 SLIP
  • A.11 SMTP
    • A.11.1 Verifying SMTP Control Files
  • A.12 Troubleshooting POP
    • A.12.1 Reviewing POP Server Messages
    • A.12.2 Using POP Extension Commands
  • A.13 TELNET
    • A.13.1 TELNET Characteristics That Affect Performance
    • A.13.2 Internet ACP Byte Limit Quota
    • A.13.3 Requests That Cannot Be Satisfied
    • A.13.4 Data Buffer Allocation

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  Appendix B Error Messages
  • B.1 Display Terminal Error Messages
  • B.2 PING Messages
  • B.3 File System Messages
  • B.4 PPP OPCOM messages
  • B.5 POP Server Messages
    • B.5.1 POP Error Messages
    • B.5.2 POP OPCOM Messages
  • B.6 SMTP Error Messages
    • B.6.1 Messages Displayed on the Sender's Screen
    • B.6.2 SMTP Symbiont Error Messages
    • B.6.3 SMTP ANALYZE Utility Error Messages
    • B.6.4 UCP Error Messages

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  Appendix C ANALYZE CONTAINER Validation Messages
  • C.1 Summary Information
  • C.2 General Information Messages
  • C.3 Super Block Validation Messages
  • C.4 Directory and Raw Data Validation Messages
  • C.5 Bitmap and Deleted Cells Validation Messages
  • C.6 Directory Hierarchy Reconstruction Messages

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  Appendix D Customized Security Driver: Template
  • D.1 Implementation
  • D.2 Example Command File for Building the Security Driver

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  Appendix E EBCDIC/DMCS Translation Tables
  • E.1 Macros for Modifying the Translation Tables
  • E.2 Building Translation Tables
  • E.3 Examples of Modifying Translation Tables

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  Appendix F How NFS Converts File Names

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  Index

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  Examples
  • 14-1 SHOW CFS
  • 14-2 SHOW CFS/SUMMARY Display

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  Figures
  • 8-1 Sample NTP Environment

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  Tables
  • 1-1 UCX Databases
  • 1-2 Communication Initialization Variables
  • 1-3 Default Buffer Sizes
  • 1-4 Default MBUF Allocation
  • 3-1 Configuring PPP Interfaces
  • 3-2 PPPD Command Summary
  • 3-3 Command Qualifiers Used for Configuring SLIP
  • 4-1 Dynamic Routing Commands
  • 5-1 BIND Server Databases
  • 5-2 Standard Resource Record Types
  • 5-3 NSLOOKUP Options
  • 5-4 Options to the NSLOOKUP ls Command
  • 5-5 Options to the NSLOOKUP set Command
  • 6-1 BOOTP Management Commands
  • 6-2 BOOTP and TFTP Logical Names
  • 6-3 TFTP Management Commands
  • 8-1 NTP Log File Messages
  • 9-1 SNMP Components
  • 9-2 SNMP Executable and Command Files
  • 10-1 FTP Logical Names
  • 11-1 RMT Magtape Qualifiers
  • 11-2 RMT CD-ROM Qualifiers
  • 12-1 SMTP Client Commands
  • 12-2 Default SMTP Utility Files
  • 12-3 SMTP Management Commands
  • 13-1 POP User Authorization Methods
  • 13-2 POP Logical Names
  • 14-1 UNIX-Style File System Components Analyzed
  • 14-2 Modifying Server Characteristics
  • 14-3 File System Logical Names
  • 14-4 File-Attributes Cache Values
  • 14-5 Services and Resources Allocation Values
  • 15-1 Required Fields for NFS Proxy Entries
  • 16-1 LPD Logical Names
  • 16-2 Printcap Symbols
  • 16-3 LPRSETUP Commands
  • A-1 TCPIPTRACE Command Qualifiers
  • A-2 Queue Size Quotas for Device Sockets
  • A-3 Default Buffer Sizes
  • A-4 Modifying MBUF Allocation
  • A-5 Channel-Assigning to Internet Pseudodevices
  • A-6 SHOW DEVICE_SOCKET Command: Counters
  • A-7 SHOW PROTOCOL Display
  • A-8 POP Extension (XTND) Commands
  • E-1 Modifications to Translation Tables
  • F-1 NFS Server to OpenVMS Client File Name Conversion Rules
  • F-2 NFS Client: Name Conversion