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Updated: 11 December 1998

OpenVMS Alpha System Analysis Tools Manual


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Note

READ can read both OpenVMS VAX and OpenVMS Alpha format files. READ should not be used to read OpenVMS VAX format files that contain VAX specific symbols, as this might change the behavior of other OpenVMS Alpha SDA commands.

Most often the file is provided in SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES. Many SDA applications, for instance, need to load the definitions of system data structures by issuing a READ command specifying SYSDEF.STB. Others require the definitions of specific global entry points within the executive image.

Table 4-1 lists the files in SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES that define global locations within executive images.

Table 4-1 Modules Defining Global Locations Within Executive Image
File Contents
DDIF$RMS_EXTENSION.EXE Support for Digital Document Interchange Format (DDIF) file operations.
ERRORLOG.STB Error-logging routines and system services
EXCEPTION.STB Bugcheck and exception-handling routines and those system services that declare condition and exit handlers
EXEC_INIT.STB Initialization code
F11BXQP.STB File system support
IMAGE_MANAGEMENT.STB Image activator and the related system services
IO_ROUTINES.STB $QIO system service, related system services (for example, $CANCEL and $ASSIGN), and supporting routines
LOCKING.STB Lock management routines and system services
LOGICAL_NAMES.STB Logical name routines and system services
MESSAGE_ROUTINES.STB System message routines and system services (including $SNDJBC and $GETTIM)
PROCESS_MANAGEMENT.STB Scheduler, report system event, and supporting routines and system services
RECOVERY_UNIT_SERVICES.STB Recovery unit system services
RMS.STB Global symbols and entry points for RMS
SECURITY.STB Security management routines and system services
SHELL xxK.STB Process shell
SYS$ xxDRIVER.EXE Run-time device drivers
SYS$CPU_ROUTINES_ xxx.EXE Processor-specific data and initialization routines
SYS$NETWORK_SERVICES.EXE DECnet support
SYS$PUBLIC_VECTORS.EXE 1 System service vector base image
SYS$VCC.STB Virtual I/O cache
SYS$VM.STB System pager and swapper, along with their supporting routines, and management system services
SYSDEVICE.STB Mailbox driver and null driver
SYSGETSYI.STB Get System Information system service ($GETSYI)
SYSLDR_DYN.STB Dynamic executive image loader
SYSLICENSE.STB Licensing system service ($LICENSE)
SYSTEM_PRIMITIVES*.STB Miscellaneous basic system routines, including those that allocate system memory, maintain system time, create fork processes, and control mutex acquisition
SYSTEM_SYNCHRONIZATION*.STB Routines that enforce synchronization


1This file is located in SYS$LIBRARY.

The following MACRO program can be used to obtain symbols in addition to those in SYS$BASE_IMAGE.EXE:


.TITLE GLOBALS 
$PHDDEF GLOBAL          ; Process header definitions 
$DDBDEF GLOBAL          ; Device data block 
$UCBDEF GLOBAL          ; Unit control block 
$VCBDEF GLOBAL          ; Volume control block 
$ACBDEF GLOBAL          ; AST control block 
$IRPDEF GLOBAL          ; I/O request packet 
; more can be inserted here 
.END 

Use the command below to generate an object module file containing the globals defined in the program.


$MACRO GLOBALS+SYS$LIBRARY:LIB/LIBRARY /OBJECT=GLOBALS.STB

SDA can also read symbols from an image .EXE or .STB produced by the linker. The STB and EXE files only contain universal symbols. The STB file, however, can be forced to have global symbols for the image if the SYMBOL_TABLE=GLOBAL option is used in the linker options file.

A number of ready-built symbol table files ship with OpenVMS Alpha. They can be found in the directory SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES, and all have names of the form xyzDEF.STB. Of these files, SDA automatically reads REQSYSDEF.STB on activation. The symbols in the other files can be added to SDA's symbol table using the READ command. Table 2-4 lists the files that OpenVMS Alpha provides in SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES that define data structure offsets.


Examples

#1

SDA>  READ SDA$READ_DIR:SYSDEF.STB
%SDA-I-READSYM, reading symbol table  SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]SYSDEF.STB;1
      

The READ command causes SDA to add all the global symbols in SDA$READ_DIR:SYSDEF.STB to the SDA symbol table. Such symbols are useful when you are formatting an I/O data structure, such as a unit control block or an I/O request packet.

