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Updated: 11 December 1998

OpenVMS RTL String Manipulation (STR$) Manual

OpenVMS RTL String Manipulation (STR$) Manual

Order Number: AA--PV6MB--TK


November 1996

This manual documents the string manipulation routines contained in the STR$ facility of the OpenVMS Run-Time Library.

Revision/Update Information: This manual supersedes the OpenVMS RTL String Manipulation (STR$) Manual, OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.0 and OpenVMS VAX Version 7.0.

Software Version: OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.1 OpenVMS VAX Version 7.1




Digital Equipment Corporation Maynard, Massachusetts


November 1996

Digital Equipment Corporation makes no representations that the use of its products in the manner described in this publication will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained in this publication imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment or software in accordance with the description.

Possession, use, or copying of the software described in this publication is authorized only pursuant to a valid written license from Digital or an authorized sublicensor.

Digital conducts its business in a manner that conserves the environment and protects the safety and health of its employees, customers, and the community.

© Digital Equipment Corporation 1996. All rights reserved.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: AXP, Bookreader, DEC, DECdirect, DECtalk, DECthreads, DECwindows, Digital, OpenVMS, OpenVMS Cluster, VAX, VAX DOCUMENT, VAXcluster, VMS, VMScluster, and the DIGITAL logo.

The following are third-party trademarks:

Motif, OSF, OSF/1, OSF/Motif, and Open Software Foundation are registered trademarks of the Open Software Foundation, Inc.

All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

ZK5936

The OpenVMS documentation set is available on CD-ROM.

Contents Index


Preface

This manual provides users of the OpenVMS operating system with detailed usage and reference information about the string manipulation routines supplied in the STR$ facility of the Run-Time Library.

Intended Audience

This manual is intended for system and application programmers who write programs that call STR$ Run-Time Library routines.

Document Structure

This manual is organized into two parts as follows:

Related Documents

The Run-Time Library routines are documented in a series of reference manuals. A description of how the Run-Time Library routines are accessed is presented in OpenVMS Programming Interfaces: Calling a System Routine. A description of OpenVMS features and functionality available through calls to the STR$ Run-Time Library appears in the OpenVMS Programming Concepts Manual. Descriptions of other RTL facilities and their corresponding routines and usages are discussed in the following books:

The Guide to DECthreads contains guidelines and reference information for DECthreads, the Digital Multithreading Run-Time Library.

The OpenVMS Calling Standard contains useful information for anyone who wants to call Run-Time Library routines.

Application programmers using any programming language can refer to the Guide to Creating OpenVMS Modular Procedures for writing modular and reentrant code.

High-level language programmers will find additional information on calling Run-Time Library routines in their language reference manual. Additional information may also be found in the language user's guide provided with your OpenVMS language software.

For a complete list and description of the manuals in the OpenVMS documentation set, see the Overview of OpenVMS Documentation.

For additional information on the Open Systems Software Group (OSSG) products and services, access the Digital OpenVMS World Wide Web site. Use the following URL:


http://www.openvms.digital.com 

Reader's Comments

Digital welcomes your comments on this manual.

Print or edit the online form SYS$HELP:OPENVMSDOC_COMMENTS.TXT and send us your comments by:
Internet openvmsdoc@zko.mts.dec.com
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How To Order Additional Documentation

Use the following table to order additional documentation or information. If you need help deciding which documentation best meets your needs, call 800-DIGITAL (800-344-4825).


Conventions

The name of the OpenVMS AXP operating system has been changed to the OpenVMS Alpha operating system. Any references to OpenVMS AXP or AXP are synonymous with OpenVMS Alpha or Alpha.

VMScluster systems are now referred to as OpenVMS Cluster systems. Unless otherwise specified, references to OpenVMS Clusters or clusters in this document are synonymous with VMSclusters.

In this manual, every use of DECwindows and DECwindows Motif refers to DECwindows Motif for OpenVMS software.

The following conventions are also used in this manual:
Ctrl/ x A sequence such as Ctrl/ x indicates that you must hold down the key labeled Ctrl while you press another key or a pointing device button.
PF1 x or
GOLD x
A sequence such as PF1 x or GOLD x indicates that you must first press and release the key labeled PF1 or GOLD and then press and release another key or a pointing device button.

GOLD key sequences can also have a slash (/), dash (--), or underscore (_) as a delimiter in EVE commands.

