Updated: 11 December 1998 |
OpenVMS User's Manual
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The following commands are used for exiting Mail or transferring control:
The following command is used for compressing mail files:
The following commands are used for system management:
The Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) is the standard used to attach nontext files to mail messages. The MIME utility allows you to compose and read MIME-encoded mail messages. With MIME, nontext files, such as graphics or sound files, are encoded and sent as plain text, although that text may not be readable. The MIME utility decodes MIME files to their original form and allows you to create MIME-encoded files, which can be sent as mail messages using the OpenVMS Mail utility.
The system manager may have already set up the foreign command for MIME, but if not, you can do so by adding the following line to your LOGIN.COM:
$ MIME ::=,= $SYS$SYSTEM:MIME.EXE |
MIME will only open text files. Extract the MIME-encoded message into a text file using Mail first. (See Section 6.6.3 for instructions.)
To invoke the MIME utility from the DCL prompt, enter the following:
$ MIME file-name.TXT |
The file name qualifier is optional. If the file specified exists, two possible qualifiers for the file are available:
If the file specified does not exist, a new MIME-formatted file is created with that name.
The MIME utility does not construct any header information such as the
To: or From: fields. It creates only the body text of the message,
saving the text in a file to be sent by Mail later. If the file
specified to be opened contains such recognizable headers or any RFC822
headers, the default is /READ_ONLY.
6.15.2 Extracting MIME-Encoded Files Using the MIME Utility
To extract a MIME-encoded file using the MIME utility, first, open the file you want to decode. You can open the file in one of two ways: by invoking the MIME utility specifying the file name (as explained in Section 6.15.1) or by opening the file in the MIME utility.
To open a file in the MIME utility, enter the following command:
MIME> OPEN file-name |
To extract the attachment, enter the following command:
MIME> EXTRACT destination-file-name |
If you are working with a file with multiple attachments, you can extract all the attachments by appending the /ALL qualifier to the command. Or, you can specify a single attachment by appending the /ATTACHMENT=n qualifier, which specifies the number of the attachment to be extracted. The numbers for the individual attachments are displayed with the READ command.
See Section 6.15.5 for a complete list of commands used in the MIME
utility.
6.15.3 Encoding Files Using the MIME utility
To encode files to be sent as attachments, you must first create a new file by invoking the MIME utility and specifying the new file name:
$ MIME new-file-name |
Or you can use the OPEN command in the MIME utility to create a new message file:
MIME> OPEN/NEW new-file-name |
To open a file that you created in a previous session, specify the qualifier /DRAFT in the command.
To add attachments to the file, enter the command:
MIME> ADD file-name |
For a complete list of optional qualifiers for this command, see Section 6.15.5.
To write the current information to the file, use the SAVE command. Once saved, the MIME-encoded file can be sent as a file by the OpenVMS Mail utility.
To exit the MIME utility, enter the QUIT or EXIT command.
See Section 6.15.5 for a complete list of commands used in the MIME
utility.
6.15.4 Preamble and Epilogue Text
MIME-encoded messages are indecipherable without a MIME interpreter or
MIME-compliant mail clients. Thus, the MIME utility allows the
inclusion of plain text at the beginning (preamble) and end (epologue)
of such messages. This text is used to indicate that the message is
MIME-encoded. Normally these preamble and epilogue
fields are not displayed by MIME-compliant mail clients; however, they
are useful nevertheless.
6.15.5 MIME Utility Commands
The following list contains descriptions of the commands, parameters, and qualifiers available in the MIME utility. Examples follow each description.
ADD --- Adds a new body part or attachment to the message being edited. The ADD command requires the name of the file you want to attach as a parameter. The optional qualifiers are:
MIME> ADD file-name/VIDEO |
CLOSE --- Closes the current message file. If you have not saved your most recent changes, the MIME utility will prompt you to save before closing. If the file is /READ_ONLY, the file is left unchanged.
MIME> CLOSE |
EDIT --- Invokes the user's default text editor for the specified attachment. The file name is optional with this command.
MIME> EDIT file-name |
EXIT --- Exits the MIME editor, saving any work in process.
MIME> EXIT |
EXTRACT - Extracts the specified message component into its native file format. Again, the file name is optional. You can specify a single component (/ATTACHMENT=n) or all the components to be extracted (/ALL).
MIME> EXTRACT file-name/ALL |
HELP --- Displays a help file for the MIME utility.
MIME> HELP |
LIST --- Displays information about the current message including a list of body parts and attributes. For a full list of all details, append the qualifier /FULL.
