Updated: 11 December 1998 |
OpenVMS System Manager's Manual
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On VAX systems, BACKUP saves files and directories from Files--11 Structure Level 1 and 2 disks to disks or magnetic tapes. If necessary, you can use BACKUP to restore the saved files and directories to Files--11 Structure Level 1 and 2 disks.
If a VAX system performs image backup of an Alpha system disk, a restore operation causes the Alpha system to reboot successfully.
On Alpha systems, BACKUP can save files and directories from Files--11 Structure Level 2 or 5 disks to either disks or magnetic tapes. If necessary, you can use BACKUP to restore the saved files and directories to Files--11 Structure Level 2 or 5 disks.
The OpenVMS Alpha operating system does not support the Files--11 Structure Level 1 format. |
You cannot back up files on ISO 9660-formatted media, but you can restore save sets stored on ISO 9660-formatted media.
For more information about the Files--11 disk structure, see
Section 8.1.1.2. For more information about ISO 9660 devices, see
Section 7.2.2.
10.7 Setting Process Quotas for Efficient Backups
You can optimize the efficiency of backups on your system by properly setting the process quotas for the process from which backups will be made (the process from which you enter the BACKUP command or submit your backup command procedure). This is especially important if you are using a streaming tape drive.
To set process quotas for efficient backups, perform the following actions:
$ SET DEFAULT SYS$SYSTEM $ RUN AUTHORIZE UAF> SHOW SYSTEM |
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:SYSMAN SYSMAN> PARAMETERS SHOW WSMAX %SYSMAN-I-USEACTNOD, a USE ACTIVE has been defaulted on node DIEM Node DIEM: Parameters in use: ACTIVE Parameter Name Current Default Minimum Maximum Unit Dynamic -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---- ------- WSMAX 2600 1024 60 100000 Pages SYSMAN> PARAMETERS SHOW CHANNELCNT Parameter Name Current Default Minimum Maximum Unit Dynamic -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---- ------- CHANNELCNT 127 127 21 2047 Channels SYSMAN> EXIT $ |
Process Quota | Recommended Setting |
---|---|
WSQUOTA | Equal to system parameter WSMAX |
WSEXTENT | Equal to WSQUOTA quota |
PGFLQUOTA | Equal to or greater than WSEXTENT quota |
FILLM | Less than system parameter CHANNELCNT |
DIOLM | Either 4096 or three times the value of FILLM quota, whichever is greater |
ASTLM | Either 4096, at least 100 greater than DIOLM quota, or three times the value of FILLM quota, whichever is greater |
BIOLM | Equal to FILLM |
BYTLM | Equal to or greater than the following value: (256*FILLM)+(6*DIOLM) |
ENQLM | Greater than FILLM quota |
Process Quota | Suggested Value |
---|---|
WSQUOTA | 16384 |
WSEXTENT | Greater than or equal to WSQUOTA |
PGFLQUOTA | 32768 |
FILLM | 128 |
DIOLM | 4096 |
ASTLM | 4096 |
BIOLM | 128 |
BYTLM | 65536 |
ENQLM | 256 |
The following steps show the commands that you would use to run the Authorize utility and set process quotas for the SYSTEM account (if you plan to run backups from a different account, determine the process quotas for that account):
$ SET DEFAULT SYS$SYSTEM $ RUN AUTHORIZE UAF> SHOW SYSTEM Username: SYSTEM Owner: SYSTEM MANAGER Account: SYSTEM UIC: [1,4] ([SYSTEM]) CLI: DCL Tables: DCLTABLES Default: SYS$SYSROOT:[SYSMGR] . . . Maxjobs: 0 Fillm: 40 Bytlm: 32768 Maxacctjobs: 0 Shrfillm: 0 Pbytlm: 0 Maxdetach: 0 BIOlm: 18 JTquota: 1024 Prclm: 10 DIOlm: 18 WSdef: 256 Prio: 4 ASTlm: 24 WSquo: 512 Queprio: 0 TQElm: 20 WSextent: 2048 CPU: (none) Enqlm: 200 Pgflquo: 20480 . . . UAF> EXIT %UAF-I-NOMODS, no modifications made to system authorization file %UAF-I-NAFNOMODS, no modifications made to network authorization file %UAF-I-RDBNOMODS, no modifications made to rights database $ |
WSQUOTA | 512 |
WSEXTENT | 2048 |
PGFLQUOTA | 20480 |
FILLM | 40 |
DIOLM | 18 |
ASTLM | 24 |
BIOLM | 18 |
BYTLM | 32768 |
ENQLM | 200 |
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:SYSMAN SYSMAN> PARAMETERS SHOW WSMAX %SYSMAN-I-USEACTNOD, a USE ACTIVE has been defaulted on node DIEM Node DIEM: Parameters in use: ACTIVE Parameter Name Current Default Minimum Maximum Unit Dynamic -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---- ------- WSMAX 2600 1024 60 100000 Pages SYSMAN> PARAMETERS SHOW CHANNELCNT Parameter Name Current Default Minimum Maximum Unit Dynamic -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---- ------- CHANNELCNT 127 127 21 2047 Channels SYSMAN> EXIT $ |
$ SET DEFAULT SYS$SYSTEM $ RUN AUTHORIZE UAF> MODIFY SYSTEM/WSQUOTA=2600 UAF> MODIFY SYSTEM/WSEXTENT=2600 UAF> MODIFY SYSTEM/DIOLM=4096 UAF> MODIFY SYSTEM/ASTLM=4096 UAF> MODIFY SYSTEM/BIOLM=40 UAF> MODIFY SYSTEM/BYTLM=34816 UAF> EXIT |
During the course of your backup operations, you will use both disk and tape volumes. The steps you normally perform before using a volume in a backup operation are:
These tasks are described in Chapter 8. This chapter describes
specifically how these tasks relate to BACKUP. Note that all disk
operations in this chapter also apply to diskettes.