#2

SDA> SHOW STACK
Process stacks (on CPU 00)
--------------------------
Current operating stack (KERNEL):
                                 
        00000000.7FF95CD0  FFFFFFFF.80430CE0  SCH$STATE_TO_COM+00040
        00000000.7FF95CD8  00000000.00000000
        00000000.7FF95CE0  FFFFFFFF.81E9CB04  LNM$SEARCH_ONE_C+000E4
        00000000.7FF95CE8  FFFFFFFF.8007A988  PROCESS_MANAGEMENT_NPRO+0E988
   SP =>00000000.7FF95CF0  00000000.00000000
        00000000.7FF95CF8  00000000.006080C1
        00000000.7FF95D00  FFFFFFFF.80501FDC
        00000000.7FF95D08  FFFFFFFF.81A5B720
   .
   .
   .
 
SDA>  READ/IMAGE SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES:PROCESS_MANAGEMENT
%SDA-I-READSYM, reading symbol table  SYS$COMMON:[SYS$LDR]PROCESS_MANAGEMENT.STB;1
SDA>  SHOW STACK
Process stacks (on CPU 00)
--------------------------
Current operating stack (KERNEL):
                                 
        00000000.7FF95CD0  FFFFFFFF.80430CE0  SCH$FIND_NEXT_PROC
        00000000.7FF95CD8  00000000.00000000
        00000000.7FF95CE0  FFFFFFFF.81E9CB04  LNM$SEARCH_ONE_C+000E4
        00000000.7FF95CE8  FFFFFFFF.8007A988  SCH$INTERRUPT+00068
   SP =>00000000.7FF95CF0  00000000.00000000
        00000000.7FF95CF8  00000000.006080C1
        00000000.7FF95D00  FFFFFFFF.80501FDC
        00000000.7FF95D08  FFFFFFFF.81A5B720
   .
   .
   .
 
 
      

The initial SHOW STACK command contains an address that SDA resolves into an offset from the PROCESS_MANAGEMENT executive image. The READ command loads the corresponding symbols into the SDA symbol table such that the reissue of the SHOW STACK command subsequently identifies the same location as an offset within a specific process management routine.


REPEAT

Repeats execution of the last command issued. On terminal devices, the KP0 key performs the same function as the REPEAT command.

Format

REPEAT


Parameters

None.

Qualifiers

None.

Description

The REPEAT command is useful for stepping through a linked list of data structures, or for examining a sequence of memory locations.

This command provides a convenient method of displaying a series of data structures in a linked list or examining a sequence of locations.


Example


SDA> SHOW CALL_FRAME
Call Frame Information
---------------------- 
        Stack Frame Procedure Descriptor 
Flags:  Base Register = FP, Jacket, Native
        Procedure Entry: FFFFFFFF.80080CE0              MMG$RETRANGE_C+00180 
        Return address on stack = FFFFFFFF.8004CF30     EXCEPTION_NPRO+00F30 
 
Registers saved on stack  
------------------------ 
7FF95E80 FFFFFFFF.FFFFFFFD  Saved R2
7FF95E88 FFFFFFFF.8042DBC0  Saved R3      EXCEPTION_NPRW+03DC0  
7FF95E90 FFFFFFFF.80537240  Saved R4 
7FF95E98 00000000.00000000  Saved R5  
7FF95EA0 FFFFFFFF.80030960  Saved R6      MMG$IMGRESET_C+00200
7FF95EA8 00000000.7FF95EC0  Saved R7  
7FF95EB0 FFFFFFFF.80420E68  Saved R13     MMG$ULKGBLWSL E
7FF95EB8 00000000.7FF95F70  Saved R29 
   .
   .
   .
SDA> SHOW CALL_FRAME/NEXT_FP
Call Frame Information
----------------------
        Stack Frame Procedure Descriptor 
Flags:  Base Register = FP, Jacket, Native
        Procedure Entry: FFFFFFFF.80F018D0              IMAGE_MANAGEMENT_PRO+078D0
        Return address on stack = FFFFFFFF.8004CF30     EXCEPTION_NPRO+00F30 
 
 
Registers saved on stack  
------------------------ 
7FF95F90 FFFFFFFF.FFFFFFFB  Saved R2 
7FF95F98 FFFFFFFF.8042DBC0  Saved R3      EXCEPTION_ NPRW+03DC0
7FF95FA0 00000000.00000000  Saved R5 
7FF95FA8 00000000.7FF95FC0  Saved R7  
7FF95FB0 FFFFFFFF.80EF8D20  Saved R13     ERL$DEVINF O+00C20
7FF95FB8 00000000.7FFA0450  Saved R29
   .
   .
   .
SDA> REPEAT
Call Frame Information
----------------------
        Stack Frame Procedure Descriptor 
Flags:  Base Register = FP, Jacket, Native
        Procedure Entry: FFFFFFFF.80F016A0              IMAGE_MANAGEMENT_PRO+076A0
        Return address on stack = 00000000.7FF2451C                      
 
 
Registers saved on stack  
------------------------ 
7FFA0470 00000000.7FEEA890  Saved R13  
7FFA0478 00000000.7FFA0480  Saved R29
   .
   .
   .
 