[Return] In examples, a key name enclosed in a box indicates that you press a key on the keyboard. (In text, a key name is not enclosed in a box.)
... Horizontal ellipsis points in examples indicate one of the following possibilities:
  • Additional optional arguments in a statement have been omitted.
  • The preceding item or items can be repeated one or more times.
  • Additional parameters, values, or other information can be entered.
.
.
.
Vertical ellipsis points indicate the omission of items from a code example or command format; the items are omitted because they are not important to the topic being discussed.
( ) In command format descriptions, parentheses indicate that, if you choose more than one option, you must enclose the choices in parentheses.
[ ] In command format descriptions, brackets indicate optional elements. You can choose one, none, or all of the options. (Brackets are not optional, however, in the syntax of a directory name in an OpenVMS file specification or in the syntax of a substring specification in an assignment statement.)
{ } In command format descriptions, braces indicate a required choice of options; you must choose one of the options listed.
text style This text style represents the introduction of a new term or the name of an argument, an attribute, or a reason.

This style is also used to show user input in Bookreader versions of the manual.

italic text Italic text indicates important information, complete titles of manuals, or variables. Variables include information that varies in system output (Internal error number), in command lines (/PRODUCER= name), and in command parameters in text (where device-name contains up to five alphanumeric characters).
UPPERCASE TEXT Uppercase text indicates a command, the name of a routine, the name of a file, or the abbreviation for a system privilege.
Monospace type Monospace type indicates code examples and interactive screen displays.

In the C programming language, monospace type in text identifies the following elements: keywords, the names of independently compiled external functions and files, syntax summaries, and references to variables or identifiers introduced in an example.

- A hyphen at the end of a command format description, command line, or code line indicates that the command or statement continues on the following line.
numbers All numbers in text are assumed to be decimal unless otherwise noted. Nondecimal radixes---binary, octal, or hexadecimal---are explicitly indicated.


Part 1
STR$ Tutorial Section

This part of the OpenVMS RTL String Manipulation (STR$) Manual contains a tutorial for the OpenVMS RTL String Manipulation (STR$) facility.

The material is structured as follows:


Chapter 1
Run-Time Library String Manipulation (STR$) Facility

This chapter contains an overview of the STR$ facility and lists the routines and their functions. Chapter 2 explains in detail how the STR$ facility handles strings. The STR$ Reference Section describes all the STR$ routines.

1.1 Overview

The STR$ facility provides routines to perform the following functions:

Table 1-1 STR$ Mathematical Operation Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$ADD Add two decimal strings
STR$DIVIDE Divide two decimal strings
STR$MUL Multiply two decimal strings
STR$RECIP Return the reciprocal of a decimal string
STR$ROUND Round or truncate a decimal string

Table 1-2 STR$ Compare Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$CASE_BLIND_COMPARE Compare strings without regard to case
STR$COMPARE Compare two strings
STR$COMPARE_EQL Compare two strings for equality
STR$COMPARE_MULTI Compare two strings for equality using the DEC Multinational Character Set

Table 1-3 STR$ Extract and Replace Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$ELEMENT Extract delimited element substring
STR$LEFT Extract a substring of a string
STR$LEN_EXTR Extract a substring of a string
STR$POS_EXTR Extract a substring of a string
STR$REPLACE Replace a substring
STR$RIGHT Extract a substring of a string

Table 1-4 STR$ Append and Concatenate Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$APPEND Append a string
STR$CONCAT Concatenate two or more strings
STR$PREFIX Prefix a string

Table 1-5 STR$ Copy Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$COPY_DX Copy a source string passed by descriptor to a destination string
STR$COPY_R Copy a source string passed by reference to a destination string
++STR$COPY_R_64 Copy a source string passed by reference to a destination string


++Alpha specific.

Table 1-6 STR$ Search Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$FIND_FIRST_IN_SET Find the first character in a set of characters
STR$FIND_FIRST_NOT_IN_SET Find the first character that does not occur in the set
STR$FIND_FIRST_SUBSTRING Find the first substring in the input string

Table 1-7 STR$ Allocate and Deallocate Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$FREE1_DX Free one dynamic string
STR$GET1_DX Allocate one dynamic string
++STR$GET1_DX_64 Allocate one dynamic string


++Alpha specific.

Table 1-8 STR$ Miscellaneous Routines
Routine Name Function
STR$ANALYZE_SDESC Analyze a string descriptor
++STR$ANALYZE_SDESC_64 Analyze a string descriptor
STR$DUPL_CHAR Duplicate character n times
STR$MATCH_WILD Match a wildcard specification
STR$POSITION Return relative position of a substring
STR$TRANSLATE Translate matched characters
STR$TRIM Trim trailing blanks and tabs
STR$UPCASE Convert string to all uppercase


++Alpha specific.

1.1.1 64-Bit Addressing Support (Alpha Only)

On Alpha systems, the String Manipulation (STR$) routines provide 64-bit virtual addressing capabilities as follows:

See the OpenVMS Alpha Guide to 64-Bit Addressing and VLM Features for more information about 64-bit virtual addressing capabilities.


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