MIME> LIST/FULL |
OPEN --- Opens the message with the specified file name. The qualifiers available are:
MIME> OPEN file-name/NEW |
QUIT --- Aborts the current MIME editing session without saving the current message.
MIME> QUIT |
READ --- Displays the current message as readable text with attachment markers.
MIME> READ |
REMOVE --- Deletes a specified attachment from the current message.
MIME> REMOVE/ATTACHMENT=1 |
SAVE --- Writes the current message to a file. If a file name is specified, it will be used.
MIME> SAVE file-name |
Error conditions are reported using the OpenVMS signaling subsystem, specifically lib$signal() and lib$stop(). Three levels of severity exist for error conditions: Fatal, Error, and Warning. These levels indicate what results you can expect from a condition. The severities and corresponding results are described in the following list:
The OpenVMS Phone utility (PHONE) is a communication program designed to allow users to "talk" to each other via their terminals, computers, or computer networks. This chapter includes information about:
For additional information about the commands described in this
chapter, refer to online help.
7.1 Using Phone
Phone (sometimes referred to as the Phone facility) provides features that are similar to actual telephone communications, such as the hold button, conference calls, and telephone directories. You can use Phone to communicate with other users on your system or with any other system connected to your system by DECnet for OpenVMS networks.
To invoke Phone, enter the PHONE command at the DCL prompt and press Return. You can specify the user name of the person with whom you want to communicate before or after you enter Phone. When you invoke the Phone utility, Phone takes control of your terminal and displays the Phone viewport.
The following figure shows the Phone viewport:
$ PHONE (1) OpenVMS Phone Facility 11-DEC-1996 % (2) --------------------------------------------------------- TAURUS::SMITH (3) ---------------------------------------------------------- GEMINI::PETERS (4) ---------------------------------------------------------- |
The fields on the viewport are as follows:
The viewport contains information regarding the user's name, the text
of the conversation, and various status indicators, such as who is on
hold. User names of people that you have on hold can be temporarily
eliminated from the screen to make room for new participants.
7.1.1 Help on Phone
You can obtain information about Phone by invoking the HELP command at the DCL prompt as follows:
$ HELP Topic? PHONE |
To enter Phone commands, you must first press the switchhook character (%). If you are using the Phone utility but are not currently engaged in a conversation, the switchhook character is optional because there is no ambiguity between a command and conversation.
You can press Ctrl/W at any time during your current conversation to refresh the screen.
The DIAL, DIRECTORY, MAIL, and PHONE commands accept logical names. To prevent Phone from treating a parameter to these commands as a logical name, prefix the parameter with an underscore.
When you are engaged in a conversation, most of the characters that you
type are considered part of that conversation and are sent to each
participant. The exception is the percent sign (%), which signals that
you want to enter a Phone utility command. You can enter any Phone
utility command during a conversation. See Section 7.4 for a list of
available Phone commands.
7.3 Customizing Your Phone Viewport
When entering the DCL command PHONE, you can supply the following qualifiers that modify the characteristics of the simulated telephone:
/SCROLL | Determines how new lines of text are displayed on the screen when the viewport becomes full. |
/SWITCH_HOOK | Specifies the character to be used for the switchhook prompt. The switchhook character must be entered before each Phone utility command that is entered during a conversation. |
/VIEWPORT_SIZE | Specifies the maximum number of lines in a viewport, including the heading line and the bottom line of dashes. |
For complete descriptions of Phone qualifiers, enter HELP PHONE at the
DCL prompt.
7.4 Summary of Phone Commands
The following table summarizes all of the Phone commands available. There are no qualifiers associated with the commands in this table.
Command | Description |
---|---|
ANSWER | Answers the phone when you receive a call. |
DIAL | Places a call to another user. |
DIRECTORY | Displays a list of those users with whom you can talk on your system or on any other system in the network. |
EXIT | Exits from the Phone utility. |
FACSIMILE | Allows you to include the contents of a file in your conversation. |
HANGUP | Hangs up your phone. This disconnects all current links---the current conversation, anyone you have on hold, and anyone who has you on hold. |
HELP | Enables you to obtain online information about the Phone utility. |
HOLD | Enables you to put on hold other users who are currently participating in a conversation with you. |
Allows you to send a brief message to another person. | |
PHONE | Is synonymous with the DIAL command. |
REJECT | Allows you to reject a call from another user while you are using Phone. |
UNHOLD | Reverses the most recently entered HOLD command. |
For complete descriptions of Phone commands, invoke Phone and enter the HELP command.
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