      

The first SHOW CALL_FRAME displays the call frame indicated by the current FP value. Because the /NEXT_FP qualifier to the instruction displays the call frame indicated by the saved FP in the current call frame, you can use the REPEAT command to repeat the SHOW CALL_FRAME/NEXT_FP command and follow a chain of call frames.


SEARCH

Scans a range of memory locations for all occurrences of a specified value.

Format

SEARCH [/qualifier] range [=] expression


Parameters

range

Location in memory to be searched. A location can be represented by any valid SDA expression. To search a range of locations, use the following syntax:
m:n Range of locations to be searched, from m to n
m;n Range of locations to be searched, starting at m and continuing for n bytes

expression

Indication of the value for which SDA is to search. SDA evaluates the expression and searches the specified range of memory for the resulting value. For a description of SDA expressions, see Section 2.6.2.

Note that if no equals sign is used to seperate range and expression, then a space must be inserted between them.


Qualifiers

/LENGTH={QUADWORD|LONGWORD|WORD |BYTE}

Specifies the size of the expression value that the SEARCH command uses for matching. If you do not specify the /LENGTH qualifier, the SEARCH command uses a longword length by default.

/MASK=n

Allows the SEARCH command finer qranularity in its matches. It compares only the given bits of a byte, word, longword, or quadword. To compare bits when matching, you set the bits in the mask; to ignore bits when matching, you clear the bits in the mask.

/STEPS={QUADWORD|LONGWORD|WORD |BYTE}

Specifies the step factor of the search through the specified memory range. After the SEARCH command has performed the comparison between the value of expression and memory location, it adds the specified step factor to the address of the memory location. The resulting location is the next location to undergo the comparison. If you do not specify the /STEPS qualifier, the SEARCH command uses a step factor of a longword.

/PHYSICAL

Specifies that the addresses used to define the range of locations to be searched are physical addresses.

Description

SEARCH displays each location as each value is found. If you press Ctrl/T while using the SEARCH command, the system displays how far the search has progressed.

Examples

#1

SDA> SEARCH GB81F0;500 60068
Searching from FFFFFFFF.800B81F0 to FFFFFFFF.800B86F0 in LONGWORD steps 
for 00060068...
Match at FFFFFFFF.800B8210
SDA>
      

The SEARCH command finds the value 0060068 in the longword at FFFFFFFF.800B8210.

#2

SDA> SEARCH/STEPS=BYTE 80000000;1000 6
Searching from FFFFFFFF.80000000 to FFFFFFFF.80001000 in BYTE steps for 
00000006...
Match at FFFFFFFF.80000A99
SDA>
      

The SEARCH command finds the value 00000006 in the longword at FFFFFFFF.80000A99.

#3

SDA> SEARCH/LENGTH=WORD 80000000;2000 6
Searching from FFFFFFFF.80000000 to FFFFFFFF.80002000 in LONGWORD steps for 0006...
Match at FFFFFFFF.80000054
Match at FFFFFFFF.800001EC
Match at FFFFFFFF.800012AC
Match at FFFFFFFF.800012B8
SDA>
      

The SEARCH command finds the value 0006 in the longword locations FFFFFFFF.80000054, FFFFFFFF.800001EC, FFFFFFFF.800012AC, and FFFFFFFF.800012B8.

#4

SDA> SEARCH/MASK=FF000000 80000000;2000 80000000
Searching from FFFFFFFF.80000000 to FFFFFFFF.80001FFF in LONGWORD steps for 80000000...
Match at FFFFFFFF.80001000
SDA>
      

The SEARCH command finds the value 80 in the upper byte of longword at FFFFFFFF.80001000, regardless of the contents of the lower three bytes.


SET CPU

Selects a processor to become the SDA current CPU.