10.8.1 Understanding Volume Initialization
Initializing a volume completes the following actions:
Initializing a volume removes links to existing files on the volume, effectively erasing the files. Do not initialize a volume that contains data you want to keep. |
You must initialize a volume for use with BACKUP if any of the following conditions exist:
Table 10-6 show the three ways to initialize a volume.
Method | For More Information |
---|---|
Before a backup operation with the DCL command INITIALIZE | Section 8.3 |
On the BACKUP command line with the /REWIND qualifier (for tapes only) | Section 10.8.1.2 |
On the BACKUP command line with the /INITIALIZE qualifier (for disks only) | Section 10.8.1.3 |
Instead of using the INITIALIZE command and then performing a backup operation, you can initialize a tape and perform a backup operation by entering one BACKUP command.
To initialize a tape volume on the BACKUP command line, add the /REWIND and /LABEL qualifiers to the output specifier. The /REWIND qualifier rewinds and initializes the volume. The /LABEL qualifier allows you to specify the volume label.
Magnetic tape volume labels can contain a maximum of six characters. You can use any ANSI "a" character in a magnetic tape volume label. The ANSI "a" characters include numbers, uppercase letters, and any of the following nonalphanumeric characters:
! " % ' ( ) * + , _ . / : ; < = > ? |
If you use any nonalphanumeric characters, you must enclose the volume label with quotation marks.
Label your magnetic tapes according to the data contained on the tapes. The following table presents some suggestions for labeling tapes:
Label | Type of Backup | Expiration Date |
---|---|---|
DLY101 | Daily, group 1, volume number 1 | Expires in 7 days |
DLY102 | Daily, group 1, volume number 2 | Expires in 7 days |
WKY101 | Weekly, group 1, volume number 1 | Expires in 4 weeks |
WKY201 | Weekly, group 2, volume number 1 | Expires in 4 weeks |
MTH101 | Monthly, group 1, volume number 1 | Expires in 12 months |
YRY101 | Yearly, group 1, volume number 1 | Expires in 5 years |
Note that:
%INIT-F-FILNOTEXP, file is not expired |
$ BACKUP [ACCOUNTS.JUNE] MUA0:JUNE.BCK/REWIND/LABEL=MTH101 |
Instead of using the INITIALIZE command and then performing a backup operation, you can initialize a disk and perform a backup operation by entering one BACKUP command.
The two ways to initialize a disk during a backup operation are:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DUA1: DUA2: |
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DUA1: DUA2:/NOINITIALIZE |
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DJA2: %MOUNT-I-MOUNTED, USER1 mounted on _DJA2: $ BACKUP/IMAGE DUA1: DJA2:DAILY.SAV/INITIALIZE |
Mounting a volume makes it available to the system. BACKUP automatically mounts tapes when you use them for a backup operation. Most disks on your system are mounted at system startup. This section describes how to explicitly mount volumes.
If you are planning to write a save set to a disk, decide whether the save set will be written in standard Files--11 format or in sequential-disk format:
SHOW DEVICES device-name |
MOUNT [/FOREIGN] device-name [volume-label] [logical-name] |
where:
device-name | is the name of the drive that holds the volume you want to mount. |
volume-label | is the alphanumeric identification you assigned to the volume with the INITIALIZE command. For disk volumes, labels can have a maximum of 12 characters; for magnetic tape volumes, labels can have a maximum of 6 characters. You do not need to add this parameter if you are mounting the volume with the /FOREIGN qualifier. |
logical-name | is an optional 1- to 255-character alphanumeric specification that you want to associate with the volume. |
$ SHOW DEVICE MU Device Device Error Volume Free Trans Mnt Name Status Count Label Blocks Count Cnt DAD$MUA6: Online 0 MOM$MUA6: Online 0 FRED$MUA6: Online 0 $ MOUNT/FOREIGN FRED$MUA6: TEST DRIVE1 %MOUNT-I-MOUNTED, TEST mounted on _FRED$MUA6: |
This command mounts the tape in FRED$MUA6: and assigns it the logical
name DRIVE1.
10.8.3 Dismounting a Volume
BACKUP does not dismount the last volume of a backup operation (unless you use the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier). When you finish using a volume, you should dismount it.
Enter the DISMOUNT command in the following format:
DISMOUNT device-name |
The following command dismounts a tape in drive MUB6:
$ DISMOUNT MUB6: |
This command dismounts and unloads the tape in MUB6. After you dismount and unload the volume, you can remove it from the drive. To dismount the tape but not unload it, enter the following command:
$ DISMOUNT/NOUNLOAD MUB6: |
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