Format

SET CPU cpu-id


Parameter

cpu-id

Numeric value from 0016 to 1F16 indicating the identity of the processor to be made the current CPU. If you specify a value outside this range or a cpu-id of a processor that was not active at the time of the system failure, SDA displays the following message:


%SDA-E-CPUNOTVLD, CPU not booted or CPU number out of range 


Qualifiers

None.

Description

When you invoke SDA to examine a system dump, the SDA current CPU context defaults to that of the processor that caused the system to fail. When analyzing a system failure from a multiprocessing system, you may find it useful to examine the context of another processor in the configuration.

The SET CPU command changes the current SDA CPU context to that of the processor indicated by cpu-id. The CPU specified by this command becomes the current CPU for SDA until you exit from SDA or change SDA CPU context by issuing one of the following commands:

The following commands also change SDA CPU context if the process-name, pcb-address, or index number (nn) refers to a current process:

Changing CPU context can cause an implicit change in process context under the following circumstances:

See Chapter 2, Section 2.5 for further discussion on the way in which SDA maintains its context information.

You cannot use the SET CPU command when examining the running system with SDA.


SET ERASE_SCREEN

Enables or disables the automatic clearing of the screen before each new page of SDA output.

Format

SET ERASE_SCREEN {ON|OFF}


Parameters

ON

Enables the screen to be erased before SDA outputs a new heading. This setting is the default.

OFF

Disables the erasing of the screen.

Qualifiers

None.

Description

SDA's usual behavior is to erase the screen and then show the data. By setting the OFF parameter, the clear screen action is replaced by a blank line. This action does not affect what's written to a file when the SET LOG or SET OUTPUT commands are used.

Examples

#1

SDA> SET ERASE_SCREEN ON
      

The clear screen action is now enabled.

#2

SDA>SET ERASE_SCREEN OFF
      

The clear screen action is disabled.


SET FETCH

Sets the default size of address data manipulated by the EXAMINE and EVALUATE commands.

Format

SET FETCH [{QUADWORD|LONGWORD|WORD|BYTE}][,][{PHYSICAL|VIRTUAL}]


Parameters

QUADWORD

Sets the default size to 8 bytes.

LONGWORD

Sets the default size to 4 bytes.

WORD

Sets the default size to 2 bytes.

BYTE

Sets the default size to 1 byte.

PHYSICAL

Sets the default access method to physical addresses.

VIRTUAL

Set the default access method to virtual addresses. Note that one and only one parameter out of each group can be specified. If both size and access method are to be changed, the two parameters should be separated by spaces and/or a comma. A comma may only be included if a parameter from both groups is specified. See examples 5 and 6.

Qualifiers

None.

Description

Sets the default size of address data manipulated by EXAMINE and EVALUATE commands. SDA uses the current default size unless it is overridden by use of the ^Q, ^L, ^W, or ^B qualifier on the @ unary operator in an expression.

This command also can set the default access method for address data manipulated by EXAMINE and EVALUATE commands. SDA uses the current default access method unless it is overridden by use of the ^P or ^V qualifier on the @ unary operator in an expression.


Examples

#1

SDA> EXAMINE MMG$GQ_SHARED_VA_PTES
MMG$GQ_SHARED_VA_PTES:  FFFFFFFD.FF7FE000   ".`a....."
      

This shows the location's contents of a 64-bit virtual address.

#2

SDA>SET FETCH LONG
SDA>EXAMINE @MMG$GQ_SHARED_VA_PTES
%SDA-E-NOTINPHYS, FFFFFFFF.FF7FE000 : virtual data not in physical memory
      

This shows a failure because the SET FETCH LONG causes SDA to assume it should take the lower 32 bits of the location's contents as a longword value, sign extend them, and use that value as an address.

#3

SDA>EXAMINE @^QMMG$GQ_SHARED_VA_PTES
FFFFFFFD.FF7FE000:  000001D0.40001119   "...@..."
      

This shows the correct results by overriding the SET FETCH LONG with the ^Q qualifier on the @ operator. SDA takes the full 64-bits of the location's contents and uses that value as an address.

#4

SDA>SET FETCH QUAD
SDA>EXAMINE @MMG$GQ_SHARED_VA_PTES
FFFFFFFD.FF7FE000:  000001D0.40001119   "...@..."
      

This shows the correct results by changing the default fetch size to a quadword.

#5

SDA>SET FETCH /PHYSICAL
SDA>EXAMINE /PHYSICAL @0
      

This command uses the contents of the physical location 0 as the physical address of the location to be examined.

#6

SDA>SET FETCH QUADWORD, PHYSICAL
      

This command sets the default fetch size and default access method at the same time.


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